DEPARTMENT OF

ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

LAB MANUAL
MICROPROCESSOR & INTERFACING LAB
III - B. Tech., II - Semester

PRASAD V POTLURI
SIDDHARTHA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
(Autonomous, Accredited by NBA & NAAC, an ISO 9001:2008 certified institution)
(Sponsored by Siddhartha Academy of General & Technical Education)

VIJAYAWADA 520 007,

ANDHRA PRADESH

MICROPROCESSOR & INTERFACING LAB

1. Introduction to MASM/TASM/Debugger
2. Arithmetic operation Multi byte Addition and Subtraction, Multiplication and Division
Signed and unsigned Arithmetic operation, ASCII arithmetic operation.
3. Logic operations Shift and rotate Converting packed BCD to unpacked BCD, BCD to
ASCII conversion.
4. String operation and Instruction prefix: Move Block, Reverse string, Inserting, Deleting,
Length of the string, String comparison, Implement various sorting algorithms.
5. DOS/BIOS programming: Reading keyboard (Buffered with and without echo) Display
characters, Strings.

II. Interfacing:

1. 8259 interrupt controller: generate an interrupt using 8259 timer.

2. 8279 Keyboard Display: Write a small program to display a string of characters.
3. 8255 PPI: write ALP to generate sinusoidal wave using PPI.
4. 8251 USART: Write a program in ALP to establish Communication between two
processors.

Microcontrollers:
1. Reading and writing on a parallel port
2. Timer in different modes
3. Serial communication implementation

1. Introduction to MASM /TASM

MASM: (Microsoft assembler)
To Create Source File: An editor is a program which allows you to create a file containing the
assembly language statements for your program. This file is called a source file.
Command to create a source file
C:\MASM\BIN> Edit filename. asm
The next step is to process the source file with an assembler. When you run the assembler, it
reads the source file of your program. On the first pass through the source program, the assembler
determines the displacement of named data items, the offset labels, etc. and puts this information
in a symbol table. On the second pass through the source program the assembler produces the
binary code for each instruction and inserts the offsets, etc. that it calculated during first pass.
C:\MASM\BIN > Masm filename. asm X, Y, Z
With this command assembler generates three files.
1. The first file (X) called the object file, is given the extension .OBJ
The object file contains the binary codes for the instructions and
Information about the addresses of the instructions.
2. The second file (Y) generated by the assembler is called the assembler list file and is given the
extension .LST. The list file contains your assembly language statements, the binary codes for
each instruction and the offset for each instruction.
3. The third file (Z) generated by this assembler is called the cross-reference file and is given the
extension .CRF. The cross-reference file lists all labels and pertinent information required for
cross referencing
NOTE : The Assembler only finds syntax errors : It will not tell you whether
program does what it is supposed to do. To determine whether your
program works, you have to run the program and test it.
Next step is to process the object file with linker.
C:\MASM\BIN>LINK filename. obj
Run File [Filename1.exe]: filename1.exe
Lists file [nul.map]: NUL
Libraries [.lib] : library_name
Definitions File [ nul.def] :
Creation of Library: Refer Modular Programming Section
A Linker is a program used to join several object files into one layer object file
NOTE: On IBM PC type Computers, You must run the LINK program on your .OBJ file even
if it contains only one assembly module.
The linker produces a link file with the .EXE extension (an execution file)
Next Run C:\MASM\BIN> filename
TASM: (Turbo Assembler)

To Create Source File : An editor is a program which allows you to create a file containing the
assembly language statements for your program. This file is called a source file.
Command to create a source file
C:\TASM\BIN> Edit filename. Asm
The next step is to process the source file with an assembler. When you run the assembler, it
reads the source file of your program. On the first pass through the source program, the assembler
determines the displacement of named data items, the offset labels, etc. and puts this information
in a symbol table. On the second pass through the source program the assembler produces the
binary code for each instruction and inserts the offsets, etc. that it calculated during first pass.
C:\TASM\BIN > TASM filename. asm X, Y, Z
With this command assembler generates three files.

4. The first file (X) called the object file, is given the extension .OBJ
The object file contains the binary codes for the instructions and information about the addresses of the instructions.

