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/*
--------------------------------------------------------------------
PROGRAM: index.html Ver: 1.0 Rev: 03/01/2010
DESCRIPTION: www.neatinfo.com main menu
BY: Jan Zumwalt - www.zoomaviation.com
--------------------------------------------------------------------
COMMENTS: Practical calculation of aircraft performance
Compiled and ran on the free Pellec C compiler
http://www.smorgasbordet.com/pellesc/
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Ver info:
V1.0 users will note slight variations in output compared to the basic
version of this program due to different round off error in math
packages.

*/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>

/*
--------------------------------------------------------------------
This section is user variables that can be customized to a particular
aircraft. See The book for descriptions.
--------------------------------------------------------------------
*/
const float altitude_ft = 0.00; // Defines the value of Pi as fixed
const float air_density_slug = 0.00237; // (sealevel)
const float pi = 3.14159; // Defines the value of Pi as fixed
const float vel_delta = 1.00; // airspeed increment for each iteration
const float vel_stall_clean_mph = 67.00; // VS1
const float cl_max_clean = 1.53; //
const float cl_max_flap = 2.10; //
const float gross_lb = 1500.00; //
const float useful_load_lb = 600.00; //
const float plane_efficiancy = 0.744; //
const float bhp = 150.00; // Defines the value of Pi as fixed
const float vel_max_mph = 180.00; //
const float prop_dia_in = 72.00; //
const float prop_dia_ft = 72 / 12; //
const float wing_span_ft = 20.83; //
const float prop_max_rpm = 2700.00; //
// end of user editable custom variables

void main()
{
float wing_load_lb_ft = cl_max_clean * pow(vel_stall_clean_mph,2) / 391; //
float vel_stall_flaps_mph = sqrt(wing_load_lb_ft * 391 / cl_max_flap); // VS0
float wing_area_ft = gross_lb / wing_load_lb_ft; //
float wing_aspect = pow(wing_span_ft,2) / wing_area_ft; //
float wing_chord_ft = wing_span_ft / wing_aspect; //
float wing_span_effective = wing_span_ft * sqrt(plane_efficiancy); //
float wing_chord_effective = wing_area_ft / wing_span_effective; //
float wing_load_effective = gross_lb / wing_span_effective; //
float drag_area_ft = .8 * bhp * 146625 / pow(vel_max_mph,3); //
//
float cd_drag = drag_area_ft / wing_area_ft; //
float vel_sink_min_ft = 11.29 * sqrt(wing_load_effective) /
sqrt(sqrt(drag_area_ft)); //
float pwr_min_req_hp = .03922 * sqrt( sqrt(drag_area_ft)) * wing_load_effective *
sqrt(wing_load_effective); //
float rate_sink_min_ft = 33000 * pwr_min_req_hp / gross_lb; //
float ld_max = .8862 * wing_span_effective / sqrt(drag_area_ft); //
 float drag_min = gross_lb / ld_max; //
float cl_min_sink = 3.07 * sqrt(drag_area_ft) / wing_chord_effective; //
float rate_climb_ideal = 33000 * bhp / gross_lb; //
float prop_tip_mach = prop_max_rpm * prop_dia_ft * .05236 / 1100; //
float prop_vel_ref = 41.9 * pow(bhp / pow(prop_dia_ft,2),.33333); //
float static_thrust_ideal = 10.41 * pow(bhp * prop_dia_ft,.66666); //

printf("\n\t wing_load_lb_ft = %.02f", wing_load_lb_ft);

