ACADEMIC WORD LIST SUBLIST 10

Key word

Pronunciation

o.

Collocation/

Meaning

Example

Idiom/ Phrasal
verb

1.

adjacent
(adj)

2.

albeilt
(conjunction)

3.

assemble (v)

assembly (n)

/de.snt/

very near, next to, or

touching

C2

/lbi.t/
/l-/

although

C2

/sem.bl/l

1. (I/T) (gather) to come

together in a single place or
bring parts together in a
single group
2. (T) (join) to make
something by joining
separate parts

C2

1. (C) (meeting) a
group of people,
especially one that meets
regularly for a particular
purpose, such as
government, or, more
generally, the process of
coming together, or the
state of being together
2. (U) (joining) the
process of putting together
the parts of a machine or

C2

/sem.bli/

C2

C2

- They lived in a
house adjacent to the railway.
- The spillover (=liquid) from
the adjacent river flooded the
lower fields.
- The evening was very
pleasant, albeit a little quiet.
- He tried, albeit without
success.
1. - Over 50,000
people assembled in the main
square.
- He came out onto the
balcony to speak to the
crowd that had assembled
outside.
2. furniture that is easy to
assemble
1. - The United Nations
General Assembly
- She has been tipped as a
future member of the
Welsh Assembly.

ACADEMIC WORD LIST SUBLIST 10

5.

collapse (v)

collapse (n)

/klps/

/klps/

collapse/fall in a
heap = to
fall down
heavily and lie on
the ground without
moving.
Ex: The woman
staggered and
collapsed in a heap.

structure
1. (I) (fall) to fall down
suddenly because of
pressure or having no
strength or support
2. (I) (fall) (of people and
business) to suddenly be
unable to continue or work
correctly
1. (C or U) (failure) the
sudden failure of a system,
organization, business, etc.

B
2

C2

B
2

Collapsible furniture can be

folded, usually so it can be
put or stored in a smaller
space
one of a group of
people who work together

1. - A poor economy has

caused the
collapse of thousands of small
businesses.
- Negotiations between the two
countries are on the brink/
verge of collapse (= very
soon going to fail).
- He suffered a mental/
nervous collapse after ten
years' teaching.
2. He was taken to
hospital after his collapse on
the pitch.
the collapse of a building during
the earthquake
collapsible chairs

A
2

We're entertaining some

colleagues of Carol's tonight.

1. (T) (gather together)

C1

1. We're compiling some

2. (S or U) (fall) the
sudden falling movement of
a person or structure that
has become too weak to
stand

collapsible

/klp.s.bl/l

(adj)
8.

colleague

9.

(n)
compile (v)

/kl.i/
/k.li/
/kmpal/

1. Thousands of
buildings collapsed in the
earthquake.
2. Lots of people lost their
jobs when the property
market collapsed.

ACADEMIC WORD LIST SUBLIST 10

compiler (n)

compilation

/kmpa.lr/

/km.ple.n/

(n)

12. conceive (v)

/knsiv/

to collect information from

different places and
arrange it in a book, report,
or list
2. (T) (change
instruction) to change a
computer program into a
machine language
1. (C) (person) a
person who
compiles something
2. (C) (computer
program) a computer
program that changes
instructions into machine
language
1. (U) the act of
compiling something
2. (C) a book, CD, etc. that
has been made from
several separateparts
1. (I or T) (imagine) to
imagine something
2. (T) (invent) to invent a
plan or an idea

facts and figures for a

documentary on the subject.

1. a dictionary compiler
2. She ran her code through the
compiler.

C2
C2
C2

conceivable
(adj)
><

/knsi.v.bl/l

3. (I or T) (become
pregnant) to become
pregnant, or to cause a
baby to begin to form
possible to imagine or to
believe

/-bli/

1. A team of four was

involved in the compilation of
the book.
2. a compilation of their
greatest hits
1. He couldn't conceive of a
time when he would have no
job.
2. He conceived the plot for this
film while he was still a student.
3. The baby was conceived in
March, so will be born in
December.
It's just conceivable (=
possible although difficult to
imagine) (that)the
hospital made a mistake.

ACADEMIC WORD LIST SUBLIST 10

inconceivable

She could conceivably (=

possibly) have already left.

conceivably
(adv)
><
inconceivably
14. convince (v)
convinced

/knvns/
/knvnst/

to persuade someone or
make someone certain
certain

B
2
B
2

able to make you

believe that something is
true or right

C1

(adj)
convincing

/knvn.s/

(adj)

/-li/

convincingly

a convincing
win/victory = a
victory in which the
person or team that
wins is much
betterthan the
person or
team they are
competing against
Ex: They won a
convincing victory.

