MENG 3340

Question Database

Instructor: Pilaka Murty

Note: Please do not give narrative answers. Check all that apply.
1

What would you do to increase moment of inertia of a cross-section about neutral axis and why?
a) Increase depth
b) Increase width
c) Increase length
d) (a) or (b)
e) preferably (a)

Where does neutral axis lie?

a) about half the depth of the cross section
b) about half the width of the cross-section
c) at centroid of the cross-section
d) depends on the cross-section

The bending of a beam is said termed symmetric if:

a) moment axis coincides with z-axis
b) moment axis coincides with y-axis
c) moment axis coincides with x-axis
d) moment axis does not matter

State of plane stress signifies:

a) stress in z-dir =0
b) strain in z-dir = 0
c) stress in x and y-dir =0
d) strain in x and y-dir=0

Cylindrical pressure when vessel is subjected to internal pressure develops:

a) hoop stress and longitudinal stress with hoop stress < longitudinal stress
b) hoop stress and longitudinal stress with hoop stress > longitudinal stress
c) only hoop stress
d) only longitudinal stress
e) insufficient information and can not say

It is enough if a shaft subjected to pure torque is designed for:

a) failure due to shear stress
b) failure due to angle of twist limitation
c) failure due to angle of twist and shear stress
d) insufficient information and can not say

If a steel shaft with copper sleeve is subjected to torque, it is:

a) distributed equally between them because their lengths are same
b) distributed based on the ratio of modulii of rigidity or allowable shear stress
c) distributed based on cross-sectional area
d) based on the strength of their radii
e) none of the above

If the torque is transmitted by a stepped shaft of same material:

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a)
b)
c)
d)

torque transmitted is same along its length

shear stress is same along its length
angle of twist is the same in both sections
angle of twist is different in both sections

Steel reinforcements are added to concrete beam at the bottom of X-section because:
a) concrete is strong in tension at the bottom
b) concrete is weak in tension at the bottom
c) concrete is strong in compression at the bottom
d) fancy is as important as design consideration

10

Elastic curve is:

a) the deflected shape of the beam
b) the deflection diagram of the longitudinal axis that passes through the centroid of x-sections
c) curve representing elasticity of the material
d) curve joining slopes at selected points of the beam

11

What is true?
a) pin and roller supports signify displacement =<0, and fixed supports slope =0
b) pin and roller supports signify displacement >0, and fixed supports slope >=0
c) pin and roller supports signify displacement <=0, and fixed supports slope <=0
d) pin and roller supports signify displacement =0, and fixed supports slope =>0
e) none of the above

12

At an inflexion point on an elastic curve:

a) on either side the slope is zero
b) on either side the bending moment=0
c) on either side the shear force=0
d) the bending moment on either side changes sign

13

What is the effect of providing an intermediate hinge in acontinuous beam?:

a) Bending moment is =0 at hinge
b) Shear force=0 at the hinge
c) Deflection=0 at the hinge
d) Slope=0 at the hinge
e) Do not know

14

Which of the following is/are true?

a) where bending moment =0 shear force =maximum
b) when BM= maximum, SF =0
c) when SF = negaive, BM =0
d) when bending moment changes sign, there is an inflexion point
e) I do not know

15

When does thermal strain develop?

a) when the body constrained and temperature is increased/or reduced
b) when temperature is increased/or reduced
c) when temperature is increased
d) when temperature is decreased below 0 deg. Kelvin

16

The areaof M/EI diagram between any 2 points in a loaded beam represnts:
a) the deflection between the tangents at 2 points
b) the slope between the tangents at 2 points
c) sum of the slopes at the 2 points
d) sum of the deflections at the 2 points

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17

The moment areaof M/EI diagram between any 2 points in a loaded beam represnts about 1st point:
a) represents the the deflection of 2nd point w.r.t. 1st point
b) represents the the slope of 2nd point w.r.t. 1st point
c) represents the the deflection of 1st point w.r.t. 2nd point
d) represents the the slope of 1st point w.r.t. 2nd point

18

Singuarity method is:

a) used to compute deflection at any point on a beam using one equation
b) it uses different terms in parenthesis depending upon the type of loading
c) used to avoid writing different bending moment equations for different sections
d) a tool that can not be used to dtermine shear force at any section

19

Single or double shear :

a) depends on the # of surfaces resisting the shear force
b) single shear means one shear force and double shear means 2 shear forces
c) it does not matter in real design
d) it really matters since a component in double shear can taresist more shear load

