10/12/2015

BasicQualityTools

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BasicQualityTools
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Introduction
Mostorganizationsusequalitytoolsforvariouspurposesrelatedtocontrollingandassuringquality.
Althoughagoodnumberofqualitytoolsspecificareavailableforcertaindomains,fieldsandpractices,someofthequalitytoolscanbeusedacross
suchdomains.Thesequalitytoolsarequitegenericandcanbeappliedtoanycondition.
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Therearesevenbasicqualitytoolsusedinorganizations.Thesetoolscanprovidemuchinformationaboutproblemsintheorganizationassistingto
derivesolutionsforthesame.
Anumberofthesequalitytoolscomewithapricetag.Abrieftraining,mostlyaselftraining,issufficientforsomeonetostartusingthetools.
Letushavealookatthesevenbasicqualitytoolsinbrief.

1.FlowCharts
Thisisoneofthebasicqualitytoolthatcanbeusedforanalyzingasequenceofevents.
Thetoolmapsoutasequenceofeventsthattakeplacesequentiallyorinparallel.Theflowchartcanbeusedtounderstandacomplexprocessinorder
tofindtherelationshipsanddependenciesbetweenevents.
Youcanalsogetabriefideaaboutthecriticalpathoftheprocessandtheeventsinvolvedinthecriticalpath.
Flowchartscanbeusedforanyfieldtoillustratecomplexprocessesinasimpleway.Therearespecificsoftwaretoolsdevelopedfordrawingflow
charts,suchasMSVisio.
Youcandownloadsomeoftheopensourceflowcharttoolsdevelopedbytheopensourcecommunity.

2.Histogram
Histogramisusedforillustratingthefrequencyandtheextentinthecontextoftwovariables.
Histogramisachartwithcolumns.Thisrepresentsthedistributionbymean.Ifthehistogramisnormal,thegraphtakestheshapeofabellcurve.
Ifitisnotnormal,itmaytakedifferentshapesbasedontheconditionofthedistribution.Histogramcanbeusedtomeasuresomethingagainstanother
thing.Always,itshouldbetwovariables.
Considerthefollowingexample:Thefollowinghistogramshowsmorningattendanceofaclass.TheXaxisisthenumberofstudentsandtheYaxis
thetimeoftheday.

3.CauseandEffectDiagram
Causeandeffectdiagrams(IshikawaDiagram)areusedforunderstandingorganizationalorbusinessproblemcauses.
Organizationsfaceproblemseverydayanditisrequiredtounderstandthecausesoftheseproblemsinordertosolvethemeffectively.Causeand
effectdiagramsexerciseisusuallyateamwork.
Abrainstormingsessionisrequiredinordertocomeupwithaneffectivecauseandeffectdiagram.
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Allthemaincomponentsofaproblemareaarelistedandpossiblecausesfromeachareaislisted.
Then,mostlikelycausesoftheproblemsareidentifiedtocarryoutfurtheranalysis.

4.CheckSheet
Achecksheetcanbeintroducedasthemostbasictoolforquality.
Achecksheetisbasicallyusedforgatheringandorganizingdata.
WhenthisisdonewiththehelpofsoftwarepackagessuchasMicrosoftExcel,youcanderivefurtheranalysisgraphsandautomatethroughmacros
available.
Therefore,itisalwaysagoodideatouseasoftwarechecksheetforinformationgatheringandorganizingneeds.
Onecanalwaysuseapaperbasedchecksheetwhentheinformationgatheredisonlyusedforbackuporstoringpurposesotherthanfurther
processing.

5.ScatterDiagram
Whenitcomestothevaluesoftwovariables,scatterdiagramsarethebestwaytopresent.Scatterdiagramspresenttherelationshipbetweentwo
variablesandillustratetheresultsonaCartesianplane.
Then,furtheranalysis,suchastrendanalysiscanbeperformedonthevalues.
Inthesediagrams,onevariabledenotesoneaxisandanothervariabledenotestheotheraxis.

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6.ControlCharts
Controlchartisthebesttoolformonitoringtheperformanceofaprocess.Thesetypesofchartscanbeusedformonitoringanyprocessesrelatedto
functionoftheorganization.
Thesechartsallowyoutoidentifythefollowingconditionsrelatedtotheprocessthathasbeenmonitored.
Stabilityoftheprocess
Predictabilityoftheprocess
Identificationofcommoncauseofvariation
Specialconditionswherethemonitoringpartyneedstoreact

7.ParetoCharts
Paretochartsareusedforidentifyingasetofpriorities.Youcanchartanynumberofissues/variablesrelatedtoaspecificconcernandrecordthe
numberofoccurrences.
Thiswayyoucanfigureouttheparametersthathavethehighestimpactonthespecificconcern.
Thishelpsyoutoworkontheproprietyissuesinordertogettheconditionundercontrol.

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Conclusion
Abovesevenbasicqualitytoolshelpyoutoaddressdifferentconcernsinanorganization.
Therefore,useofsuchtoolsshouldbeabasicpracticeintheorganizationinordertoenhancetheefficiency.
Trainingsonthesetoolsshouldbeincludedintheorganizationalorientationprogram,soallthestaffmembersgettolearnthesebasictools.
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