5. The second file (Y) generated by the assembler is called the assembler list file and is given the
extension .LST. The list file contains your assembly language
statements, the binary codes for each instruction and the offset for each instruction.
6. The third file (Z) generated by this assembler is called the cross-reference file and is given the
extension .CRF. The cross-reference file lists all labels and pertinent information required for
cross referencing
NOTE: The Assembler only finds syntax errors : It will not tell you whether
program does what it is supposed to do. To determine whether your
program works, you have to run the program and test it.
Next step is to process the object file with linker.
C:\TASM\BIN>TLINK filename . obj
A Linker is a program used to join several object files into one layer object file
NOTE: On IBM PC type Computers, You must run the LINK program on your .OBJ file even
if it contains only one assembly module.
The linker produces a link file with the .EXE extension (an execution file)
Next Run
C:\TASM\BIN> TD filename.exe

Assembly Language Program Format:

The assembler uses two basic formats for developing S/W
a) One method uses MODELS and
b) Other uses Full-Segment Definitions
* The models are easier to use for simple tasks.
* The full segment definitions offer better control over the assembly language
task and are recommended for complex programs.

a) Format using Models:

; ABSTRACT ; 8086 program
; Aim of Program
; REGISTERS ; Registers used in your program
; PORTS ; PORTS used in your program
. MODEL (type of model i.e. size of memory system)

FOR EXAMPLE
. MODEL SMALL
. STACK size of stack ; define stack
. DATA ; define data segment
-----------Define variables
----------. CODE ; define code segment s
HERE : MOV AX, @DATA ; load ES,DS
MOV ES, AX
MOV DS, AX
-------------------------

. EXIT 0 ; exit to DOS

END HERE
(or)
We can write Code segment as follows.
. CODE ; Define Code Segment
. STARTUP
---------EXIT 0
END

2. Multi Byte Operations

Aim: To perform multi byte operation addition, subtraction using debugger
Apparatus: A PC with a debugger
Adding two multi byte numbers and store the result as the third number:
DATA SEGMENT
BYTES EQU 08H
NUM1 DB 05H, 5AH, 6CH, 55H, 66H, 77H, 34H, 12H
NUM2 DB 04H, 56H, 04H, 57H, 32H, 12H, 19H, 13H
NUM3 DB 0AH DUP (00)
DATA ENDS
CODE SEGMENT
ASSUME CS: CODE, DS: DATA
START: MOV AX, DATA
MOV DS, AX
MOV CX, BYTES
LEA SI, NUM1
LEA DI, NUM2
LEA BX, NUM3
MOV AX, 00
NEXT: MOV AL, [SI]
ADC AL, [DI]
MOV [BX], AL
INC SI
INC DI
INC BX
DEC CX
JNZ NEXT
INT 3H
CODE ENDS
END START

Subtracting two multi byte numbers and store the result as the third number:
DATA SEGMENT
BYTES EQU 08H
NUM2 DB 05H, 5AH, 6CH, 55H, 66H, 77H, 34H, 12H
NUM1 DB 04H, 56H, 04H, 57H, 32H, 12H, 19H, 13H
NUM3 DB 0AH DUP (00)
DATA ENDS
CODE SEGMENT
ASSUME CS: CODE, DS: DATA
START: MOV AX, DATA
MOV DS, AX
MOV CX, BYTES
LEA SI, NUM1
LEA DI, NUM2
LEA BX, NUM3
MOV AX, 00
NEXT: MOV AL, [SI]
SBB AL, [DI]
MOV [BX], AL
INC SI
INC DI
INC BX
DEC CX
JNZ NEXT
INT 3H
CODE ENDS

Multiplying two multi byte numbers and store the result as the third number:
DATA SEGMENT
BYTES EQU 08H
NUM1 DB 05H, 5AH, 6CH, 55H, 66H, 77H, 34H, 12H
NUM2 DB 04H, 56H, 04H, 57H, 32H, 12H, 19H, 13H
NUM3 DB 0AH DUP (00)
DATA ENDS
CODE SEGMENT
ASSUME CS: CODE, DS: DATA
START: MOV AX, DATA
MOV DS, AX
MOV CX, BYTES
LEA SI, NUM1
LEA DI, NUM2
LEA BX, NUM3
MOV AX, 00
NEXT: MOV AL, [SI]
MOV DL,[DI]
MUL DL
MOV [BX], AL
MOV [BX+1], AH
INC SI
INC DI
INC BX
INC BX
DEC CX
JNZ NEXT
INT 3H
CODE ENDS
END START