20

For design purposes:

a) it is safer to measure strain at or near the load points
b) at or near the ends
c) measure at a distance far enough to avoid end effects and consider safety factor
d) measure at a distance far enough to avoid end effects without safety factor

21

Strain gages are used only to measure:

a) normal strain
b) shear strain
c) normal strain is then used to change in volume
d) shear strain is then used to measure distortion in shape

22

In a conventional stress-strain diagram:

a) necking is the stage just before failure
b) strain-hardening is the stage before failure
c) elastic limit is the state before failure

23

For materials such as Aluminum yield stress:

a) yield stress plus 0.2%
b) yield stress minus 0.2%
c) the stress corresponding to strain 0f 0.2% termed as proof stress
d) is determined in a different manner since there is no yielding at constant stress as in steel

24

Which of the following is/are true?

a) Ductile materials can withstand larger elongation before failure
b) Brittle materials fail without much of elongation
c) Ductile material can become brittle at lower temp
d) Brittle material can become ductile at higher temp

25

Which of the following is/are true?

a) a material strong in Creep can resist load at lower temperature
b) a material strong in fatigue can withstand more load at lower temp
c) a material strong in fatigue shall never fail due to cyclic loads
d) a material loaded with stress below the fatigue limit shall never fail in fatigue

26

Poissons ratio is a measure of:

a) lateral strain with reference to the longitudinal strain
b) ratio of lateral deflection to the longitudinal deflection

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c) lateral dimension to the longitudinal dimension
d) none of the above
27

Which of the following is/are true?

a) Hooks law is applicable within the linear zone of the stress-strain diagram
b) Hooks law relates stress and strain beyond the linear zone
c) Youngs modulus is the ratio of linear stress to linear strain
d) Modulus of rigidity is the ratio of shear stress to shear strain

28

Which of the following is/are true?

a) Poissons ratio of materials lie between 1 and 0.5
b) Poissons ratio of materials lie between 0 and 1
c) Youngs modulus is always greater than modulus of rigidity
d) Poissons ratio of incompressible material is=0.5

29

Principle of superposition is used:

a) because it is simple
b) because within linear elastic range stresses and displacements can be added algebraically
c) because superposition is superposition
d) because superposition is not superposition

30

Statically indeterminate signifies that the # of available equations of equilibrium are:

a) greater than the unknowns
b) fewer than the unknowns
c) somewhere in between
d) not too large
e) not too few

31

Thermal stresses develop when:

a) body undergoes free expansion
b) bodys expansion is constrained
c) when partially constrained
d) when not constrained at all

32

Thermal stresses are a function of:

a) Temperature
b) Change in temperature
c) Depends on material
d) Independent of material

33

Statically indeterminate beam problems:

a) can not be solved at all
b) can be solved provided additional compatibility conditions are supplied
c) Hookes law can not be applied to statically indeterminate beams
d) Hookes law can be applied with modifications

34

Stress concentration factor depends on:

a) geometry of the bodies and their connection
b) material properties such as E and G
c) Poissons ratio
d) Density of the material

35

How do we determine the stress concentration factor?

a) Apply the geometry and use tables given in books
b) Conduct holographic experiments
c) Conduct finite element analysis

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d) Use a safety factor
36

Shafts could be/are made hollow:

a) because the shear stress at the center of the shaft is not important
b) because the shear stress at the center is very less as compared to the top
c) because we want to take some internal wiring through the shaft
d) for aesthetic beauty

37

What do not belong here relating to assumptions made in torsion of circular shaft?
a) there is warping
b) plane sections remain plane
c) linear elastic material
d) circles remain circles after torsion

38

Which is true for circular shafts transmitting power?

a) power is a function of angular velocity of the shaft
b) power is a function of angular velocity and torque transmitted
c) power is a function of the torque transmitted
d) insufficient information

39

Bending stress is:

a) Maximum at the top and bottom fiber s of the cross-section
b) Minimum at the top fiber and maximum at the bottom fiber
c) Minimum at the neutral axis
d) developed by axial loading

40

In a beam subjected to lateral loading:

a) shear stress is maximum at the center of the cross section
b) shear stress is minimum at the center of the cross-section
c) shear stress varies parabolically from top to bottom fiber with maximum at center
d) shear stress is larger than bending stress

