TAMILNADU-Science Sample Paper-1-SOLUTION-Class-10 Question Paper

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Sample Paper 1 Solution
TN State Board
Class X Science
SECTION-I
1. Displacement.
2. 250 J.
Charge Q = 10 C, Potential difference, V = 25 V
The amount of work done in moving the charge is calculated as,
W=VQ
= 25 V 10 C
Or, W = 250 J
3. 1.35 1017 J.
Mass m = 1.5 kg
Velocity of light, c = 3108 m/s
Energy produced, E = mc2
= 1.5 (3108)2
= 1.35 1017 J
4. -0.4 D.
Focal length of concave lens f = -2.5 m
1
1
Power of lens, P = =
= -0.4 D
f -2.5
5. Flemings left hand rule.
Fleming's left hand rule gives the direction of magnetic force experienced by a current
carrying conductor when placed in a magnetic field.
6. Africa.
15 million years ago, Gorillas and Chimpanzees like Hominids existed in Africa.
3-4 million years ago, men like Hominids also existed in Africa.
7. P. falciparum.
Plasmodium falciparum causes the most severe and fatal malaria.
8. Binary fission.
In binary fission, the parent cell divides to give two daughter cells with the similar cell
contents.
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9. Hydrotropism.
The growth-dependent movement of plant parts in the direction of water is called
hydrotropism.
10. Cake, wood and grass.
Leather and plastic are non-biodegradable substances.
11. Solution with high solute concentration.
A concentrated solution is a solution with high solute concentration.
12. Sodium acetate.
Sodium acetate is basic in nature. It is a salt formed by the neutralisation of a weak acid
and strong base.
13. Atomic number.
In modern periodic law, the properties of elements are a periodic function of their
atomic number.
14. Calamine.
Calamine is not an ore of aluminium.
15. ene.
The alkenes have suffix -ene.
Example: Ethene.
SECTION-II
16. Given that:
Potential difference, V = 50 V, Current, I = 5 A
According to Ohms law,
V 50 V
R=
=
= 10
5A
I
Thus, the resistance of the heater is 10 . This resistance will be used to find out the
current drawn from the heater when connected to a 120 V supply. So,
V ' 120 V
I=
=
= 12 A
10
R
Thus, the electric heater will draw a current of 12 A when connected to a 120 V supply
line.
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17. Newtons gravitational law: Every object in the universe attracts every other object
with a force, which is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely
proportional to the square of the distance between them. The force acts along the line
joining the centres of two objects. It can be represented as:
Gm1 m2
F=
d2
Where, m1 and m2 are the masses of the objects separated by a distance d and G is the
universal gravitational constant.
OR, G
Fd2
m1 m2
The value of the universal constant is, G = 6.673 10-11 N m2 kg-2

18. The process of breaking up of the nucleus of a heavy radioactive atom into two
fragments with the release of large amount of energy is called nuclear fission.
For example, when uranium- 235 is bombarded with slow moving neutrons, fission
takes place. That is, the heavy nucleus breaks up to produce two medium sized atoms,
barium- 141 and krypton-92 with emission of three neutrons and tremendous amount
of energy (220 MeV)
235 + n1
141 +
92 +3 n 1 + 200 MeV
92U
0
56 Ba
36 Kr
0
19. Given that, Radius of curvature = 5 cm,
Object distance, u = -10 cm, Image distance, v = ?
R 5
Focal length, f = = = 2.5 m
2 2
Substituting the values in the mirror formula, we get :
1 1 1
+ =
u v f
1 1 1
= v f u
1
1
=
2.5 -10
1
1
=
+
2.5 10
= 0.4 + 0.1
1
= 0.5 m
v
v = 2m
Thus, the image is formed at a distance of 2 m behind the convex mirror. Since the
image is formed behind the mirror, it is virtual and erect in nature.
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20. Given that: Mass of an object, m = 15 kg, Initial velocity, u = 12 m/s
Final velocity, v = 20 m/s
m (v - u)
We know that the applied force, F =
t
15 (20 - 12) 120
F=
=
5
5
F = 24 N
Thus, a force of 24 N is applied on the object to increase its velocity.
21. The circuit is shown in the figure
Given that : R 1 = 50 and R 2 = 50