Dividing two multi byte numbers and store the result as the third number:
DATA SEGMENT
BYTES EQU 08H
NUM2 DB 05H, 5AH, 6CH, 55H, 66H, 77H, 34H, 12H
NUM1 DB 04H, 56H, 04H, 57H, 32H, 12H, 19H, 13H
NUM3 DB 0AH DUP (00)
DATA ENDS
CODE SEGMENT
ASSUME CS: CODE, DS: DATA
START: MOV AX, DATA
MOV DS, AX
MOV CX, BYTES
LEA SI, NUM1
LEA DI, NUM2
LEA BX, NUM3
NEXT: MOV AX, 00
MOV AL, [SI]
MOV DL, [DI]
MUL DL
MOV [BX], AL
MOV [BX+1], AH
INC SI
INC DI
INC BX
INC BX
DEC CX
JNZ NEXT
INT 3H
CODE ENDS

Addition of two UNSIGNED Operands:

ASSUME CS: CODE, DS: DATA
DATA SEGMENT
N1 DW 4269H
N2 DW 1000H
RES DW 0H
DATA ENDS
CODE SGMENT
START
MOV AX, DATA
MOV DS, AX
MOV AX, N1
MOV AX, N2
ADD AX, N2
MOV RES, AX
INT 03H
CODE ENDS
END START
END
Addition of two SIGNED Operands:
ASSUME CS: CODE, DS: DATA
DATA SEGMENT
N1 DW 9763H
N2 DW 0A973H
RES DW 0H
DATA ENDS
CODE SGMENT
START
MOV AX, DATA
MOV DS, AX
MOV AX, N1
ADC AX, N2
MOV RES, AX
INT 03H
CODE ENDS
END START
END

Subtraction of two UNSIGNED Operands:

ASSUME CS: CODE, DS: DATA
DATA SEGMENT
N1 DW 4269H
N2 DW 1000H
RES DW 0H
DATA ENDS
CODE SGMENT
START:
MOV AX, DATA
MOV DS, AX
MOV AX, N1
SUB AX, N2
MOV RES, AX
INT 03H
CODE ENDS
END START
END
Subtraction of two SIGNED Operands:
ASSUME CS: CODE, DS: DATA
DATA SEGMENT
N1 DW 9763H
N2 DW 00973H
RES DW 0H
DATA ENDS
CODE SGMENT
START
MOV AX, DATA
MOV DS, AX
MOV AX, N1
SBB AX, N2
MOV RES, AX
INT 03H
CODE ENDS
END START
END

ASCII ARTHEMATIC OPERATIONS

AIM: To write a program to perform arithmetic operation on ASCII numbers.
SOFTWARE REQUIRED: A PC with TASM software
Procedure:
1) Open command prompt from start menu.
2) Enter drive name in which the TASM software is being saved. (Make sure of drive in
which TASM is present).
3) Now drive name will be changed to the corresponding drive entered.
4) Enter CD TASM
Ex: E:/CD TASM
5) Enter edit filename.asm
6) Opens a TASM window saved with the specified name.
7) Now enter the program, save and exit
8) In the command prompt window enter TASM filename.asm
9) The above step is to check if there are any errors in the program.
10) Next in the command prompt enter TLINK filename to check the stack address.
11) Enter TD filename to execute the program.
12) A window is opened where result can be viewed.
13) Go to run menu and select run or press F9 to run the program.
14) Display the code segment along with program and machine code.
15) Result is obtained on the right side of window.