41

For Gray ASTM 20 and Structural A 36, write down the following :
a) density
b) modulus of elasticity, modulus of rigidity
c) yield strength
d) ultimate strength
e) Poissons ratio

42

Using figures 4-23 and 4-24 write down stress concentration factors for:
a) w/h = 4.0, r/h =0.5; w/h =1.2 and r/h 0.6
b) r/w = 0.3, r/w = 0.4
When a shaft or a beam is subjected to bending loads and torsion loads:
a) we consider bending moment to determine bending stress
b) we determine the principal stress using bending and shear loads for bending stress
c) we consider bending moment and torsion loads separately
d) we consider shear loads only

43

44

Which of the following is/are true?

a) principal stresses are perpendicular to each other
b) shear stress on principal planes is=0
c) normal stress on principal shear planes =0
d) average normal stress acts on principal shear planes

45

Which of the following is/are true?

a) area moment method always gives correct results and not the integration method

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b) integration method is superior to the area moment method
c) singularity method is more suitable when there are many load discontinuities
d) results given by singularity method are approximate
46

If a composite beam is made up of steel and wood of equal thickness:

a) the neutral axis would half way
b) the neutral axis is closer to wood side
c) the neutral axis is closer to the steel side
d) can not say

47

Why is it necessary to determine the location of the centroidal axis of composite section?
a) Because centroidal axis coincides with neutral axis
b) Because bending stress is proportional to the location of fiber from neutral axis
c) Because the bending moment is =0 at the neutral axis
d) Because bending stress is maximum at the neutral axis

48

In a composite beam we transform material 1 into material 2 into other by changing:

a) width of material 1 by a factor E2/E1
b) width of material 1 by a factor E1/E2
c) depth of material 1 by a factor E2/E1
d) depth of material 1 by a factor E1/E2

49

In a transformed section the bending stress at a fiber:

a) is proportional to the distance of the fiber from the common neutral axis
b) is proportional to the distance of the x-section from their original configuration
c) after it is determined needs to be transformed by using the factor
d) there is no need for transformation because this has been done for the x-section

50

For the same torque transmitted why do we prefer a circular cross-section to non-circular?
a) because maximum shear stress is smaller
b) because angle of twist is smaller
c) for aesthetic appearance
d) (a) and (b)
e) (a) and (c)

51

In a beam subjected to shear load V and cross-section A, which of the following is/are true?
a) average shear stress across the section=V/A
b) maximum shear stress for rectangular X-section=3V/2A
c) maximum shear stress for circular X-section=4V/3A
d) there is no shear stress due to transverse shear load
e) there is no shear stress because no torque is applied

52

Why in building construction beams of I-section are preferred? Because:

a) they are available in plenty in market at cheap prices
b) more area is required at top and bottom ends where bending stress is highest
c) the bending stress is very low in the middle section of the beam requiring less material
d) I do not know

53

If an L, I, or C shaped sections were given, how would you determine geometric properties?
a) start calculating from the formulas given in the book
b) make an approximation using the formulas for standard sections
c) use the results given at the back of book for different combinations
d) after design shall make sure that the section suggested corresponds to available standard

54

Which of the following is/are true of drawing an M/EI diagram?

a) determine support reactions and draw M/EI diagram

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b) for concentrated loads, M/EI diagrams consist of straight line segments
c) for distributed loads the curves are parabolic
d) use figures at the back of the book to locate the centroid of the curves
55

Which of the following is/are true of drawing an elastic curve diagram?

a) points of zero slope and zero deflection always occur a fixed support
b) zero displacements occurs at all pin and roller supports
c) positive moment bends beam concave up
d) negative moment bends beam convex up
e) inflexion point or change in radius of curvature occurs when moment=0

56

Which of the following is/are true of moment theorems?

a) they apply between tangents at two pints of interest
b) tangents should be considered at supports where displacement and or slope=0
c) Theorem 1 gives angle between 2 tangents and Theorem 2gives tangential deviation
d) Positive B/Arepresents ccw rotation of the tangent at B w.r.t. tangent at A
e) Positive t B/AindicatesthatpointBontheelasticcurveliesabovetheextendedtangentfromA

57

Which of the following is/are true of boundary conditions?

a) For roller support deflection =0, moment=0
b) For pin support deflectin=0, moment=0
c) For roller extending either side deflection=0 moment not=0
d) For pin extending either side deflecton=0, moment not=0
e) Fixed end deflection=0, slope=0
f) Free end moment=0, shear force=0
g) Internal pin or hinge moment=0

