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Mass (g)
468
528
642
670
822
830
964
(unknown)102
3
Time (s)
Interval (# of
oscillations)
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
Period (sec/interval)
8
8
7
7
6
6
5
5
0.625
0.625
0.714285714
0.714285714
0.833333333
0.833333333
1
1
2" clamp + G
2" clamp + E
1059
1152
5
5
5
5
1
1
f(x) = 0x + 0.29
R = 0.96
0.8
Period (sec/interval)
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Mass (g)
ANALYSIS
f(x) = 0x + 0.3
R = 0.98
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
400 600 800 10001200
Mass (g)
MANIPULATED DATA
1100
1200
Mass
(g)
468
528
642
670
830
822
964
1023
1059
1152
Time
(s)
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
Interval
8
7.5
7
6.5
6
6
5.5
5
5
4.5
Period
(sec/interval)
0.625
0.666667
0.714286
0.769231
0.833333
0.833333
0.909091
1
1
1.111111
0.5
0
400
f(x) = 0x + 0.29
R = 0.99
600
Mass (g)
Mass
(g)
468
528
642
670
822
830
964
1023
1059
1152
Time
(s)
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
Interval
8
7.5
6.8
6.5
6
5.8
5.2
5
4.8
4.5
Period
(sec/interval)
0.625
0.666667
0.735294
0.769231
0.833333
0.862069
0.961538
1
1.041667
1.111111
CONCLUSION
For our last trial, we placed an object
with unknown mass. We calculated its
period and then used the equation we derived from above to solve for its
mass.
Mass (g)
Time (s)
-
Interval
5
Period
5
The unknown mass was 1023 g while our predicted mass was 1008 g.
The percent error was 1.44%. Some possible sources of error were the
placement (its center of mass) of the object on the inertial balance.
In this lab we are determining the frequency for a different range of
masses. One main factor that affects the frequency of an inertia balance is
the rotational inertia, which depends on the placement of the object. For our
lab, being placed at its center of mass would be most ideal because the
rotational inertia is minimized. For example, if you took a weight and placed
it at the end of the bat, it would be harder to swing it because the rotational
inertia has increased. However if you put the weight on the same side as you
swing it, it is much easier to swing because the rotational inertia is not as
high. A change in position changes (an uneven balance of mass) the
rotational inertia and thus affects the frequency. Thus because our balance
was small and rather difficult to clamp a metal bar with an even distribution
of weight throughout, we found it difficult to place the objects at its center of
mass. Especially for the objects with greater mass and longer length, it was
difficult to center the object with a small clamp. Not placing the objects at its
center of mass will most likely reduces the frequency because an unevenly
mounted object makes it more difficult to swing the object side to side even
though mass remains constant. Thus even if mass does not change, our data
shows fewer oscillations per time interval because of inaccurate clamp
placement.
Another source of error was the inconsistency of when we started the
loggerpro software and when we actually started shifting the object. After a
certain time period, the distance the inertial balance shifts from side to side
gradually gets smaller and smaller, making it harder to determine whether a
full oscillation has occurred in those areas. We could improve this by nudging
the inertial balance with greater force so longer distances can be traveled,
and thus a clearer graph will be displayed.
QUESTIONS
1. Why is the inertial balance unaffected by gravity?
Inertial balance is unaffected by gravity because the motion of
the object on an inertial balance is horizontal and ignores the
gravitational force that is vertical.
2. How do the periods of the inertial balance change as the mass is
increased?