printf("\n\t vel_stall_flaps_mph = %.02f", vel_stall_flaps_mph);
printf("\n\t wing_area_ft = %.02f", wing_area_ft);
printf("\n\t wing_aspect = %.02f", wing_aspect);
printf("\n\t wing_chord_ft = %.02f", wing_chord_ft);
printf("\n\t wing_span_effective = %.02f", wing_span_effective);
printf("\n\t wing_chord_effective = %.02f", wing_chord_effective);
printf("\n\t wing_load_effective = %.02f", wing_load_effective);
printf("\n\t drag_area_ft = %.02f", drag_area_ft);
printf("\n\t cd_drag = %.04f", cd_drag);
printf("\n\t vel_sink_min_ft = %.02f", vel_sink_min_ft);
printf("\n\t pwr_min_req_hp = %.02f", pwr_min_req_hp);
printf("\n\t rate_sink_min_ft = %.02f", rate_sink_min_ft);
printf("\n\t ld_max = %.02f", ld_max);
printf("\n\t drag_min = %.02f", drag_min);
printf("\n\t cl_min_sink = %.02f", cl_min_sink);
printf("\n\t rate_climb_ideal = %.02f", rate_climb_ideal);
printf("\n\t prop_tip_mach = %.02f", prop_tip_mach);
printf("\n\t prop_vel_ref = %.02f", prop_vel_ref);
printf("\n\t static_thrust_ideal = %.02f", static_thrust_ideal);

printf("\n\n");
printf("\n\t -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
");
printf("\n\t airspeed \t climb rate \t prop eff \t sink rate \t rennolds num");
printf("\n\t v(mph) \t rc(fpm) \t eta \t rs(fpm) \t re=rho*v*c/mu");
printf("\n\t -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
");

float eta = 1;
float fp = 0;
float rc = 1;
float rc1 = 0;
float rc2 = 0;
float rcmax = 0;
float rec = 0;
float rsh = 0;
float rmu = 1;
float rs = 0;
float sig = pow(1 - altitude_ft / 145800,4.265);
// float t = 518.7 - 0.00356 * altitude_ft;
float t1 = .3333;
float t2 = 0;
float v = vel_stall_clean_mph;
float vh = 0;
float vmax = 0;
float vt = 0;
float wv2 = 0;

while (rc > 0)

{
vh = v / vel_sink_min_ft;
rsh = .25 * (pow(vh,4) + 3) / vh;
rs = rsh * rate_sink_min_ft;
vt = v / prop_vel_ref;
t2 = sqrt(1 + .23271 * pow(vt,3));
eta = .92264 * vt * (pow( 1 + t2,t1) - pow(t2 - 1,t1)) * .85;
rc = rate_climb_ideal * eta - rs;
 rc2 = rc;
rec = sig * v * wing_chord_ft * 9324 / rmu;
if (rc < 0) break;
rcmax = fmax(rc,rcmax);
vmax = fmax(v,vmax);
printf("\n\t %.01f \t %.01f \t %.02f \t %.01f \t %.0f",v, rc, eta, rs,
rec );
v = v + vel_delta * rc2 / (rc2 - rc1);
}

fp = rcmax * useful_load_lb / 33000 / bhp * (1 - (vel_stall_flaps_mph / vmax));

wv2 = gross_lb * pow(v,2);

printf("\n\n\t performance parameter......... fp = %.04f",fp);

printf("\n\t kinetic energy parameter...... wv2 = %.02f",wv2);
printf("\n\t maximum rate of climb.. ...... rcmax = %.02f",rcmax);
printf("\n\t maximum speed................. vmax = %.02f",vmax);
printf("\n\t useful load lb....... useful_load_lb = %.02f",useful_load_lb);

printf("\n\n\t +------------------------------------------------------+");
printf("\n\t | Thank you for using |");
printf("\n\t | Air-Performance 1.0 |");
printf("\n\t +------------------------------------------------------+");

printf("\n\n\t Press <Enter> key to exit... ");

