Mamun Ar Rshi:d[786 AC-833 AC ] was the Abbasid Caliph who was in appearent a

secular person and has granted

Full religious freedom to different religions and their sects. But this is not true if one
see that he was
An opponent of Tradionists [Traditionalists]. He became the father of prejudices
against the Traditionists .
He himself was once a student of Imam Malick and must have heard his believes.
But he did not follow his believes.
When he gained power he tried to spread his believes by the power of a Monarch.
He issued a Mihna which is known as Mihna of Mamun. In which he made objections
of Muhaddisun.
FIRST TIME IT IS ATTEMTED TO WRITE A REFUTATION IF MIHNA OF MAMUN
ARRASHID.
[A PROTO VERSION]

Mamu:n Ar Rashid Saith:=

I (The Commander of the faithful) realized that the broad mass and the overwhelming
concentration of the base elements of the ordinary people and the lower strata of the
commonalty are those who, in all the regions and far horizons of the world, have no
farsightedness, or vision, or faculty of reasoning by means of such evidential proofs as God
approves along the right way which He provides, or faculty of seeking illumination by means
of the light of knowledge and Gods decisive proofs.
They are a people sunk in ignorance and
in blindness about God, plunged into error regarding the true nature of His religion and His
unity and faith in Him; too far off the right track from His clear marks for guidance and the
obligation of following in His way;

ANSWER:
It must be a prerequisite that one who believeth
that Quran is a Creation cannot be the Commander
of Faithfuls ,since it is neceaasy to believe that
Quran and Divine Speech is Uncreated.
If a person was once a Commander Of Faithful(s) ,
then he latter began to believe in the Creation Of
Quran then he Ceaseth to be the Commander/
Amir/ Chief/Leader Of Faithful(s) . Mamu:n maketh
no exception. So according to the principles of

Ahlussunnah Val Jamaa-ah Mamu:n did cease to

be the Commander Of Faithful(s) the very moment
he embraced the belief of Creation Of Quran. So he
is not a Commander Of Faithful(s). I f he believed
in the Creativity Of Quran from the very beginning
of his monarchy he was not the said commander
from the very beginning but a heterodox claimant
of the post.
There are several errors in the speech of Mamu:n Ar Rashi:d.
1] Normal persons are generally ignorant of Qura:n Ah:adis, Theology, Philosophy. It is impossible for each
and every Muslim to be a scholar of Sciences of Islam stated above. So it is very strange to see that Mamun is
accusing all those Muslims [ males and females,young and old etc.] who are not scholars of Islam for not
being Scholars.
So if they lack farsightedness then one may not accuse them since it is impossible for any religion that each
and every individual of that religion is a scholar.
2] Did Mamud not see that even in his home, even his father was not a scholar of Islam.
3] Did Mamun not know that the proofs invented by Mutazilah [Mutazili Theologians] are not certain and
can be broken on Logical, Philosophical,Rational and Theological grounds.
4] Reasonings and argumentations of Mutazili Systems are ultimately based on Independent Axioms and
axioms of theological systems vary from system to system. It is clear that Mamun was unaware of the fact that
any Theological System can be easily Axiomatised in a set of independent Axioms and then each and every
claim can be derived or proved from them. In such a case it becomes impossible to make a debate between to
different systems.
5] It may also be noted that Mutazili Claims and Proofs were never tought by the Holy Prophet this does
shew that they are at least not the part of Islam. So if some one doeth not know them , he cannot be accused
as such.
6] Even Companions of Prophet did not know such types of [attemped] proofs. But no one can say that they
Ignorant. Mamun is unable to provide a single reference that these Mutazili Proofs are found in Quraan
Ahadis or in Ijma. But know one charged them as people sunk in ignorance.
7] Not knowing Mutazilis [attemted] prrofs is neither blindness nor ignorance.
8] Nature of Islam can be understood by studying Quran and Ahadis. As for Mutazili attemted proofs they
They do not constitute the basic sources of Islam. They may be correct or wrong, accurate or errorous , valid
or invalid .
9] They are just opinions and cannot replace faith.
10] Mamun should have known that Nature Of Divine Essence cannot be known by Limited Intellect and
Finite Rationality of a human being in particular and any rational Suppositum in General. Real nature of
Deity is Only Known to Deity Himself.
11] Real Guidance is in Quran and Ahadis if Mamun believes in them, and not in Mutazilis dialectical and
Mutazilis theological arguments.
12] Did Mumun not see that Mutazili scholars of his time differ from on an other. For an example Nizam
differs from his own teacher Abu Huzail etc. If theological systems of Mutazilah were a guidance then there
must not have any dispute on major issues [ not to mension minor issues].

