Blackbody Radiation

The concept of Blackbody Radiation comes under the topic

Radiation in Heat and Mass transfer. In this topic, we will be
covering a general idea of what is black body radiation; Laws
associated with black body radiation such a Plancks law, Wiens
Law and Stefan-Boltzman Law.
By defn.
Black body radiation is a type of electromagnetic radiation emitted
by a black body at constant and uniform temperature.
Any body above absolute zero temperature or with a finite
temperature emits energy in form of electromagnetic wave, which
we call as Radiation.
Every object in this room emit it own radiation, even we humans do
emit radiations.
We see plants that are green in color. because in the presence of
light, it absorbs almost all the colors from light source and emits
only green color. This how we can see the color of any objects. So
what about the objects that appear black. Black objects absorb all
the radiation falling on it but it re-radiates energy. One such object
is called a Blackbody. Then there is another question. What happens
to radiation of objects when there is no light.
That is when objects are placed inside a black box with a small hole
and observed. Any objects placed inside the black box always
black. In most cases, it actually emits infrared light which is not
visible to human eyes.
Then the objects are heated according to classical physics and
observed. With increase in temperature, every object began to
radiate colors but in the same order. First red, then yellow, white,
blue and violet. All the colors that constitutes to visible spectrum in
the order of low frequency to high frequency.
According to classical theory equations of a black body, the reading
were supposed to be like this. But the actual readings from
experiment appeared this.
This is nothing but the graph between Emissive power of light
radiated to the wavelength of light at respective temperatures.
To find a solution for this issue, various scientists conducted so
many experiments. And finally Max Plank came up with a brilliant
solution. He said energy emitted is not emitted in form of waves but
in form of energy packets called quanta and supported his theory
with very famous equation E=hv. That is one of the greatest

breakthroughs in science and happens to be the origin for Quantum

mechanics.
Using Plancks equation the intensity of black body radiation is
calculated and it is found that the intensity is
And its emissive power is calculated as
For a non black surface, when undergone same experiments, the
emissive power is calculated as
Observing the graph we can tell that the maximum value of
emissive power occurs at smaller wavelength as T increases.
Simple example is a laser pointer.
It is explained by Wiens disp law. Differentiate planck

Stefan-Boltzman law Total emissive power of a black body. Integrate

Planck