Equivalent resistance of the circuit is,
1 1
1
=
+
R R1 R 2
1 1
1
2
=
+ =
R 50 50 50
1 1
Or =
R 25
R = 25
Or
V 100
=
=4A
R 25
Thus, the resistance of the circuit is 4 and the total current drawn in the circuit is 4A.
The total current drawn, I =
22. According to Joule's Law of Heating heat produced in a resistor is:

(a) Directly proportional to the square of the current for a given resistance,
(b) Directly proportional to the resistance for a given current, and
(c) Directly proportional to the time for which the current flows through the resistor.
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23.
(a) Retina: The retina acts as the light sensitive screen where the real, inverted and
diminished image of the object is formed.
(b) Pupil: The pupil is the fine aperture through which light enters into the eye. It
regulates and controls the amount of light entering the eye.
24. Yes, during sexual reproduction, the offspring receive 50% of their genome from each of
the parent. Thus the offspring are produced with marked, significant and visible
variation. During asexual reproduction, the offspring receives the entire genome from a
single parent and hence shows only minor variations.
25. Marasmus and Kwashiorkar are both protein deficiency diseases commonly seen in
children.
Symptoms of Marasmus are weight loss, severe diarrhea and bones peeping out of the
skin.
And symptoms of Kwashiorker are enlarged belly and swelling in face and feet.
26.
(a) Fig. A- Gynoecium. Fig. B- Fruit.
(b) After fertilisation, the ovary (from fig. A) develops into a fruit (fig. B).
27. In lower plants, exchange of gases takes place through the surface of the plants; no
specialised cells are developed in them for this function.
In higher plants, exchange of gases takes place through the stomata.
28. The correct food chain is:
Mulberry Caterpillar Sparrow Kite
Energy pyramid:
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29.
30. Statements (b) and (c) are correct.

Corrected statements for (a) and (d) are:
(a) Alpha cells of the Islets of Langerhans in the pancreas produce glucagon and beta
cells produce insulin and amylin.
(b) Ovary produces egg and 3 hormones: oestrogen, progesterone and relaxin in
females.
31. Endplate is found at the neuromuscular junction.
32. Dog, cat, crocodile, lion, tiger;