Mamu:n Ar Rashid Saith:=

A people who fall short of being able to grasp the reality of
God as He should be recognized, to acknowledge Him exactly as He should be acknowledged
and to distinguish between Him and His creation.

ANSWER:
1]Mamu:n forgets that it is Self Impossible and Per Se Absurd to know or to recognize the Reality Of
Deity
, Divine Essence, Divine Nature, Divine Self ,Divine Subsistens as they are by Finite Rationality and Limited
Knowledge. Only an Omniscent Knoweth Deity in Reality as Deity Is and Deity is the only Omniscient.
As for a finite and limited recognization, Mamun is not an authority to descide what should be known and
what should not be known about the Deity and the Nature Of Deity.
2] Deity must be recognized and acknowledged as according to Quran and Ahadis and not according to the
claims and [attemted] proofs of systems and subsystems of Mutazilism.
3] A distinction and separation between Creator and Creation is clearly know from Quranand Ahadis and
Fundamental Axioms Of Islam and Ijama. Theological discussions may be also used to know them how ever
they are not the only ones in the field of souces of Knowledge.
4] Those who do not know Mutazilian theology may still know the difference and distinction stated by
Mutazilah.
5] It is seen that Mutazilah are themselves in error and in ignorance to know the real nature of difference
between Divine Essence and Divine Attributes. Although they deny Divine Attributes but they differ from one
another on the nature of Divine Attributes. This doeth shew their ignorance about the real nature of Divine
Essence AND Divine Attributes.

Mamu:n Ar Rashid Saith:=

This is because of the feebleness of their
judgment, the deficiency of their intellects and their lack of facility in reflecting upon things
and calling them to mind.

ANSWER TO MAMU:N
1]The best answer is that All these accusations of Mamun Ar Rashid are Absolutely false and
infinitely untrue.
2] If Mamun is talking about a common man then he cannot be accused for not knowing Mutazili Theology.
If He is talking about Philosophers then Mamun must have known that Philosophers have great objections
against Muazili sects. So it is impossible for Mutazili systems to combat with Philosophers since there
systems were not designed to combat with Philosophicals system but to owe to them when ever they required
them.
If he is talking for other sects like Jahmite etc then he should know that the also used similar techniques to
prove their religious and sectarian believes. If Mamuns is talking about Orthodox and Traditionalists then he
must know that the do not require Mutazili system .

Mamu:n Ar Rashid Saith:=

All this arises from the fact that they consider as perfectly equal God Himself and the Quran
which He has revealed. They have agreed with one voice and have asserted unequivocally that it is
eternal and primordial, not created nor originated nor invented in any way by God.

ANSWER TO MAMU:N
1]Ahlussunnah do believe that Divine Speech Al Quran is Uncreated. Majority of them also believe that
Quran is Eternal and Primordial , and the Pre Existence is the basic nature of Divine Speech. But this doeth
not imply that Divine Essence and Divine Attributes are equal. Actually the principle of Tracheotomy is not