58

Which of the following is/are true of beam deflection theory?

a) moment curvature relationship is valid for large curvature
b) moment curvature relationship is valid for large radius of curvature
c) where slope of elastic curve is too small
d) where slope of elastic curve is too large

59

Which of the following is/are true of a general 3D state of stress at a point?

a) can be represented by an element oriented so that only 3 principal stresses act on it
b) orientation of element with maximum shear stress shall lie at 450 from element (a)
c) if in-plane principal stresses both have the same sign, absolute max. shear stress will occur out
of plane and given by max /2
d) if in-plane principal stresses are of opposite signs, the absolute maximum shear stress equals
the maximum in-plane shear stress (max-min)/2.

60

Which is/are true of a 2D Mohrs circle?

a) establish a coordinate system -axis positive right, -axis positive downward
b) locate center { (xx +yy )/2, 0}, and another point (xx (positive tensile), xy (positive downward)
c) construct circle, extended line joining the center and point is positive x-axis with =0
d) two points of intersection of the circle on -axis represent 1, and 2, the principal stresses
e) the angle 2p1 is measured ccw from x=0 line up to 1 point, element orientation = p1
f) p2 will be (900 + p1 ) ccw from x=0 line and s1 and s2 determined the same way

61

What is/are true of cylinders or spherical vessels used in industry as boilers or tanks?
a) under pressure the material is subjected to loading from all directions
b) thin wall signifies r/t ratio of >=10.
c) the stress distribution in a thin wall does not vary significantly across thickness
d) the pressure used for computation is the gage pressure (over & above atmospheric pressure)
e) larger hoop stress acts in circumferential direction, smaller longitudinal stress in axial dir.

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f)

element of material from vessel is subjected to bi-axial state of stress, since the 3 rd and radial
stress 3max = p is small

62

Which of the following is/are true of beams subjected to transverse shear?

a) shear forces in beams cause nonlinear shear-strain on X-section causing it to warp
b) due to complementary property of shear stress, the shear stress developed in beam acts on
both the X-section and the longitudinal planes
c) shear formula is derived considering horizontal force equilibrium of the longitudinal shear
stress and bending stress distributions acting on a differential segment of the beam
d) the shear formula is to be used on straight prismatic bars, homogenous material, linear elastic
behavior and not for flat or flat X-sections and abrupt changes in X-section

63

The shear formula is applied using following procedure?

a) section the member at the point where shear stress is required and obtain shear force V
b) determine the location of neutral axis and determine moment of inertia of X-section about it
c) pass an imaginary horizontal section through the point and determine the width t of x-section
d) compute Q, the moment of the area of x-section lying above the stated horizontal section
e) use the formula VQ/It to compute shear stress at the required point

64

Which of the following is/are true of the stress concentration?

a) occurs at x-sectional changes, notches, holes because stress/strain become nonlinear
b) for design it is not necessary to know the exact stress at (a) but the maximum normal stress at
the smallest x-section and a stress concentration factor Fig. 6-48, 6-49 page 334 of book
c) stress concentration in ductile material subjected to a static moment need not be considered
but for brittle material subjected to fatigue stress concentration is important
d) stress concentration factor is determined through experiments and depends only on geometry

65

Which is/are true of composite beams?

a) composite beams are made from different materials in order to efficiently carry a load
b) application of the flexure formula requires the material to be homogeneous and so the xsection of the beam must be transformed into a single material to use the formula
c) transformation factor is a ratio of modulii of the different materials that make up the beam
d) stiff material must be replaced by more softer of the two and vice versa
e) once the stress in the transformed section is determined, it must be multiplied by the
transformation factor to obtain stress in the actual beam

66

Which is/are true of unsymmetrical bending?

a) the flexure formula can be applied only when bending occurs about the axes that represent the
principal axes of inertia for the x-section
b) these axes have their origin at the centroid and are oriented along an axis of symmetry, if there
is one and perpendicular to it
c) if moment is applied about an arbitrary axis, then it must be resolved into components along
each of the principal axes, and the stress is determined by superposition

67

Which is/are true of flexure formula?

