Lesson Plan 5.

5
Unit 5
: Energy in Transportation
Topic Title : Changing Motion
Time Frame: 2 days
I.

OBJECTIVES
General:
1.
Demonstrate understanding of the concepts of force and motion as applied
to land and air/sea transport.
2.
Demonstrate skills in making representation of concepts, plotting data,
and interpreting graphs.
Specific
1.
Cite examples of accelerated motion.
2.
State in their own words the definition of acceleration.
3.
Distinguish the difference between velocity and acceleration.
4.
Explain the relationship between speed and fuel consumption, acceleration
and fuel consumption.
5.
Show ways to measure acceleration.
6.
Describe the motion of a body given a position-time and distance-time
graph.
7.
Manifest perseverance in gathering and reporting data.

II.

SUBJECT MATTER
A. Lesson Title: Accelerated motion
B. References:
1.
UP NISMED (2002). Practical Work in High School Physics:
Sourcebook for Teachers, UP NISMED, Diliman, Quezon City, PP. 3163
2.
Padua, A. L. & R. M. Crisostomo (1999). Science and Technology IV
(Physics), SD Publications, Inc. Manila. pp. 59-64
C. Materials: 1 battery operated toy car , string (about 2 m), and the materials in
the Activity (refer to Activity sheet)

III.

LEARNING ACTIVITIES
A.
Review/Motivation (Day 1)
1.
Setup the plank. Raise one end of the plank. Place the metal ball
on the higher end of the plank and release it.

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Lesson Plan 5.5 Accelerated Motion

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What did you observe of the ball as it moved down the inclined
plane? What happened to the speed of the ball as it moved down?
Raise the inclination of the plank.
What did you observe of the motion of the ball as the inclined
plane became steeper?
Tie one end of the string to the battery operated toy car. Call one
student to hold one end of the string while you place the toy car on
the floor. Instruct the student to hold the string tightly, without
releasing or pulling it. Switch on the toy car. (The toy car will
move in circle.)
What did you observe of the motion of the toy car? How do you
describe the speed of the car and its direction?
What is accelerated motion? What are examples of accelerated
motion? What is acceleration? What is the difference between
velocity and acceleration? These are some of the questions that
well attempt to answer in todays lesson.

2.
3.

B.

Lesson Proper
1.
Define acceleration and give examples of accelerated motion.
The balls motion down the inclined plane and the toy car circular
motion are examples of accelerated motion. An object is
accelerated when it speeds up, slows down or changes direction.
In other words, the motion is accelerated when the velocity of the
object changes. Recall that velocity refers to both magnitude
(speed) and direction.
Acceleration is the rate of change of motion or the change in
velocity per unit time. In equation,
a

2.
3.
4.
5.

vfinal vinitial
t

The unit of acceleration is m/s/s or m/s2 .

Differentiate velocity and acceleration.
Divide the class into small groups. If the materials are not
sufficient for small group activity, have one setup and let each
group takes turns in gathering data.
Clarify the procedure of the activity and how to use the timer (if
any).
While the students are doing the activity, check if the procedure is
properly followed.

C. Post-Laboratory Discussion (Day 2)

1.
Let each group post their graphs on the board and compare their
graphs.
2.
Discuss the answers to analysis questions in the activity.

Unit 5 Energy in Transportation

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3.
4.
5.

Tell the students that the line graph does not represent the path of
the ball.
Explain that d vs. t2 straight line graph indicates uniformly
accelerated motion and its slope represents one half of the objects
acceleration.
Show why the slope is of the objects acceleration from the
equation
d 1 / 2at 2

This equation applies only to object that starts at rest.

If you are handling an advanced section, you can show how the
above equation is derived. See reference 2 or other High School
Physics textbooks.
D.

Generalization
1.
Acceleration is the rate of change in velocity. It is the change in
velocity per unit time, while velocity is the rate of motion of a
body.
2.
An object accelerates when it speeds up, slows down, or it changes
direction.
3.
Some example of accelerated motion are
- the motion of an object on an inclined plane or a hill
- a freely falling body
- an object moving along a curved path
- an object that moves with varying speed in a horizontal plane in a
unit of time.
4.
An object changes its rate of motion due to any of the following:
a. the magnitude of the velocity is changed
b. the direction of the velocity is changed
c. both the magnitude of velocity and direction is changed.
5.
A straight line distance vs. (time) 2 graph indicates a uniformly
accelerated motion. The slope of the line graph represents one half
of the acceleration of the object.

A.

Valuing/Application
1.
Relate this lesson to driving downhill. The driver saves fuel since
he need not step on the accelerator when the car is going downhill.
If one is biking, the cyclist saves energy if pedal is not pushed.
2.
Relate speed and acceleration to fuel consumption. The car
consumes more gasoline when its running at low speed (less than
30 km/h) or when it is at very high speed (greater than 60 km/h).
The car also consumes more fuel when the vehicle accelerates than
when it is moving at constant speed.

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1.

ASSESSMENT (Day 2)

1. Which of the following objects is NOT accelerated?

a. a stone dropped from a given height
b. a bus moving at 60 km/hr
b. a racer car moving around an oval
2.

Which of the following graphs indicate an accelerated motion?

a. A and B
b. A and C

c. B and C
d. B and D

t2

A.

B.

d
d

t2

C.

D.

2.

ASSIGNMENT

Do the analysis of Activity 5.5.1.

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Activity 5.5.1
Motion of a Rolling Ball on an Incline Straight Rail
Purpose
1.
2.
3.

To measure the time of travel of the rolling ball on an inclined straight rail
using a stopwatch.
To calculate the acceleration of the rolling ball on an inclined straight rail,
given a distance vs time2 graph of its motion.
To interpret the motion of an incline object, given a distance vs time or
distance vs time2 graph of its motion.

Materials
Inclined wooden plank with a straight rail (more than 2 m length and
graduated every 20 cm), small ball (steel or glass), stopwatch, tin can, graphing
paper, pencils, ruler
Procedure
1. Set up the materials as shown in the diagram. Use a stick to support the ball
on the rail.
2. As you take off the ruler or stick to release the ball, start the timer. Stop the
stopwatch when the ball reaches the lower end of the rail or when the ball
strikes the can found at the lower end of the rail produces a sound. Record the
measurement data of traveled distance d and time t on the table shown below.

Setup
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Lesson Plan 5.5 Accelerated Motion

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Distance traveled
d (cm)
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200

Time
t (s)

Time2
(s2)

3. Construct a graph for d vs t2 data.

Analysis
1. What can you say about the graph of d vs t2? What do this graph indicate
about the motion of the ball? What is the relationship between distance and
time of travel of the rolling ball?
2. Calculate the acceleration of the rolling ball from the graph, d vs t2?

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