applicable in the case of Divine Essence and Divine Attributes. How ever if it is accepted that Divine
Attributes are less that the Divine Essence then they are less only in the sense of Pe Se Subsistens. Divine
Essence is Per Se Subsistens but not Divine Attribute is Per Se Subsistens. Such lesness is not an Imperfection.
If it is assumed that one Infinity [Infinte] is Infinitely Greater then the other Infinity [Infinite] then it is not
implied that the latter stated Infinity is an Imperfection. Since the Sufficient Condition for an Attribute of
Perfection to be Imperfect is Finiteness.Eg. Finite Knowledge. Finite Knowledge is an Imperfect Perfection
or a relative perfection. Mamun was ignorant of Modern Mathematics according to which the Power Set of
an Infinite Set is also an Infinte Set yet Cardinally Greater than it. This doeth shew that the primitive idea
that all infinities are equal is not necessary true. Any how An Infinite Essence is greater than an Infinite
Attribute , the this lessness Of Attribute doeth not imply its imperfection.
2] No Divine Attribute is Created,Originated or invented by any one whether the Deity or else. There is no
exception for Divine Speech as an exception is alleged by Mutazili theologians.
3] If Divine Speech is a Creation then the same can be said for any Essential Attribute Of Deity say
Omnipotence or Omniscience etc.
4] If Divine Speech is a Creation then Deity is Eternally Dumb .
5] Jahmites can say the very same thing for Mutazilah in regard to DivineKnowledge.
6] It is well known that Divine Omniscience is greater than Divine Omnipotence but Divine Omnipotence is
Absolute and Infinite.
They consider as perfectly equal God Himself and the Omniscience which He has learned. They have agreed with
one voice and have asserted unequivocally that it is which He has revealed. They have agreed with one voice and
have asserted unequivocally that it is eternal and primordial, not created nor originated nor invented in any way by
God.
1] Mamun is certainly not discussing Human Recitation or Temporal Writings and Copies Of Quran. He is
discussing Quran as a Divine Speech yet declaring It as a Creation. Mamu:n miised the point. A Divine Attribute is
Uncreated and Eternal , but it is less than the Divine Essence since It is not Per Se Subsistent and Divine Essence is
Per Se Subsistent, An Attribute is Issued From the Essence and the Essence is Unissued, yet both are absolute and
infinite . One Infinity canbe greater then the other . Absolute Knowledge is greater than Absolute Power. Yet this
doeth not contradict the Absoluteness and Infinity of Attributes.
2] This doeth shew that all the Muslims believe in Attributes and Mutazili were in Minority.

Mamu:n Ar Rashid Saith:=

Yet God has
said in the clear and unambiguous parts of His Bookwhich He has set forth as a healing for the
anguish in peoples breasts and as a mercy and guidance for the believers"Indeed, We have
made it an Arabic Quran" (43:2). Now everything which God made He must have created.
[From this Mamu:n wants to conclude that Quran is Eternal]

ANSWER TO MAMU:N
Mamuns argument can be responded in several ways:=
1] Mutazilahs themselves interpret a number of Verses and Ahadis which mentions Organs of Deity like
Vajh,Yad,Ain,Said,Yami:n,Saq etc. Similarly the interpret the verses which assert Beatific Vision. So the word
Making can be interpreted some how. The common point is not to take the verse in its literal meaning but to reject
the literal meaning. How ever the actual meaning or interpretation is only known to Deity. So It is not necessary to
suggest an interpreted meaning.
2] There are some verses whose literal meanings do shew that Divine Knowledge is Temporal and not Eternal in
there literal meanings. But by agreement they are not taken literally. So the same is true of Divine Speech or Dictum.
3] This verse is in regard to the Bookish Copies of Quran below heavens or tabletic Copy Of Quran in Heavens etc.
4] This may be in regard to human acts of recitation or memorization of Quran etc.
5] This may be in regard to Revelation. A revelation is not Eternal.

6]This cannot be in regard to Attribute Associated With Deity. If one Divine [Essential]Attribute is creation then all
Divine Attributes are Creation.
7] This cannot be in regard to Quran in Divine Omniscience.
8] It is said in Quran that the human acts are Creations of Deity. But Mutazilah interpret the verse differently. If
they can interpret the word Creation [Kh-l-q] ,one can also interpret the word making.
9] This argument is only valid if it is assumed that Creation is more General then Making. But if Making is more
General then Creation then the argument faileth. If some one believeth that Divine Doings [Acts] are more general
then Divine Makings, and Divine Makings are more general then Divine Creation then the arguments immediately
becometh invalid.
10] Essential Attributes are implied Per Se by the Essence and Issued Per Se by their Essence with Per Se Necessity
hence they are Eternal. It appears that Mamun was unaware of the differences between Necessary in Itself,
Necessary by the Seperate and Necessary For Essence.