while ((getchar()) != '\n'); printf("\n");
}

OUTPUT...
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
airspeed climb rate prop eff sink rate rennolds num
v(mph) rc(fpm) eta rs(fpm) re=rho*v*c/mu
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
67.0 1175.5 0.63 896.1 2561031
68.0 1196.3 0.63 891.1 2599255
69.0 1216.2 0.64 886.6 2637480
70.0 1235.3 0.64 882.6 2675704
71.0 1253.5 0.65 879.1 2713928
72.0 1271.0 0.65 876.1 2752153
-
-
-
170.0 183.4 0.82 2521.4 6498138
171.0 147.3 0.82 2559.0 6536362
172.0 110.7 0.82 2597.2 6574587
173.0 73.5 0.82 2635.9 6612811
174.0 35.8 0.82 2675.0 6651035

performance parameter......... fp = 0.1206

kinetic energy parameter...... wv2 = 45937500.00
maximum rate of climb.. ...... rcmax = 1482.42
maximum speed................. vmax = 174.00
useful load lb....... useful_load_lb = 600.00

+------------------------------------------------------+
| Thank you for using |
| Air-Performance 1.0 |
+------------------------------------------------------+

Press <Enter> key to exit...

This Page Blank
 Appendix A
(information not in the original book)
 Appendix B
(information not in the original book)

Aviation Math Symbols

 Α, α
Alpha angle d = distance
Β, β Beta D = drag
Γ, γ Gamma Dmin = minimum drag
Di = induced drag
∆, δ Delta change or press/ratio
Dp = parasite drag
Ε, ε Epsilon Dt = total drag
Ζ, ζ Zeta EAS = equivalent air speed
Η, η Eta F = force
Θ, θ Theta temp/ratio Fb = braking force
Ι, ι Iota FR = friction
Κ, κ Kappa ft = feet
ft/m = feet per minute
Λ, λ Lambda
ft/s = feet per second
Μ, µ Mu G = gravity – 32.2(ft/s2)
Ν, ν Nu H = head (total pressure)
Ξ, ξ Xi h = height
Ο, ο Omicron hp = horse power
Π, π Pi 3.141 IAS = indicated air speed
Ρ, ρ Rho density k = constant
KE = kinetic energy
Σ, σ Sigma density/ratio kt = knot
Τ, τ Tau L = lift
Υ, υ Upsilon L/D = lift to drag ratio (no dim)
Φ, φ Phi trig angle, i.e. sin, cos L/Dmax = max lift/drag ratio (no dim)
Χ, χ Chi m = mass
Ψ, ψ Psi MAC = mean aerodynamic chord
mph = mile per hour
Ω, ω Omega
N = weight on wheels
ŋ = efficiency
∠ angle ŋP = propulsive efficiency
° degree P = air density(slugs)
≅ approximate PA = power available
≤ less than or equal PE = potential energy
≥ more than or equal PR = power required
± plus or minus q = dynamic pressure
RN = renold number
∞ infinity ROC = rate of climb
∑ sum S = surface area
o
sl = slug
C = (oF-32) * 5/9 SL = sea level
o
F = (oC * 5/9) + 32 Ŧ = thrust (lb)
o o
R = F + 460 t = time
o o
K = C + 273 ŦA = thrust available
TAS = true air speed
ft/min = mph * 88 TE = total energy
ft/sec = kt * 1.69 ŦR = thrust required
ft/sec = mph * 1.47 u = friction coefficient (no dim)
kt = mph * 0.87 V = velocity
kt = fps VS = velocity at stall
1.69 VX = velocity best angle
mph = kt * 1.15 VY = velocity best ROC
W = weight
Note: unit of measure may be in subscript. X = distance or unknown
For example, a distance (X) may be given as Y = height or unknown
Xft or Xin.
P(hg )
a = acceleration δ =
AC = aerodynamic center PSL (hg )
AR = wing aspect ratio (no dim)
b = wing span
T ° SL
C = chord θ =
CF = coefficient of force (no dim) T°
CG = center of gravity
δ δ T ° SL
CL = coefficient of lift (no dim) σ = * θ = *
CLmax = max CL (no dim) δ SL δ SL T °
 DT(lb) = ½*p(alt)*V2(fps)*S(ft2)*Cd
σ ∗ V 2 (kts ) Dimin = drag induced at (L/D)max(lb)
q =
295
2
 
