Technical Drawing (EMP1102)

CHAPTER 1 PART1
INTRODUCTION TO
TECHNICAL DRAWING

Technical Drawing (EMP1102)

LECTURE 1

INTRODUCTION
TO
ENGINEERING
DRAWING

Technical Drawing (EMP1102)

ENGINEERING DRAWING IS:

AN ENGINEERING LANGUAGE AND ITS

PRESENT OF REAL THING, AN IDEA, OR A
PROPOSED DESIGN FOR MANUFACTURING
OR CONSTRUCTION.
THE PRIMARY MEDIUM FOR DEVELOPMENT.
USEFUL TOOL FOR COMMUNICATING IDEAS
AND DESIGN CONCEPTS.

Technical Drawing (EMP1102)

PRINCIPLES OF ENGINEERING DRAWING

ACCURACY (KETEPATAN)- no drawing is of

SPEED (KEPANTASAN) Time is money in industry,

maximum usefulness if its not accurate.

and there is no demand for slow drafter, technician,

or engineer.

CLEANLINESS (KEBERSIHAN)- untidy are result of

STANDARD (MENGIKUT PIAWAIAN)- its

sloppy and careless method and unacceptable to

an instructor or employer

important for engineer to follow world standard

requirement.

Technical Drawing (EMP1102)

ENGINEERING DRAWING STANDARD (PIAWAIAN)

Many standard:
- British Standard BS 308 (for lettering)
- American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
- is a professional body and responsible for mechanical
drawing standards
- American National Standard Institute (ANSI) (for
screws, fasteners etc.)
- Canadian Standard CSA B78.1
- International Organization of Standardization (ISO)
- Japanese Standard (JIS)

Technical Drawing (EMP1102)

What is Standard ?
Usually, the standards set by these organizations e.g. BSI (BS308) are
compatible to each other and may be grouped into five categories:
1. Standard terminology and symbols for universally acceptable
communication throughout industry.
2. Standard methods of testing to ensure that comparison of raw materials
or finished products can be carried out on a uniform basis, e.g. Strength,
hardness, viscosity, capacity, etc.
3. Dimensional standards which define form or shape to achieve
interchangeability between mating parts and to define the range of sizes
which are required to satisfy normal user needs.
4. Performance or quality standards specify the mechanical or electrical
properties or performance of materials or finished components.
5. Codes of practice which set out methods of erection or of installation of
equipment, or methods of operating or maintaining such equipment.

Technical Drawing (EMP1102)

BS 8888:2004 Technical Product Documentation (TPD)
Specification for defining, specifying and graphically representing
products

This British Standard supersedes BS308-1:1993, BS308-2:1985 and BS308-3:1990, which are all
withdrawn. Drawing conventions which applied to BS 308-1'2'3 in general also apply to the European Standards
referenced in BS 8888.
This standard is provided to unify all of the recently implemented ISO and EN ISO standards related to Technical
Product Documentation (it references them). Most designers and engineers should have no difficulty in working to the
new standards. BS 8888 references standards covering all aspects of technical product documentation including:
Engineering Flow Diagrams,
Representation of Engineering components,
Lettering,
Units/ quantities,
Tolerance,
Geometric Product Specifications,
Orthographic/Axometric representation,
Handling of Computer based information
Metrology etc. etc.
An important difference between BS 308 and BS 8888 is in the marking of the decimal place. In BS308 the decimal
place is indicated with a decimal point. In BS 8888 the decimal place is indicated with a comma with each group of
three digits from the decimal provided with a space e.g. 14 234,012 8 .
For manual drawings this is not really a problem. For AutoCAD drawings on a Windows based PC it is most
convenient set the decimal point to display as a comma on the regional settings on the control panel (This option is
available if you set the Country to German or France). .

Technical Drawing (EMP1102)

Drawing Standards - American Society of Mechanical

Engineers (ASME)
(

There exists standards and practices for creating technical drawings of

mechanical parts and assemblies. The governing agency responsible
for setting the standards is ASME. There are a number of documents
published by ASME that cover various aspects of mechanical
drawings, here are a few of them
ASME Y14.100 - 2004 Engineering Drawing Practices
ASME Y14.4M - 1989 Pictorial Drawing
ASME Y14.3M - Multi and Sectional View Drawings
ASME Y14.1 - 1995 Decimal Inch Drawing Sheet Size and Format
ASME Y14.5M - 1994 Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing
ASME Y14.13M - 1981 Mechanical Spring Representation
It is important to follow these standards to ensure your drawings are
interpreted correctly by others.
Always consult the standard when it doubt!

Technical Drawing I (EMP1102)

ENGINEERING DRAWING EQPT

Technical Drawing I (EMP1102)

DRAWING PENCILS

Technical Drawing (EMP1102)

Line gage references for line of various widths

Recommended pencils (mechanical pencil) to be used:

a.Construction line/guide line (thin line)
i. 2H or H - (size 0.3 0.35)
b.Lettering, dimension, arrowheads, and other freehand work (medium line)
i. H or F - (size 0.35 & 0.5)
c.Border line, Object or final drawing (thick line)
i. H, F or HB - (size 0.5 - 0.8)

Technical Drawing I (EMP1102)

Wooden Pencils correct shape for drawing pencil.