ASCII Addition:
CODE SEGMENT
ASSUME CS: CODE
START: MOV AL,5
MOV BL,9
ADD AL, BL
AAA
OR AX, 3030H
INT 3H
CODE ENDS
END START

ASCII Subtraction:
CODE SEGMENT
ASSUME CS: CODE
START: MOV AL,9
MOV BL,5
SUB AL, BL
AAS
OR AX, 3030H
INT 3H
CODE ENDS
END START

ASCII Multiplication:
CODE SEGMENT
ASSUME CS: CODE
START: MOV AL, 5
MOV BL, 9
MUL BL
AAM
OR AX, 3030H
INT 3H
CODE ENDS
END START

ASCII Division:
CODE SEGMENT
ASSUME CS: CODE
START: MOV AX, 0607H
MOV CH, 09H
AAD
DIV CH
OR AX, 3030H
INT 3H
CODE ENDS
END START

3. LOGIC OPERATIONS - SHIFT AND ROTATE

OPERATIONS
Aim: To perform the rotate and shift operations using TASM software.
Software Required: A pc with TASM software.
Apparatus: A PC with a debugger
Shift Right:
CODE SEGMENT
ASSUME CS: CODE
START: MOV AX, 1234H
MOV CL, 04H
SHR AX, CL
INT 03H
CODE ENDS
END START
END
Shift Left:
CODE SEGMENT
ASSUME CS: CODE
START: MOV AX, 1234H
MOV CL, 04H
SHL AX, CL
INT 03H
CODE ENDS
END START
END
Rotate Right Without Carry:
CODE SEGMENT
ASSUME CS: CODE
START: MOV AX, 1234H
MOV CL, 04H
ROR AX, CL
INT 03H
CODE ENDS
END START
END

Rotate Left Without Carry:

CODE SEGMENT
ASSUME CS: CODE
START: MOV AX, 1234H
MOV CL, 04H
ROL AX, CL
INT 03H
CODE ENDS
END START
END

Rotate Right With Carry:

CODE SEGMENT
ASSUME CS: CODE
START: MOV AX, 1234H
MOV CL, 04H
RCR AX, CL
INT 03H
CODE ENDS
END START
END

Rotate Left With Carry:

CODE SEGMENT
ASSUME CS: CODE
START: MOV AX, 1234H
MOV CL, 04H
RCL AX, CL
INT 03H
CODE ENDS
END START
END

LOGICAL OPERATIONS
Aim: To perform logical AND, OR, XOR, and NOT operations.
Apparatus: PC loaded with TASM software.
Procedure:
1) Open command prompt from start menu.
2) Enter drive name in which the TASM software is being saved. (Make sure of drive in
which TASM is present).
3) Now drive name will be changed to the corresponding drive entered.
4) Enter CD TASM
Ex: E:/CD TASM
5) Enter edit filename.asm
6) Opens a TASM window saved with the specified name.
7) Now enter the program, save and exit
8) In the command prompt window enter TASM filename.asm
9) The above step is to check if there are any errors in the program.
10) Next in the command prompt enter TLINK filename to check the stack address.
11) Enter TD filename to execute the program.
12) A window is opened where result can be viewed.
13) Go to run menu and select run or press F9 to run the program.
14) Display the code segment along with program and machine code.
15) Result is obtained on the right side of window.
LOGICAL AND:
CODE SEGMENT
ASSUME CS: CODE
START: MOV AL, 85H
MOV BL, 99H
AND AL, BL
INT 3H
CODE ENDS
END START
END

LOGICAL OR:
CODE SEGMENT
ASSUME CS: CODE
START: MOV AL, 85H
MOV BL, 99H
OR AL, BL
INT 3H
CODE ENDS
END START
END

LOGICAL NOT:
CODE SEGMENT
ASSUME CS: CODE
START: MOV AL, 85H
NOT AL
INT 3H
CODE ENDS
END START
END

LOGICAL XOR:
CODE SEGMENT
ASSUME CS: CODE
START: MOV AL, 85H
MOV BL, 99H
XOR AL, BL
INT 3H
CODE ENDS
END START
END

PACKED BCD TO UNPACKED & BCD TO ASCII

Aim: To perform conversion operations, convert packed BCD to UNPACKED BCD
Apparatus: PC loaded with TASM software.
Converting Packed BCD to unpacked BCD:
DATA SEGMENT
NUM DB 45H
DATA ENDS
CODE SEGMENT
ASSUME CS: CODE, DS: DATA
START: MOV AX, DATA
MOV DS, AX
MOV AX, NUM
MOV AH, AL
MOV CL, 4
SHR AH, CL
AND AX, 0F0FH
INT 3H
CODE ENDS
END START
END
Converting BCD to ASCII:
DATA SEGMENT
NUM DB 45H
DATA ENDS
CODE SEGMENT
ASSUME CS: CODE, DS: DATA
START: MOV AX, DATA
MOV DS, AX
MOV AX, NUM
MOV AH, AL
MOV CL, 4
SHR AH, CL
AND AX, 0F0FH
OR AX, 3030H
INT 3H
CODE ENDS
END START
END