(adv)
17. depress (v)

/dpres/

1. (T) (cause sadness) to

cause someone to feel
unhappy and without hope

2. (T) (to reduce) to

reduce the value of
something, especially
money
4

He managed to convince the

jury of his innocence.
My boyfriend says I'd like going
on a camping trip, but I'm not
convinced.
- a convincing argument/
explanation
- convincing evidence
- The end of the book wasn't
very convincing.

She spoke convincingly of the

need for a more humane prison
system.
1. [+ -ing
verb] Doesn't it depress you
listening to the news these
days?
[+ to infinitive] It depresses
me to think that I'll
probably still be doing
exactly the same job in ten
years' time

ACADEMIC WORD LIST SUBLIST 10

2. A surplus of corn has
helped depress the grain
market/grainprices.
The rise in the value of the
dollar has depressed the
company'searnings/profits this
year.
3. High interest rates are
continuing to depress the
economy.

3. to reduce the amount of

activity in something,
especially a business
operation
4. to lower the level or
amount of something
5. (T) (press down) to
press down or lower

depressing

/dpres./

(adj)

depressed

/dprest/

(adj)

depression
(n)

/dpre.n/

making you feel

unhappy and without
hope for the future

B
2

1. (sad) unhappy and

without hope
2. (reduced) not having
enough money, jobs, or
business activity

B
1

1. (U) (unhappiness) the

state of feeling very
unhappy and without
hope for the future

B
2

C2

4. This drug helps depress high

hormone levels.
5. Slowly depress the
accelerator/brake pedal.
This weather is so depressing.
[+ -ing verb] It was very
depressing watching the news
tonight.
[+ to infinitive] It's
depressing to think that it will
soon be winter.
1. Try not to get depressed after all, what's the use of
worrying?
2. In a depressed market, it's
difficult to sell goods unless you
lower your prices.
an economically depressed
area
1. I was overwhelmed by
feelings of depression.
2. Tiredness, loss of appetite,

ACADEMIC WORD LIST SUBLIST 10

2. (C or U) a mental
illness in which a person is
very unhappy and
anxious (= worried and
nervous) for long
periods and cannot have a
normal life during these
periods
3. (C) (no activity) a
period in which there is
very little business
activity and not many jobs
4. (C) (weather) an
area where the air
pressure is low

21. encounter

/nkan.tr/

(n)

encounter

/nkan.tr/

(v)

23. enormous

/n.ms/

B
2

and sleeping problems are all

classicsymptoms of depression.

C2

3. The stock market crash

marked the start of a
severe depression.
4. The
deep depression over the midAtlantic will gradually move
eastwards during the day.
5. There was a depression in
the sand where he'd been lying

5. (C) (hole) part of a

surface that is slightly
lower than the rest
a meeting, especially one
that happens by chance

1. (T) (meet) to
meet someone
unexpectedly
2. (T) (experience) to
experience something,
especially something
unpleasant
extremely large
6

B
2

I had an
alarming encounter with a wild
pig.
This meeting will be the first
encounter between the party
leaders since the election.
1. On their way home they
encountered a woman selling
flowers.
2. When did you first encounter
these difficulties?
The army is reported to be
encountering considerable
resistance.
an enormous car/house

ACADEMIC WORD LIST SUBLIST 10

(adj)

enormously

/n.ms.li/

extremely or very much

/n.m.ti/

1. (U) (size) very great

size or importance

She worked enormously hard on

the project.
The show was enormously
popular.
1. Nobody fully understands the
enormity and complexity of the
task of reviving the country's
economy.
I don't think you realize the
enormity of the problem.

(adv)
enormity (n)

26. forthcoming

2. (C or U) (evil act) an
extremely evil act or the
quality of being extremely
evil
1. (soon) [before noun]
happening soon

/fkm./

(adj)

2. (willing) friendly and

helpful, willing to give
information or to talk
3. (suppied) [after verb]
produced, supplied, or
given

27. incline (v)

/nklan/

incline your head

1. (I or T, +adv/prep) to
(make someone)
7

He earns an enormous salary.

They cut enormous blocks of
stone out of the hillside.
He ran up an enormous phone
bill by ringing up chatlines all
the time.

B
2

1. We have just received the

information about the
forthcoming conference.
2. I had difficulty getting any
details. He wasn't very
forthcoming.

C1

3. No explanation for his

absence was forthcoming.
Will financial support for the
theatre project be forthcoming?
1. The prime minister is
believed to be

ACADEMIC WORD LIST SUBLIST 10

= to bend your
head slightly
forward and down
Ex: He inclined his
head and said
nothing.
- incline
to/towards sth =
to think that a
belief or opinion is
probably correct.
Ex: I incline to the
view that
peace can be
achieved.
incline (n)
inclined (adj)

inclination
(n)

/n.klan/
/nkland/

/n.klne.n/

feel something or want to

do something
2. (T) (move) to (cause to)
slope at a particular angle

inclining towards an April

election.
2. The ground inclined
steeply towards the ridge in the
distance.

a slope
1. likely or wanting to do
something
2. having natural artistic,
technical, etc. ability
(artistically, technically, etc.
inclined)
3. to have an opinion about
something, but not a strong
opinion (be inclined to
agree, believe, think, etc.)

a steep/gentle incline
1. Tom is inclined to be lazy.
No one seemed inclined to help
2. She's very bright, but she's
not academically inclined.