Technical drawing is a universal language of industry and is governed by

the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). Each line on a drawing
has a definite meaning and is drawn in a certain way.
There are three distinct thicknesses of lines:



Thick (0.5 0.8 mm)

Thin (0.3 0.35 mm)

All lines should be clean cut, dark, and uniform throughout the drawing (with
the exception of construction lines) and properly spaced

Thick (0.5 0.8 mm) H, F or HB pencil
 Border lines
 Visible lines (Object Lines)







Should be the outstanding feature on the drawing

Outline of the object
Shows visible edges and surfaces
Thick
Dark

 Cutting-plane lines
 Locates the plane of projection for section or cut-away views

 Short-break lines (Object Lines)

 Used to show a break on a small object
 Line thickness is .3mm

 Viewing-plane lines

Thin (0.3 0.35 mm) 2H or H pencil

 Hidden lines

 Thin
 1/8 dashes

Dark
1/16 in between the dashes

 Long-break lines
 Used to show a break on an Overly large object
 Line thickness is .5mm

 Section lines
 Shows solid areas of an object

Technical Drawing (EMP1102)

Tee-SQUARE used to draw horizontal lines.

Tee-square must be maintained with care to ensure the edge are long and straight, the
head and long pieces are firmly jointed and long piece is not bent

Recommended size for drawing board/ T square - A3 size.

Technical Drawing (EMP1102)

Using T-square with triangle & pencil position

Technical Drawing I (EMP1102)

Set Square used to drawing vertical and sloping lines.

Move the straight edge/tee-square to the required position.

Triangle - 2 triangular set squares are required; 45 angle and 30 and

60 angle.

Technical Drawing I (EMP1102)

Combination of Tee-square and set square to get the required position.

Technical Drawing I (EMP1102)

COMPASS AND DIVIDER SET

Compass used to draw arc and circle.
Divider is use to make a line or arc into a sequence of equally spaced
units of distance.

Bow divider

Center wheel Bow

Pencil / Pen

Lengthening bar or beam

Technical Drawing I (EMP1102)

COMPASS AND DIVIDER SET

* 6" speed compass with interchangeable pen, Pencil and divider
parts, replaceable needle points
* 4-1/2" bow compass with interchangeable pen, pencil, and divider
parts
* 6" beam bar and slide coupling for
circles up to 28" in diameter
* 6" friction divider with self centering
gear head and replaceable needle
points
* Mechanical lead holder
* Slip handle for spare ruling pen
* Lead pointer, center tack and screw
driver

Technical Drawing I (EMP1102)

DIVIDER

Used to dividing distance into a number of

equal parts.

Technical Drawing I (EMP1102)

How to use the compass.

Technical Drawing I (EMP1102)

French or Irregular Curve used to

draw a smooth curve through a
series of plotted points.
www.scribd.com/doc/8455804/Technical-Drawing

Technical Drawing I (EMP1102)

Protractor made from clear plastic and are graduated in

divisions of half a degree. There are 2 types; half circle
(180) and full circle (360)

Technical Drawing I (EMP1102)

Erasing shield made from thin metal and have many holes.
Used to protect nearby lines from being erase.

Technical Drawing I (EMP1102)

Sampling Template various types; circle, ellipse and

Polygon. Used to draw the shapes easily, accurately and
quickly according to size required.

Technical Drawing I (EMP1102)

Engineer Scale-

Decimal Dimension with different size of

measurement.

Full scale is 1:1 scale,

each division is actually
1mm in width.

Half scale is 1:2 scale,

each division is equals
2mm in width.

Technical Drawing I (EMP1102)

Engineer Scale-

Metric Scales

Technical Drawing I (EMP1102)

Engineer Scale-

Architects Scale

Technical Drawing I (EMP1102)

Eraser to avoid damage on the drawing paper used soft

in texture eraser

Drafting Tape used to stick the corner of the

drawing paper of the drawing board.

Technical Drawing I (EMP1102)

Standard Size of drawing papers

The standard for drawing sheet sizes is the A series. The basic size in this
series is the A0 size (1189mm x 841mm) which has an area of about 1-m3.
Drawing
Sheet Size

Size in
millimeters

Size in inches

A0

1189 x 841

46.81 x 33.11

A1

841 x 591

33.11 x 23.39

A2

594 x 420

23.39 x 16.55

A3

420 x 297

16.55 x 11.69

A4

297 x 210

11.69 x 8.27

A5

210 x 148

8.27 x 5.84

A6

148 x 105

5.84 x 4.13

Scales
Full size 1:1
Enlargement 2:1, 5:1, 10:1; 20:1
Reduction 1:2,1:2.5, 1:10; 1:100, 1:1000, etc.

Technical Drawing I (EMP1102)

EQUIPMENTS AND MATERIALS REQUIRED

1. Tee square
2. Drawing Board
3. Compass and Divider sets
4. 45-45-90 degree triangle,
5. 30-60-90 degree triangle
6. Engineer's and Architect's scale, engine divided;1/16"
7. Erasing shield
8. Drafting tape 3M (1 roll)
9. Mechanical Pencil or wood pencil :- HB, F and 2H
10. Erasers - Staedtler Mars - plastic
11. Circle template - 1/16" through 1" sizes
12. Dusting brush
13. Ames lettering guide
14. Sand paper (fine grade)
15. Irregular curve - French curve or lead core irregular curve
16. Protractor

DRAWING PAPER A3 AND A2 SIZE