In group d., crocodile is a reptile, a non mammalian animal.
33. Maintain the chemical composition of blood;
The kidneys maintain the chemical composition of the blood by removing nitrogenous
wastes from the body as urine.
Also during urine formation, kidneys retain water, glucose and other dissolved
nutrients, required to maintain the composition of blood.
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34. Hair, bristle, quills;
Hair is present on the skin of almost all mammals.
Whales and dolphins have bristles.
Porcupine and hedgehogs have quills.
35. Petroleum;
Petroleum is a fossil fuel which causes pollution. Bio-alcohol, green diesel and bioethers are bio-fuels obtained from biomass and result in less pollution.
36.
Sources
Renewable
NonRenewable
A
Hydrogen
Coal
B
Wind
Natural gas
C
Solar energy
Petroleum
37.
(a) Majority of the population suffers from dengue fever and chikungunya.
(b) The other two diseases, i.e. cholera and rat fever, can be controlled by the following
measures:
i. Boil water before drinking.
ii. Proper sanitation facilities.
iii. Washing food properly before cooking.
iv. Chlorination of water used for other domestic purposes.
38. A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more non reacting substances. The
major component, which is used in larger quantity, is called solvent and the substance
which is used in lesser quantity is called solute.
(a) Sugar is a solution of sugar in water. Here sugar is the solute and water is the
solvent.
(b) Soft drinks contain carbon dioxide as solute and water as solvent.
39. Examples of Colloidal solution and Suspension:
(a) Colloidal Solution: Milk, Blood.
(b) Suspension: Oil and water, sand and water
40. Number of Moles =
Number of Molecules
Avogadro Number
1.51 1023
6.023 1023
= 0.25
0.25 moles are present in 1.51 1023 molecules of CO2.
=
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41. Egg shells contain calcium carbonate which reacts with acid forming calcium chloride
salt, carbon dioxide and water. The bubbles evolved are of Carbon dioxide.
CaCO3 (aq) + 2HCl (aq) CaCl2 (aq) + CO2 (g) + H2O
42. Neutralisation reaction: It is the process due to which [H+] ions of an acid react
completely or combine with [OH-] of a base to give salt and water.
For example:
Reaction between sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid gives NaCl (salt) and water
as product.
HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O
43. All ores are minerals while all minerals are not ores as some of them might have a large
amount of unwanted substances such as sand, stones and earthly impurities. For
example, aluminium occurs in the Earth's crust in the form of two minerals bauxite and
clay. Out of these, aluminium can be easily and profitably extracted from bauxite only.
So, we can infer that bauxite is an ore of aluminium. On the other hand, it has not been
possible to obtain aluminium from clay by some easy and cheap method. So, clay
remains only as a mineral and not as an ore of aluminum.
44.
(a) D and E belong to same group since they differ by 8.
(b) C and D belong to the same period since elements in a period are arranged in the
order of increasing atomic numbers.
45. The reactions in which an unsaturated hydrocarbon combines with simple substances
to form a single saturated product are addition reactions. Those reactions in which one
or more hydrogen atoms of a saturated hydrocarbon is/are replaced by an atom or a
group of atoms are substitution reactions.
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SECTIONIII
PART-I
46.
(a) Gene therapy is the means to treat or even cure genetic and acquired diseases by
using normal genes to supplement or replace the defective ones.
Cancer and AIDS can be cured by gene therapy.
(b) Types of gene therapy:
i. Somatic gene therapy In this therapy, the genome of the recipient is changed
but the change is not passed to the next generation.
ii. Germ line gene therapy Egg and sperm of the parents are changed for the
purpose of passing the changes to the next generation.
(c) Insulin dependent diabetes is caused by the degeneration of beta cells due to a
defective gene.
47.
(a) Malaria is caused by a protozoan Plasmodium. Female Anopheles mosquito acts as
a vector for the spread of malaria.
(b) Following are some measures to control the spread of malaria:
i. Ground fogging with disinfectants.
ii. Closing stagnant pools of water.
iii. Covering ditches.
iv. Use of mosquito nets and repellants.
(c) Chills, shivering and rise in temperature;
Malaria is characterized by chills and shivering and rise in temperature. Then it is
followed by perspiration and fall in body temperature. After sometime the cycle
repeats again.
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PART-II
48.
(a) The two most important events involved in sexual reproduction of a flowering plant
are:
i. Pollination
ii. Fertilisation
(b) Pollination is the first important event involved in sexual reproduction of flowering
plants.
Pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of a flower
of the same plant or a different plant.
Transfer of these pollen grains is brought about by pollinating agents like wind,
water or insects.
Pollination is of following two types:
i. Self pollination Self pollination is also known as autogamy. The transfer of
pollen grains from the anther of a flower to the stigma of a same flower or
another flower of the same plant is known as self pollination.
ii. Cross pollination The transfer of the pollen grains of a flower to the stigma of
another flower of a different plant of the same species is called cross pollination
or allogamy.
(c) Advantages of cross pollination:
i. The seeds produced as a result of cross pollination develop or germinate
properly and grow into better plants.
ii. More viable seeds are produced.
49. No, smoke is not good for health.
Harmful effects of burning of coal are as follows:
i. Harmful metals like mercury, uranium, thorium and other heavy metals are
generated as waste. These cause environmental pollution and human health
hazards.
ii. Sulphur particles are released which can cause acid rain.
iii. Ground water and water table levels are disturbed and also get polluted to some
extent.
iv. Land as well as water bodies get contaminated due to waste released after coal
burning.
v. Coal burning results in emission of smoke and dust causing air pollution.
vi. Carbon dioxide, a green house gas, is a major gas released by coal burning which
causes global warming.
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PART-III
50. Relative molecular mass of sulphur dioxide, SO 2 = 32 + 32 = 64
w
32 1
(a) Number of moles (n) occupied =
= = =0.5moles
Molecular Mass 64 2
0.5 moles are occupied by 32 g of sulphur dioxide.
(b) Number of molecules = Number of moles x Avogadros number
= 0.5 x 6 x 1023
= 3 x 1023 molecules
32 g of sulphur dioxide occupies 3 x 1023 molecules.
(c) 64 g of SO2 occupies 22.4 dm3 volume
22.4 x 32
32 g of SO2 will occupy =
= 11.2 dm3
64
Molecular mass = 44 = 22
(d) Vapour density=
2
2
51.
(a) Carbon forms a large number of compounds due to the following reasons:
i. Catenation: Carbon forms stable strong bonds with other atoms of carbon.
ii. Tetravalency: Since carbon has a valency of four, it is capable of bonding with
four other atoms of carbon or atoms of some other mono-valent element.
(b) Some compounds are called saturated because they hold only a single bond between
two carbon atoms while some are unsaturated because in these hydrocarbons,
valency of carbon is satisfied by a double or triple bond.
(c) Unsaturated hydrocarbons are more reactive because of the presence of double and
triple bonds between them.
(d) Bromopentane:
Hexanal:
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PART-IV
52. Law of conservation of momentum:
In the absence of an external unbalanced force, the total momentum of a system of
objects remains unchanged or conserved by collision.
Consider two balls 1 and 2 of masses m1 and m2 respectively travelling in the same
direction along a straight line with different initial velocities u 1 and u2.
There are no other external unbalanced forces acting on them.
Let u1 > u2 and the two balls collide with each other for a duration of time, t.
Let v1 and v2 be the velocities of two balls respectively after collision in the same
direction as before collision,
During the collision m1 exerts an action force F12 on m2. According Newtons third law,
m2 exerts a reaction force on m1, that is, F21, such that
F12 = -F21
Negative sign implies that the two forces are directed in opposite directions.
According to Newtons second law of motion:
Change in momentum
Force =
Time interval
m v - m2 u2
F12 = 2 2
t
Similarly,
m1 v1 - m1 u1
21
t
From Newton's third law,
F =
F12 = -F
21
m 2 v 2 - m 2 u 2 m1 v 1 - m 1 u 1
= -
t
t
m1 u1 + m2 u = m1 v 1 + m v 2
2
Hence, Total momentum before collision = Total momentum after collision

Hence, this equation implies that if no external force acts on the system of two colliding
balls, the total momentum is conserved.
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53.
(a) Dispersion: The splitting of white light into its component colours is called
dispersion.
Formation of Rainbow: Rainbow is typically observed soon after a rain shower. It
is caused by the dispersion of sunlight by raindrops suspended in air. Water drops
act like tiny prisms.
The water drops refract sunlight, disperse, then reflect internally and then refract it
again. It is due to dispersion of light that the eye sees different colours in a series in
the sky which is the rainbow.
(b) Magnetic resonance technique (MRI):
MRI is used to scan the inner organs of human body and create detailed images of
the body. A machine uses a very intense magnetic field which penetrates through
the body.
The magnetic field is generated by super conducting coils with the help of liquid
helium. It can reduce the temperature of the coil to around 4k. At this low
temperature very high resolution images can be obtained.
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Sample Paper 1 Solution

The value of the universal constant is, G = 6.673 10-11 N m2 kg-2

Given that : R 1 = 50 and R 2 = 50

22. According to Joule's Law of Heating heat produced in a resistor is:

30. Statements (b) and (c) are correct.

32. Dog, cat, crocodile, lion, tiger;

Hence, Total momentum before collision = Total momentum after collision

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