Mamu:n Ar Rashi:d

ANSWER TO MAMU:N
This verse only proveth that Heavens and Earth(s) are Created. It is silent about Quran. So Mamu:n quotes a verse
which doeth not prove his claim.

Mamu:n Ar Rashi:d saith

48

He has further said, "In this way, We recount to you some of the stories of the
events. He has also said, "Alif, lm, r. A book, whose miraculous signs have been clearly set
existence subsequently to those events happening, and with it He followed up the beginnings of the
past" (20:99), and He gives the information that this is an account of events which He brought into
forth and then made distinct, from One wise and well-informed" (11:1). Now everything which has been clearly set
forth and made distinct must necessary have an agent which brings these actions to
pass; God is the One who has clearly set forth His Book and made it distinct, and He is its creator and originator.

ANSWER TO MAMU:N
1] Mamu:n tries to prove the Dogma Of Creation Of Al Qura:n fromsome verses which in forms about
evens occurring in Past or Present or Both.
He thinks that this proveth that Quran is a Creation. But this is an incorrect basis upon which Mamu:ns
arguments are based.
Just as Divine knowledge is Eternal and Immutable yet Deity Knoweth all the events and acts of Past, Present
and Future, Divine Speech is also Omni in the same sence. What so ever did occurr in the Past or what so ever
doeth occur in present or what so ever shall occur in Future there is a Divine Eternal Speech as an Attribute
Of Deity.
So temporality of Events doeth not implieth the temporality of Speech about them.
So the argument is invalid.
Suppose that there is an event E which occurred at time t. But there is a speech for the event E associated
with Deity Eternally. So this doeth not imply the Non Eternity of the Speech stated above.
So the event is not eternal but the speech is.
Now we come to prove the issue on Mamu:ns criteria.

Suppose that the Speech is temporal and created.

But if Deity is Omniscient then this implieth that Deity Knoweth this speech Eternally otherwise Deity
Ceaseth to be Omniscient as opined by Jahmites.
So the speech is atleast Eternal in Divine Omniscience.
Now as the speech is Eternal In Divine Knowledge there is a similar speech as an Attribute Of Deity. This
speech is not Divine Knowledge in the very same meaning in which Divine Omnipotence is not Divine
Omniscience.
2] Past, Present and Future are the relations of Divine Speech not the speech just like they are the relations of
Omniscience of Deity. Attributes of Attributes Of Deity are not Eternal. There is a difference between Divine
Attributes and Attributes Of Divine Attributes. So If it is assumed that Commandness or statementness or
truth of statementness are creations or non Eternal or both then there is no objection. As Divine Attributes Of
Deity are Eternal or Uncreated or both but not the Attributes of the Divine Attributes.
Imam Ahmad Bin Hanbal believed that Divine Attributes are Eternal and Uncreated but He never claimed
particular believe that Quran is an Attribute Of Deity yet created, then they cannot make any objection is
some one believes that an Attribute of Uncreated Attribute Of Deity is Created or Non Eternal or Both.
3]If Mamu:n believes that Deity Eternally Knoweth each and every event that shall occur in future , then
Divine Kmowledge is immutable. So If Deity Knoweth Eternally that an Event shall occur in Non Eternal
future , then this implieth that after the event is occurred , the Deitys knowledge is not that It Hath
Occurred, but it is that It Shall Occur. Otherwise if the Knowledge becometh that the Event hath occurred
from THAT it shall occur, then it is a mutation in Divine Knowledge. This is Impossible. So either Mamu:n
should accept that Divine Knowledge is mutable or he should accept that Divine Knowledge becomes
compound Ignorance after the event has practically occurred since it is still the same i.e that the event shall
occur ev en if it has occurred. Now if Mamun can make any way for Divine Attribute Of Omniscience then
such type of ways can be made for Absolute Speech Of Deity.
4] What does Mamu:n says about Divine Will /Intention. Is it a Substance or an Accident . Is it a Creation.
Is the Divine Will is created with out any Will [ Un -intentionally]?

MAMU:N SAITH
They consider themselves adherents of the Sunna, whereas in every section of the Book of
God there is an account related by Him which invalidates their words and gives the lie to their
claims, turning their sayings and their call to adopt their professed beliefs back on themselves.

