Smart Sensors

ZBIGNIEW POPIOLEK
Department of Heating, Ventilation and Dust
Removal Technology
Silesian University of Technology, Poland

Smart Sensors

Building Systems and Their Monitoring

Needs
Building- lighting, temperature, sound, air quality
People - occupancy, comfort, productivity, safety
Energy - electricity, gas, water, weather

Smart Sensors

Sensing opportunities for comfort, air quality,

occupancy assessment
air temperature, mean radiant temperature,
operative temperature, surface temperature
air velocity
humidity
CO2, smoke, gaseous and particle contaminations,
odors
sound
individual recognize
motion
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doors and windows ON/OFF

Smart Sensors

Sensing opportunities for building, HVAC system,

lighting, performance/energy assessment

weather condition
structure temperature
window status
pressure
HVAC temperature, humidity, airflow rate
zone light sensor
daylight illumination
plug power measurement
fuel and electricity consumption

Smart Sensors

Actuation opportunities of control devices

(position adjustment, start on/off, setpoint reset, shut down)

shading, blinds
windows
heating
ventilation
fire safety
AC
refrigeration
lights
computers
office devices

Smart Sensors

Traditional integrated sensors

Sensing
element

Signal conditioning and

processing

resistors,

amplification,

capacitor,

linearization,

transistor,

compensation,

piezoelectric
materials,

filtering,
etc.

Sensor
interface
wires,
plugs,
sockets,
etc.

photodiode,
etc.

Smart Sensors

Smart sensors
Sensing
element

Microprocessor

Signal conditioning and

processing

digital signal processing,

Main features:
VLSI technologies
wireless RF
communication!
low power consumption
small size
low cost

analog-to-digital conversions,
calculations,
dump or store the data,
interfacing functions,
self-diagnostics,
self-identification,
sleeping mode
etc.
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Smart Sensors

Smart sensors development

AWAIRS I (1999)
seismic, magnetic and
acoustic sensors

Prototype smart sensor

(Lynch et al. 2001).
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Smart Sensors

Smart sensors development

European project of
Energy Efficient Sensor
Networks (EYES 2002)

A MTS310 Sensor Board

manufactured by
Crossbow Technology,
Inc. (2003)
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Smart Sensors

Smart sensors development

Berkeleymote
Mica2

Berkeleymote
Mica2dot

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Smart Sensors

Smart sensors development

UC Berkeley Smart Dust
Prototype

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Smart Sensors

Smart sensors applications

Bringing the Information Revolution to the Physical World, December 1, 2005,

sponsored by Dust Network

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Smart Sensors

Smart sensors applications

Bringing the Information Revolution to the Physical World, December 1, 2005,

sponsored by Dust Network

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Smart Sensors

Smart sensors in buildings today

Sensicasts Smart
Sensors automatically
introduce themselves to the
network and work reliably for
years. They monitor multiple
data types essential for
industrial, manufacturing and
laboratory processes,
including:
Pressure
Temperature
Current and Voltage
Motion
Light
Humidity, Moisture and many
more
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Smart Sensors

Smart sensors in buildings today

TEMPERATURE RTD SMART SENSOR
Two or four-channel RTD inputs
RTD types supported:
2, 3 and 4 wire inputs
10 , Copper RTD support
100 , Platinum RTD support

TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY

Temperature Accuracy +/- 0.3C
Temperature Resolution 0.01C
Temperature Repeatability +/- 0.01C
Humidity Accuracy +/- 3% RH
Humidity Resolution 0.03% RH
Humidity Repeatability +/- 0.1% RH
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Smart Sensors

Smart sensors in buildings today

CONTACT CLOSURE SMART SENSOR

4-20mA INPUT SMART SENSOR

0-10V INPUT SMART SENSOR

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Smart Sensors

Smart sensors for Control of

Microenvironment
VAV actuator
Climate
sensor

Light ballast

BACnet
Occupancy
sensor

Comfort stat

Base station

Reflective
vane
actuator

Window
switch
Desk climate sensor

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Smart Sensors

Other possible smart sensors

application

Wireless liquid level sensing for restaurant applications

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Smart Sensors

Just as the personal computer was a

symbol of the 80s, and the symbol of
the 90s is the World Wide Web, the
next nonlinear shift, is going to be
the advent of cheap sensors..
-Paul Saffo
Institute for the Future
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Other sensors

Photoelectric
sensor,
detection of
the object

Occupancy
sensor

Wireless
thermostat

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Occupant Activity Detection Sensors

Desk and PV Air Flow Occupation Detection

Craftemp
Temperature-Change
Detector

Birchers AIR30
Active Infrared
Detector

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Occupant Activity Detection Sensors

Office Occupation Detection

Birchers MERKUR
Micro Wave Motion Detector

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