1. (C or U) (feeling) a
feeling that you want to do
a particular thing, or the
fact that you prefer or are
more likely to do a
particular thing

C2
C2

C1

3.He was inclined to agree with

them.

C2

1. [+ to infinitive] My own
inclination would be to look for
another job.
We should be basing our
decisions on solid facts, not
inclinations and hunches.
2. a solemn inclination of the

ACADEMIC WORD LIST SUBLIST 10

31. integrity (n)

/nte.r.ti/

32. intrinsic

/ntrn.zk/
/-z.kl.i/

(adj)
intrinsically
(adv)
33. invoke (v)
invocation

/nvk/
/n.vke.n/

(n)

34. levy (n)

/lev.i/

2. (C) (movement) a
small downward movement
1. (U) (honesty) the
quality of being honest and
having strong moral
principles that you refuse to
change
2. someone's high artistic
standards or standards of
doing their job, and that
person's determination not
to lower those standards
3. (U) (whole) the
quality of being whole and
complete
being an extremely
important and basic
characteristic of a person or
thing
1. to use a law in order to
achieve something, or to
mention something in
order to explain something
or to support youropinion or
action
2. to request help from
someone, especially a god,
when you want to
improve a situation
3. to make someone have a
particular feeling or
remember something
an amount of money, such
9

head
C2

1. No one doubted that the

president was a man of the
highest integrity.
2. Keen to preserve his
artistic integrity, he
refused several lucrative
Hollywood offers.
3. A modern extension on the
old building would ruin its
architectural integrity.

C2

works of little intrinsic value/

interest
Maths is an intrinsic part of the
school curriculum.
1. Police can invoke the law to
regulate access to these places.
2. Their sacred dance is
performed to invoke ancient
gods.

They imposed a five

ACADEMIC WORD LIST SUBLIST 10

levy (v)

35. likewise

as a tax, that you have to

pay to a government or
organization
in the same way

/lak.waz/

percent levy on alcohol.

C2

(adv)
36. nonetheless

/nn.les/

(adv)

37. notwithstan

/nt.wstn.d/

ding (prep,

despite what has just been

said or done

C1

despite the fact or thing

mentioned

C1

1. (strange) strange or
unexpected

B
1

2. (not often) [before

noun] not happening often

C2

adv)
38. odd (adj)

/d/

the odd one out

= a person or
thing that is
different from or
kept apart from
others that form a
group or set.
Ex: Guess which
number of the

3. (numbers) (of
numbers) not able to be
10

Just water these plants twice a

week, and likewise the ones in
the bedroom.
- Security at the event has been
tightened since last year.
Nonetheless, about 1000
managed to get in without
tickets.
- Despite being younger than
the others, Smith was
nonetheless a valuable
member of the team.
- Today, the paying of a
dowry is illegal, but the
practice continues nonetheless
in some areas.
Notwithstanding some
members' objections, I think we
must go ahead with the plan.
Injuries notwithstanding, the
team won the semifinal.
1. Her father was an odd man.
It's odd that no one's seen him.
2. She does the odd teaching
job but nothing permanent.
You get the odd person who's
rude to you but they're
generallyquite helpful.
3. 3, 5, and 7 are all odd
numbers.

ACADEMIC WORD LIST SUBLIST 10

following sequence
is the odd one out.
She was always the
odd one out at
school - she didn't
have many friends.
39. ongoing
(adj)

/./
/-/

40. panel (n)

/pn.l/

panel (v)

divided exactly by two

4. (separated) [before
noun] (of something that
should be in a pair or set)
separated from its pair or
set
continuing to exist or
develop, or happening at
the presentmoment

1. (C) (team) a small

group of people chosen to
give advice, make a
decision, or publicly
discuss their opinions as
entertainment
2. (C) (part) a flat, usually
rectangular part, or piece of
wood, metal, cloth, etc.,
that fits into or onto
something larger
3. (C) (control board) a
board or surface that has
controls and other
devices on it for
operating an aircraft or
other large machine
(T, usually passive) to
cover or decorate with flat,
usually rectangular
pieces of wood, metal,
cloth, etc.
11

The houses on this side of the

street all have odd numbers.
4. He's got a whole drawer
full of odd socks.
I'd got a few odd (= I had
various) balls of wool left over.
C2

C1

C2

an ongoing investigation/
process/project
No agreement has yet been
reached and the
negotiations are still ongoing.
1. The competition will be
judged by a panel of experts.