4. STRING OPERATIONS
Aim: To perform string operations such as moving, reversing, comparison, insertion and
deletion.

Apparatus: PC with TASM software.

Moving a Block using strings
DATA SEGMENT
SRC DB MICROPROCESSOR
DB 10 DUP (?)
DST DB 20 DUP (0)
DATA ENDS
CODE SEGMENT
ASSUME CS: CODE, DS: DATA, ES: DATA
START: MOV AX, DATA
MOV DS, AX
MOV ES, AX
LEA SI, SRC
LEA DI, DST
MOV CX, 20
CLD
REP MOVSB
INT 3H
CODE ENDS
END START
END
String reversal
DATA SEGMENT
ORG 2000H
SRC DB MICROPROCESSOR$
COUNT EQU ($-SRC)
DEST DB?
DATA ENDS
CODE SEGMENT
ASSUME CS: CODE, DS: DATA
START: MOV AX, DATA
MOV DS, AX
MOV CX, COUNT
LEA SI, SRC
LEA DI, DEST
ADD SI, CX
DEC CX
BACK: MOV AL, [SI]
MOV [DI], AL
DEC SI

INC DI
DEC CX
JNZ BACK
INT 3H
CODE ENDS
END START
Comparison of two Strings
PRINTSTRING MACRO MSG
MOV AH, 09H
LEA DX, MSG
INT 21H
ENDM
DATA SEGMENT
ORG 2000H
STR1 DB MICROPROCESSORS
LEN EQU ($-STR1)
STR2 DB MICROPROCSSOR
M1 DB STRINGS R EQUAL$
M2 DB STRINGS R NOT EQUAL$
DATA ENDS
CODE SEGMENT
ASSUME CS: CODE, DS: DATA, ES: DATA
START: MOV AX, DATA
MOV DS, AX
MOV ES, AX
LEA SI, STR1
LEA DI, STR2
MOV CX, LEN
CLD
REPE CMPSB
JNE FAIL
PRINTSTRING M1
INT 3H
FAIL: PRINTSTRING M2
INT 3H
CODE ENDS
END START
Length of the String:
DATA SEGMENT
STRA DB WELCOME, $
LENG DW 1 DUP (00H)
DATA ENDS
CODE SEGMENT
ASSUME CS: CODE, DS: DATA
START: MOV AX, DATA
MOV DS, AX

MOV AL, $
MOV CX, 000H
LEA SI, STRA
BACK: CMP AL, [SI]
JZ GO
INC CX
INC SI
JNZ BACK
GO: MOV LENG, CX
INT 03H
CODE ENDS
END START
END
STRING INSERTION:
DATA SEGMENT
STRA DB EMPTY VESSELS MORE NOISE, $
COUNT EQU [$-STRA]
DATA ENDS
EXTRA SEGMENT
ORG 2000H
STRB DB COUNT+5 DUP (00)
EXTRA ENDS
CODE SEGMENT
ASSUME CS: CODE, DS: DATA, ES: EXTRA
START: MOV AX, DATA
MOV DS, AX
MOV AX, EXTRA
MOV ES, AX
LEA SI, STRA
LEA DI, STRB
MOV CX, OEH
CLP
REP MOV SB
MOV DL, 05H
BACK: MOV AH, O1H
INT 21H
STOS STRB
DEC DL
JNZ BACK
MOV CX, OAH
REP MOV SB
INT 03H
CODE ENDS END START
END