DP = D min *  V 2 
F (lb)
a(fps2) = 2  V1 
W (lb) / 32.2( g )
F (lb)  
2
= Di = D min *  V 1 
m( sg ) 2 V 2 

Vstart ( fps ) + Vend ( fps )

2 2
Dt = Dp + Di
=
2 * d ( ft )
W (lb)
* [T (lb) − D(lb) − FR (lb)]
32.2( g ) Dmin =
= ( L / D ) max
W (lb)
span span 2 EAS = CAS ± ∆V”chart
AR = =
chord (mean) area Fb = u * N

CAS = IAS ± ∆V”chart” T (lb) * V (kt )

hp =
L (lb) 325
CL =
1 / 2 * p ( sg ) * V 2 ( fps ) * S ( ft 2 ) W (lb)
m(sg) =
32( fps )
295 ∗ w(lb)
CL =
σ ∗ V 2 (kt ) ∗ S ( ft 2 ) 2 ∗ W (lb)
Vs(fps) =
d(ft) = Vav(fps) * t(s) C L max * p (alt ) * S ( ft 2 )

Vstart ( fps ) + Vend ( fps ) 1

= * t(s) TAS = EAS * density = VIAS
2 σ
dtakeoff(ft) =
[
VTakeoff ( fps ) ± wind ( fps )
2
]
r ( ft ) * rpm
2 * a( fps 2 ) Vtip(fps) =
2 9.55
W (lb) 
d2_takeoff(ft) = d 1 _ takeoff ( ft ) *  2 
 W1 (lb)  VDIST = 2 * a( fps 2 ) * d ( ft )
2
σ 
= d 1 _ takeoff ( ft ) *  1 
σ 2 
295 ∗ W (lb)

dland(ft) =
[V Takeoff ( fps ) ± wind ( fps ) ]
2 VDmin =
C L * σ * S ( ft 2 )
2
2 * a ( fps )
W2 (lb) * L2 ( ft )
W (lb)  S(ft2) =
d2_land(ft) = d1 _ Land ( ft ) *  2  W1 (lb) + W2 (lb)
 W1 (lb) 
2
V ( fps )
 t(s) =
wind ( fps )  a ( fps 2 )
= d1 _ Land ( ft ) * 1 + 
 V1 _ land ( fps ) 

σ 
= d1 _ land ( ft ) *  1 
σ 2 
 A1*V1 = A2*V2 = A3*V3

σ ∗ V1 2 (kts)
q1 = ½ * P * V12 =
295

H = P1 + q1

alt alt A1 ( ft 2 ) ∗ V1 (kt )

hyp = alt + bas
2 2
= = V2(kt) =
A2 ( ft 2 )
sin ∠a cos ∠b

base base σ ∗V 2 2 (kts)

= = q2 =
cos ∠a sin ∠b 295

bas p2 = H - q2
alt = hyp 2 + bas 2 =
tan ∠a
A2 ( ft 2 ) ∗ V2 (kt )
bas A3(ft2) =
= = hyp * Sin ∠α V3 (kt )
tan ∠b
alt
bas = hyp * Cos ∠α = σ ∗V3 2 (kts)
tan ∠b q3 =
= alt * tan ∠b = hyp * cos ∠a
295

p3 = H – q3
= hyp * sine ∠b

alt
Tan ∠α =
bas
∠a = 90 – b

***************************************

CG(ft) =
∑ Mom( ft / lb)
∑W (lb)
∑ [W (lb) * Arm( ft )]
∑ [W (lb)]
=

A1 = V1 = P1 = σ = q1 = ************************************
A2 = V2 = P2 = σ = q2 =
A3 = V3 = P3 = σ = q3 =
 Appendix C
(information not in the original book)

Design Notes
 Appendix D
(information not in the original book)

Graphs & Charts

Log Paper