Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Introduction
2
2.1
(2)
rA C AO
dX A
2
kC AO (1 X A )( M X A )
dt
(3)
Theoretical Background
Saponification Process
XA
(4)
The simplified version of equation (4) is
shown in equation (5)
ln
t
dX A
C AO k dt
(1 X A )( M X A )
o
C C
1 X B
M XA
ln
ln B BO
1 X A
M (1 X B )
CBC A
C AO ( M 1)kt (C BO C AO )kt
(5)
2.2
A B Pr oducts
FA ( FA dFA ) ( rA )dV
(6)
rA
dC A
dC B
kC A C B
dt
dt
(1)
Noting that the amounts of A and B that
have reacted at any time t are equal and
given by CA0XA, where XA is the conversion
of the reactant A, the equation is further
simplified as in equation (2)
(6),
FAO dX A ( rA ) dV
(7)
2.3
Non-Adiabatic
Reactor
Plug
Flow
Since:
dX
-rA= FA0 dV
Since,
T
H r1 H rO C p dT
dX
rA
dV = FA 0 = f(X, T)
TO
(9)
(15)
XA
3.0
(10)
H r 2
Figure 1 shows the schematic diagram of a
tubular reactor with heat exchanger.
Ta
FA0
T0
FAe
Te
V+V
q= Ua (Ta-T)
Cp dt
i
i 1 Ti 0
Q Ws- FA0
Methodology
C p ' T
Start
- [H R(TR) +
CpdT
TR
(14)
Define Geometry
]FA0X = 0
(11)
Input Parameter Values
dQ
- [FA0 (
dV
dT
iCpi + XCp)] dV
T
- (H0R(TR)
(12)
CpdT
TR
dQ
= Ua (Ta-T)
dV
dX
) FA0 dV
= 0
(13)
Condition
Equation
Heat Flux
n.(-kT) = q + h(Tinf T)
Sources
+ Cconst (T4amb T4)
Insulation or
n.kT 0
Symmetry
Temperature
T=T0
Antisymmetry T = 0
Diffusion Mode
Boundary
Boundary Condition
Condition
Equation
Inward Flux
n. Dc qc g
Impervious or n. Dc = 0
Symmetry
Concentration c=c0
Zero
c=0
Concentration
Yes
Display Concentration or
Temperature Profile
End
C
(16)
T
.(kT ) Q
t
vz
r
1
R
vz, max
and
vz
vz , max
4
5
(18)
(104 < re < 105)
1/7
(17)
4.0
4.1
-80929
0.649
0.1
1510
152
2.9E-3
Vo/(3.1R2)
1.4
Co
nc
ent
rati
on
(m
ole
s/l)
Figure
4:
Concentration
of Reactant and Product vs. Length of
Reactor
4.1.2 Effects
of
Various
Initial
Concentration of Methyl Acetate on
Conversion of Reactants
Various concentrations of Methyl Acetate
and Sodium Hydroxide were used to study
the effect of different concentrations to
conversion of reactants along the length of
the plug flow reactor. The initial values of
some constant that were used for the
modeling is as shown in Table 2:
Constant Parameters
Inlet Temperature, To (K)
0.0005
Value
298
Flow rate
Normal
Increase
Decrease
Value (m3/s)
0.0005
0.001
0.00025
4.1.4 Effects
of
Various
Initial
Temperature of Methyl Acetate to
Conversion of Reactants
Figure 7 shows the effect of varying the
initial temperature on conversion of
reactants to product. The temperature
ranges are 288K, 298K and 308K. The
conversion of reactants was found to
increase with temperature.
4.2
Non-Adiabatic
Reactor
Plug
Flow
Co
nc
ent
rati
on
(m
ole
s/l)
Co
nc
ent
rati
on
(m
ole
s/l)
Length of Reactor (m)
Te
mp
era
tur
e
(K
)
Te
mp
era
tur
e
(K
)
moles/l.
7
Length of Reactor (m)
Cp
F
k
k
k
M
Q
R,r
-r
Re
t
T
Ua
5.0
Conclusion
V
Vo
Vz
Ws
X
Hr
Cp
Subscript:
A
Methyl Acetate
B
Sodium Hydroxide
o
Initial condition
e
Exit condition
References:
[1] Francis A. Carey,Organic Chemistry, 4th
Edition, McGraw Hill, 1990.
[2] Weifang Yu, K.Hidajat and Ajay K.Ray,
Determination of adsorption and kinetic
parameters
for
methyl
acetate
esterification and hydrolysis reaction
catalyzed by Amberlyst 15, Applied
Catalysis A, pg 1-22.
[3] Robert H.Perry, Don W. Green, Perry
Chemical Engineerings Handbook, 7th
Edition, McGraw Hill.
[4] Octave Levenspiel, Chemical Reaction
Engineering, 3rd Edition, John Wiley &
Sons, Inc., 1990.
[5] Fogler H. S., Elements of Chemical
Reaction Engineering, Prentice Hall,
1999.
Acknowledgement:
The author would like to acknowledge
Ministry of Science, Technology and
Innovation (MOSTI) for granted IRPA
grant number 09-999-02-10001 EAR to
support the research and Universiti
Teknologi PETRONAS for permission to
attend the conference.
Nomenclature:
C
Concentration (mol/m3)
Cp
Heat capacity (J/mol.K)
Cp
Mean specific heat of un-reacted
feed stream (J/mol)