a) x-sections of the beam remain plane after bending causing tensile/compressive stresses
b) neutral axis is subjected to zero stress
c) longitudinal strain varies linearly from zero at the neutral axis to a maximum at the outer
fibers
d) for linear elastic material neutral axis always passes through the centroid of the x-section and
this conclusion is based on the idea that the resultant normal force on x-section=0
e) flexure formula is based on the requirement that the resultant moment on the x-section
=moment produced by the linear normal stress distribution about the neutral axis

68

Which is/are true of the use of flexure formula to determine bending stresses?
a) section the member where bending stress is required and obtain bending moment

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b)
c)
d)
e)

the neutral axis must be known and bending moment is to be determined about that axis
for maximum bending stress obtain the maximum bending moment
determine the moment of inertia of the x-sectional area about the neutral axis
use parallel axis theorem wherever required and use y as the distance of the fiber

69

Which is/are true of statically indeterminate shafts?

a) unknown torques are determined by satisfying equilibrium, compatibility, and torque
displacement requirements for the shaft
b) draw FBD of the shaft, identify acting torques and write moment equilibrium equations
c) to write compatibility equation, investigate the way the shaft will twist when subjected to the
external loads, consider how the supports constrain the shaft when it is twisted
d) express the compatibility in terms of rotational displacements, use torque displacement
relations and solve for unknowns, negative values means change the direction of torque

70

What is/are true of determining the total angular twist in a shaft subjected to several torques?
a) express varying torque as a function of x
b) divide the shaft into segments if several constants torques are applied
c) express polar moments of x-section as a function of x
d) for sudden changes in x-section use summation and not integration
e) apply correct sign convention for algebraic summation

71

What is/are true of a circular section subjected to uniform torque?

a) x-sections remain plane while the radial lines rotate
b) the shear strain thus caused in the material varies linearly along radial line with zero at center
c) for linearly elastic material shear stress also varies linearly along radial line
d) complementary property of shear stress causes distribution of shear stress in axial direction
e) torsion formula is based on the requirement that resultant torque is balanced by torque
produced by shear stress distribution about the longitudinal axis of the shaft

72

What is/are the requirements for the application of superposition theorem in axial loads?
a) the loading must be linearly related to the stress or displacement that is to be determined
b) the loading must not significantly change the original geometry or configuration of the
member
c) the resultant stress or displacement at the point can be determined by algebraic summation of
the stress or displacement caused by each component loads acting separately
d) an exception to this rule is columns when the load exceeds critical load

73

What is/are true of the mechanics of materials?

a) engineering stress and strain are calculated using original x-sections and gage length
b) conventional stress-strain relationship is regardless of physical shape or size of material
c) ductility is specified by %ge elongation
d) strain hardening increases yield strength, reduces ductility but E remains same
e) strain energy is the energy stored in the material due to deformation

74

What is/are true of strain?

a) state of strain at a point is characterized by six strain components depending upon the
orientation of the line segments and their location in the body
b) strain is the geometric quantity that is measured using experimental techniques
c) strain gages are used to measure normal strain only and not shear strain
d) in most engineering materials, the normal strain <<1 small strain analysis

75

What is/are true of strain?

a) normal strain is a measure of the elongation or contraction of a small line segment in the body
b) shear strain is a measure of the change in angle that occurs between two small line segments
that were originally perpendicular to one another
c) strain gages can measure shear strain also

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d) we do not require shear strain at all
76

What is/are true of stress?

a) design of a stress member is based on allowable stress supplemented by factor of safety
b) there are 6 stress components in general and 3 stress components in plane stress
c) stress is internal resistance in the material per unit area
d) shear stress acts parallel to the x-section and normal stress acts perpendicular

77

What is/are true of stress?

a) for uniform load the internal load must pass through the centroid of the x-section
b) we will be more interested in stress, load intensity than internal load
c) we use equations of equilibrium to determine stress
d) free body diagram considers equilibrium of the section cut

78

What is/are true about moment of inertia of a x-section?

a) moment of inertia is a measure of the capacity of x-section to resist particular load
b) for normal loads and shear loads it is just the area of x-section
c) for bending loads it is the 2nd moment of area about the bending or neutral axis
d) for torsion loads it is the polar moment of inertia

79

What is/are true of numerical analysis such as finite element solution?

a) formulas derived thus far can not be used for complex geometry and loading
b) experimental methods are possible but they are time consuming and less practical
c) finite element packages are general purpose and can be used to solve structural, thermal, or
even fluid problems since the governing differential equations are the same
d) hybrid methods using numerical and experimental methods are also possible