2. a beautiful old door with

oak panels
White silk panels were
inset into the sides of the dress.
3. a control/instrument panel

The walls of the dining

hall were panelled in oak.
a panelled room/wall/door

ACADEMIC WORD LIST SUBLIST 10

panelling (n)
43. persist (v)

persistent

/psst/

1. If an unpleasant
feeling or situation persists,
it continues to exist
2. to try to do or
continue doing something
in a determined but often
unreasonable way

/pss.tnt/

C2

C2

1. lasting for a long time or

difficult to get rid of

(adj)
persistently
(adv)

persistence

/pss.tns/

(n)

46. pose (v)

/pz/

pose as sb = If you
pose as a
particular person,
you pretend to be
that person in
order to deceive

2. Someone who is
persistent continues doing
something or tries to do
something in a
determined but often
unreasonable way
the fact that someone or
something persists

C2

1. (T) (cause) to
cause something,
especially a problem or
difficulty

C1

C2

12

wood panelling
1. If the pain persists, consult a
doctor.
The cold weather is set to
persist throughout the week.
2. If he persists in asking
awkward questions, then
send him to the boss.
The government is
persisting with its ambitious
public works programme.
1. a persistent smell/skin rash
Symptoms of the illness
include a high temperature and
a persistent dry cough.
2. Be persistent - don't give up.
He has been a persistent
critic of the president.
She is a persistent offender and
has been arrested five
times this year for shoplifting.
Most financial analysts have
been surprised by the
persistence of the recession.
Her persistence and
enthusiasm have helped the
group to achieveits
international success.
1. Nuclear weapons pose a
threat to everyone.
The mountain terrain poses
particular problems for civil
engineers.
2. Can we go back to the

ACADEMIC WORD LIST SUBLIST 10

people
Ex: He's
posing as her date,
but he's really her
bodyguard.

pose (n)

48.

reluntance

/rlk.tns/

(n)

reluntant
(adj)

/rlk.tnt/

2. (T) (ask) to ask a

question, especially in a
formal situation such as a
meeting
3. (I) (position) to
move into and stay in a
particular position, in
order to be photographed,
painted, etc.
4. (I) (pretend) to
pretend to be something
that you are not or to have
qualities that you do not
have, in order to be
admired or attract interest
1. (C) (position) a
particular position in which
a person stands, sits, etc. in
order to be photographed,
painted, etc.
2. (C) (pretending) an
occasion when someone
pretends to have
qualities that they do not
have
an unwillingness to do
something

not willing to do something

and therefore slow to do it

13

C1

question that Helena posed

earlier?
3. We all posed for our
photographs next to the Statue
of Liberty.
4. He doesn't really know a
thing about the theatre - he's
just posing!

1. He adopted/assumed/
struck (= moved into) an
elegant pose.

C1

2. She likes to appear as if she

knows all about the latest
films and art exhibitions, but
it's all a pose (= she's
pretending and it's not true).
I accepted his resignation with
great reluctance.
[+ to infinitive] Her
reluctance to talk to the
press was quiteunderstandable.
[+ to infinitive] I was having
such a good time I was
reluctant toleave.
Many parents feel reluctant to

ACADEMIC WORD LIST SUBLIST 10

reluntantly
(adv)
50. so-called

/skld/

(adj)
(before noun)

51. straightforw

/stretf.wd/

ard (adj)

1. used to show that you

think a word that is used to
describe someone or
something is not suitable or
not correct
2. used to introduce a new
word or phrase that is not
yet known by many people
1. (simple) easy to
understand or simple
2. (honest) (of a person)
honest and not likely to
hide their opinions

B
2

B
2

talk openly with their children.

She persuaded her reluctant
husband to take a trip to Florida
with her.
She reluctantly agreed to
step down as managing
director.
1. It was one of his so-called
friends who supplied him with
the drugs that killed him.
2. It isn't yet clear how
dangerous these so-called
"super-rats" are.
1. Just follow the signs to
Bradford - it's very
straightforward.
2. Roz is straightforward and
lets you know what she's
thinking.

straightforw
ardly (adv)

52. undergo (v)

53. whereby

/n.d/

to experience something
that is unpleasant or
something that involves a
change

C1

/weba/

1. by which way or method

C2

14

He explained
quite straightforwardly that
there wasn't enough work for
us all.
She underwent an operation on
a tumour in her left lung last
year.
Playing board games is
undergoing a revival in
popularity.
1. They've set up a

ACADEMIC WORD LIST SUBLIST 10

(adv, prep)

2. in which, or with which

15

plan whereby you can

spread the cost over a two-year
period.
We need to devise some sort of
system whereby people can
liaise with each other.
2. It's put me in a
position whereby I can't
afford to take a job.