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Day 23 Section 6-1 Law of Sines
C
Law of Sine
a
sin A
b
sin B
c
for any oblique triangle:
sin C
Depending on the information given in the problem states how many possible triangles you may have.
If you are given SAA you will only have one triangle.
Practice. Solve the triangle with A = 640, C = 820, and c = 14 centimeters. Round sides to tenths place.
If you are given ASA you will only have one triangle
Practice. Solve the triangle if A = 400, C = 22.50, and b = 12 inches. Round sides to tenths place.
Math Analysis Notes For Chapter 6 with Sections 9-4 and 5-5
If you are given SSA this is when you may have No Triangle, One Triangle, or Two Triangles.
When you solve for the 1st angle in a problem given information about a side, side and an angle, always
check to see if the supplement of the answer you got also works to see if a 2nd triangle is possible.
You will have no triangle if when you solve for the 1st angle in the problem and you get an error when
you solve for the angle. Remember that sine is only defined between: 1 to 1.
Practice. Solve the triangle if A = 500, a = 10 feet, and b = 20 feet.
Math Analysis Notes For Chapter 6 with Sections 9-4 and 5-5
1
bc sin A
2
1
ab sin C
2
1
ac sin B
2
b
A
a
c
Practice: Find the area of ABC having A = 75, a = 35 feet, and c = 25 feet. Round to the nearest square
unit.
Math Analysis Notes For Chapter 6 with Sections 9-4 and 5-5
Notes 24: Section 6-2 Law of Cosines and Herons Area Formula
Objectives: To be able to
1. Use the Law of Cosines to solve oblique triangles.
2. Solve applied problems using Law of Cosines
3. Use Herons formula to find the area of a triangle.
Law of Cosines
If A, B, and C are the measures of the angles of a triangle, and a, b, and c are
the lengths of the sides opposite these angles, then
a2
b2
c2
2bc cos A
b2
a2
c2
2ac cos B
2ab cos C
The square of a side of a triangle equals the sum of the squares of the other
two sides minus twice their product times the cosine of their included angle.
Practice: Use the given information to solve the triangle. Round lengths of sides to two decimal places and
angle measures to nearest whole degree.
a
6, b 8, c 12
Math Analysis Notes For Chapter 6 with Sections 9-4 and 5-5
Practice: Use the given information to solve the triangle. Round lengths of sides to two decimal places and
angle measures to nearest whole degree.
A 50o , b 15, c
30
Practice: Draw a triangle that describes the given problem. Then solve the problem.
A boat leaves port and travels a 100 miles due east, then adjusts its course 20o northward. After traveling
160 miles in the new direction, how far is the boat from port?
Math Analysis Notes For Chapter 6 with Sections 9-4 and 5-5
where s
1
a b c
2
Practice: Find the area of the triangle with sides 6 meters, 16 meters, and 18 meters.
2. 2 cos2 x 2 cos x 3
3. 2 sin 2 x 4 sin x 6
4. 4cos2 2x 2 0
5. sin 4 x 1
6. 4sec2 x 2 0
Math Analysis Notes For Chapter 6 with Sections 9-4 and 5-5
P = initial point
Q = terminal point
PQ =length of line segment (also called magnituded)
PQ = Q1 P1 , Q2 P2
Q (Q1 , Q2 )
v1 , v2
P ( P1 , P2 )
terminal initial
Practice: Find component form a vector with an initial point of (4, 4) to a terminal point if (6, 2).
Magnitude of a vector: v
Magnitude of a vector is the distance between the initial point and terminal points.
Magnitude of vector PQ is given by the distance formula:
PQ
q1
p1
q2
p2
If v
v12
v2 2
Math Analysis Notes For Chapter 6 with Sections 9-4 and 5-5
Example 1: Find the component form and the magnitude of the vector shown in the graph.
(2, 2)
(2, 1)
Example 2: Find the component form and the magnitude of the vector given an initial point of (3, 5) and a
terminal point of (5, 1).
Vector Operations
Two basic vector operations:
1. Scalar multiplication
A scalar is just a number (no direction or magnitude)
2. Vector addition
To add vectors just add their like components.
Example 3: State the scalar multiplication for each (a-g) given vector v..
v
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(b) 6v
(c)
1
v
3
Math Analysis Notes For Chapter 6 with Sections 9-4 and 5-5
(b) 2w 3v
(c) 2v 3w
v
v
Take the components of the vector and divide them by its magnitude.
Example 6: Find the unit vector in the direction of v = 5,12 .
Math Analysis Notes For Chapter 6 with Sections 9-4 and 5-5
Component Form
j = 1, 0
v
v
u = 2, 4
Example 8: Find the vector v with the given magnitude and same direction as u.
v
10
u = 3i 4j
Math Analysis Notes For Chapter 6 with Sections 9-4 and 5-5
10
Direction Angles
y
tan
y component
x component
b
a
or
tan
b
a
x
Example 9: Find the magnitude and direction angle of v. v = 2i + 5j
v cos i
v sin j
7 and = 60
Example 11: Find the component form of v given v =10 in the direction of w = 4i + 3j
Math Analysis Notes For Chapter 6 with Sections 9-4 and 5-5
11
(b) u = i + 3j, v = 2i 4j
(c) u = 2i j , v = i + 2j
Example 2: Given u = 8, 2 , v = 6i + 5j, and w = 2, 6 to find the indicated quantity. Sate whether the
result is a vector or a scalar.
(a) uu
(b) 2v3w
Math Analysis Notes For Chapter 6 with Sections 9-4 and 5-5
(c) (uu)w
12
v v
Example 3: Use the dot product to find the magnitude of vector u given u = 7i 2j
Angle () Between
To find the angle between to vectors u and v:
cos
u v
u v
or
cos
u v
u v
1,0 , v = 0, 2
(b) u = 3i + 4j, v = 2i + 3j
5, v
9,
Math Analysis Notes For Chapter 6 with Sections 9-4 and 5-5
3
4
13
or v = v1i v2 j
(Standard Form)
v = v cos i v sin j
(Trig Form)
where v = magnitude and = direction angle (not the angle between two vectors)
Example 6: Find the angle between two vectors given: u = cos
i sin
j and v = 4cos
3
3
i 4sin
4
4
(b) f = 3i 5j and u = 6i +
18
j
5
Math Analysis Notes For Chapter 6 with Sections 9-4 and 5-5
14
Two vectors are parallel if the angle between the vectors is 0 (going in same direction) or 180 (going in
opposite direction).
Vectors that are parallel have scalar products of the same vector or the vector in the opposite direction.
Vectors f = f1 , f 2 and u = u1 , u2 are parallel if:
u = k x, y and v = c x, y
and u =
2, 1
1,
1
3
Example 9: Determine if the vectors are orthogonal, parallel or neither. Show work to justify answers.
(a) v = 4i + 2j and u = 8i + 16j
(b) v =
7,3
Math Analysis Notes For Chapter 6 with Sections 9-4 and 5-5
15