STRING DELETION:
DATA SEGMENT
STRA DB EMPTY VESSELS MORE NOISE, $
COUNT EQU [$-STRA]
DATA ENDS
EXTRA SEGMENT
ORG 2000H
STRB DB COUNT-5 DUP (00)
EXTRA ENDS
CODE SEGMENT
ASSUME CS: CODE, DS: DATA, ES: EXTRA
START: MOV AX, DATA
MOV DS, AX
MOV AX, EXTRA
MOV ES, AX
LEA SI, STRA
LEA DI, STRB
MOV CX, OEH
CLP
REP MOV SB
MOV SI, 0012H
MOV CX, 0012H
REP MOV SB
INT 03H
CODE ENDS
END START
END

SORTING
Aim: To write a program for sorting the numbers in
a) Ascending Order
b) Descending Order
Software Required: A PC with TASM software.
Program for Sorting in Ascending Order:
DATA SEGMENT
STRA DB 54H, 99H, 23H, 90H, 11H
COUNT EQU 0004H
DATA ENDS
CODE SEGMENT
ASSUME: CS: CODE, DS: DATA
START:
MOV AX, DATA
MOV DS, AX
L3: MOV BX, CX
LEA SI, STRA
MOV DI, SI
ADD DI, 0001H
L2:
MOV AL, [SI]
CMP AL, [01]
JC L1
XCHG AL, [DI]
MOV [SI], AL
L1: INC SI
INC DI
DEC BX
JNZ L2
LOOP L3
INT 03H
CODE ENDS
END START
END

Program for Sorting in Descending Order:

DATA SEGMENT
STRA DB 54H, 99H, 23H, 90H, 11H
COUNT EQU 0004H
DATA ENDS
CODE SEGMENT
ASSUME: CS: CODE, DS: DATA
START:
MOV AX, DATA
MOV DS, AX
MOV CX, COUNT
L3: MOV BX, CX
LEA SI, STRA
MOV DI, SI
ADD DI, 0001H
L2:
MOV AL, [SI]
CMP AL, [01]
JNC L1
XCHG AL, [DI]
MOV [SI], AL
L1: INC SI
INC DI
DEC BX
JNZ L2
LOOP L3
INT 03H
CODE ENDS
END START
END

5. DOS AND BIOS Programming

DOS (Disk operating System), BIOS (Basic I/O System) are used by assembly language to
control the personal computer. The function calls control the personal computer .The function
calls control everything from reading and writing disk data to managing the keyboard and
displays.
DOS Function Calls: - In order to use DOS function calls, always place function number into
register AH, and load other information into registers. Following is INT 21H, which is software
interrupt to execute a DOS function.
All function calls use INT 21H, and AH contains function call number.
User can access the hardware of PC using DOS subroutine .DOS subroutines are invoked or
called via software interrupt INT 21H.
BIOS Function Calls: - In addition to DOS Function call INT 21H, some other BIOS function
calls are useful in controlling the I/O environment of a computer. BIOS function calls are found
stored in the system and video BIOS ROMs. These BIOS ROM functions directly control the I/O
devices with or without DOS loaded into a system.
INT 10H: - The INT 10H BIOS interrupt is often called the video services interrupt because it
directly controls the video display in a system .The INT 10H instruction uses AH to select the
video service provided by this interrupt.
INT 11H: - This function is used to determine the type of equipment installed in the system.
INT 12H: - The memory size is returned by the INT 12 H instruction.
INT 13H: - This call controls the diskettes, and also fixed or hard disk drives attached to the
system.
DOS FUNCTIONS:
Reading a key with an echo: To read and echo a character, the AH is loaded with DOS function
number 01H. This is followed by the INT 21H instruction. Upon return from the INT 21H, the
AL register contains the ASCII character typed; the video display also shows the typed character.
Reading a key without an echo: To read a key without an Echo the AH register is loaded with
DOS function number 06H and DL=0FFH to indicate that the function call will read the key
board an echo.
Read an entire line with an echo: Sometimes it is advantageous to read an entire line of data
with one function call. Function call number 0AH reads entire line of information up to 255
characters from the keyboard. It continues to acquire keyboard data until it either enter key (0DH)
is typed or the character count expires.
Writing to video display: With almost any program, data must be displayed on the video
display. We use functions 02H or 06H for displaying one character at a time or function 09H for
displaying an entire string of characters. Because function 02H and 06H are identical, we intend
to use function 06H because it is also used to read a key. The character string can be of any length
and may contain control characters such as carriage return (0DH) and line feed (0AH).
Terminate a process: To terminate a process the AH register is loaded with function value 4CH.
This function returns control to DOS with the error code saved.