ANSWER TO MAMU:N
It is correct that Traditionists are people of Sunnah.
No word of Deity invalidateth the claim that Qura:n is Un-Created. It is the fallacy of Mamu:n that he considers
that speech of temporal events is temporal.

MAMU:N SAITH
Despite all this, they go on to make an outward show of being people of the divine truth, the
real religion and community of Muslims, and assert that all other are people of false beliefs,
infidelity and schism.

ANSWER TO MAMU:N
Mamu:n is unable to stand that the Traditionists convey the religion of the prophet to generation, and they are the real
followers of the truth preached by the Holy Prophet. Any one who deviates from what Holy Prophet preached and taught
Is certainly a heretic and heterodox. On the contrary Mutazilahs in general and Mamun in particula assert all the other
Muslims as people of false believes infidelity and apostasy.
So these words of Mamu:n are applicable to Mamu:n himself and Mutazilah. Mamu:n and other Mutazilahs
themselves did go on to make an outward of being people of Divine Truth, Divine Justice and Divine Unity. But they all
are themselves unorthodox and heretic.

MAMU:N SAITH

They raise themselves up importunately against the people with these

assertions, and thereby deliberately lead astray the ignorant; to the point that a group of
adherents of the false way, who display submissiveness to someone other than God and who
lead an ascetic lifebut for another cause and not the true faithhave inclined towards
agreement with them and accordance with their evil opinions, thereby acquiring for
themselves glory in their eyes and securing for themselves leadership and a reputation for
probity amongst them.

ANSWER TO MAMU:N
MAMU:N SAITH
ANSWER TO MAMU:N

These people have forsaken the divine truth for their own delusions
and have adopted for themselves a supporter for their error to the exclusion of God. . . .
These are the people whom
"God has made deaf and has blinded their eyes. Do they not
consider the Quran, or are there locks on their hearts?" (47:23-24)

ANSWER TO MAMU:N
Truth is not forsaken by Traditionists rather they convey the truth taught and preached by
the Prophet. They are not in error as alleged by Mamu:n . Raither Mutazilahs and Mamun
have forsaken the Divine Truth and adopted a supporter ..
The verse no 47:23:24 is primarily applicable to Mamu:n and his Mutazilis.
"God has made deaf and has blinded their eyes. Do they not
consider the Quran, or are there locks on their hearts?" (47:23-24)

MAMU:N SAITH
I consider that these people
are the worst of the Muslim community and the chief ones in error, the ones who are defective
in their belief in the divine unity and who have an imperfect share in the faith. They are
vessels of ignorance, banners of mendaciousness and the tongue of Iblis, who speaks through
his companions and strikes terror into the hearts of his adversaries, the people of Gods own
religion.50

ANSWER TO MAMU:N
Consideration of Mamu:n is false and incorrect.
Mutazilahs are themselves the worst of all.
What Mamu:n saith to Traditionists is primarily
applicable to himself . Traditionists are for beyond

what Mamu:n alleges about them. Chiefs Of

Mutazilah all are in error. Mamu:n himself crossed
all the limits of rationality and ethics when he says to
great Traditionists as Tongue of Ibli:s or Vessels of
Ignorance.In fact such words are true in the truest
sense to Mamun and Abu Davud[Duad] etc.
Perfection of Divine Unicity is in the belief of Eternity
Of Divine Attributes.
Actually Mamu:n is unable to differentiate between the Divine Unicity and Eternal Unicity. Eternal Unicity is Per Se
Absurd.
Mutazilah are unable to provide a unique solution of Divine Attributes.
A] Some believe that all the Attributes are Metaphorical and none of them is real.
B] Some believe that Deity is Omniscient With out Omniscience, Omnipotent with out Omnipotence etc.
C]Some Claim that Attributes are Identical to Deity, but this is their fallacy because they do not take the word IDENTITY
in real meaning but in some meaning coined by them.
In regard to Quran some believe that:=
1] Quran is a Substance.
2] Quran is an Accident.
In either case Quran ceaseth to be a Divine Attribute and becometh a speech with out a speaker in case it is a substance,
Or it becometh the speech of the Substance in which it subsists.
In either case it cannot be the Divine Speech.