DOS / BIOS Programming

FUNCTION CALLS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE IN AH REGISTER
PROGRAM WITH ECHO DOS FUNCTION:
DATA SEGMENT
MSG DB ENTER CHARACTERS FROM KEYBOARD<#TO END>, $
DATA ENDS
CODE SEGMENT
ASSUME CS: CODE, DS: DATA
START:
MOV AX, DATA
MOV DS, AX
MOV AH, 09H
MOV DX, OFFSET MSG
INT 21H
NEXT:
MOV AH, 08H
INT 21H
; MOV AH, 02H
; MOV DL, AL
; INT 21H
CMP AL, #
JNE NEXT
MOV, 4CH
MOV AL, 00H
INT 21H
CODE ENDS
END START
END
PROGRAM with Echo
DATA SEGMENT
MSG DB ENTER CHARACTERS FROM KEYBOARD<#TO END>, $
DATA ENDS
CODE SEGMENT
ASSUME CS: CODE, DS: DATA
START:
MOV AX, DATA
MOV DS, AX
MOV AH, 09H
MOV DX, OFFSET MSG
INT 21H
NEXT:
MOV AH, 01H
INT 21H
CMP AL, #
JNE NEXT
MOV, 4CH
MOV AL, 00H
INT 21H
CODE ENDS
END START
END

PART B
INTERFACING
8259 INTERRUPT CONTROLLER
AIM: - To perform the interrupt for 8086 microprocessor using study card 8259
(Programmable Interrupt Controller)
APPARATUS: -

ESA 8086 Microprocessor System

8259 Study Card
Power Supply

PROGRAM: ADDRESS OPCODE

2000

LABEL

MNEMONIC
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
ADD
MOV
MOV
ADD
MOV
MOV
ADD
MOV
MOV
ADD
MOV
MOV
ADD
MOV
MOV
ADD
MOV
MOV
ADD
MOV
MOV
ADD
MOV
MOV
ADD
MOV
MOV
ADD

OPERAND
AX,0000H
CS,AX
ES,AX
SS,AX
SP,3000
SI,0120
AX,2200
[SI],AX
SI,02
AX,0000
[SI],AX
SI,02
AX,2210
[SI],AX
SI,02
AX,0000
[SI],AX
SI,02
AX,2220
[SI],AX
SI,02
AX,0000
[SI],AX
SI,02
AX,2230
[SI],AX
SI,02
AX,0000
[SI],AX
SI,02
AX,2240
[SI],AX
SI,02
AX,0000
[SI],AX
SI,02

HERE:
2200

2210

2220

2230

2240

MOV
MOV
ADD
MOV
MOV
ADD
MOV
MOV
ADD
MOV
MOV
ADD
MOV
MOV
ADD
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
OUT
MOV
MOV
OUT
MOV
OUT
MOV
OUT
STI
JMP
CLI
LEA
JMP
INT
CLI
LEA
JMP
INT
CLI
LEA
JMP
INT
CLI
LEA
JMP
INT
CLI

AX,2250
[SI],AX
SI,02
AX,0000
[SI],AX
SI,02
AX,2260
[SI],AX
SI,02
AX,0000
[SI],AX
SI,02
AX,2270
[SI],AX
SI,02
AX,0000
[SI],AX
DX,0FFC8
AL,17
DX,AL
DX,0FFCA
AL,48
DX,AL
AL,03
DX,AL
AL,00
DX,AL
HERE

DX,@MSG0
DISP
03

DX,@MSG1
DISP
03
DX,@MSG2
DISP
03

DX,@MSG3
DISP
03

2250

2260

2270

2300

DISP:
L1:

LEA
JMP
INT

DX,@MSG4
DISP
03

CLI
LEA
JMP
INT

DX,@MSG5
DISP
03

CLI
LEA
JMP
INT

DX,@MSG6
DISP
03

CLI
LEA
JMP
INT

DX,@MSG7
DISP
03

MOV
MOV
MOV
CALLS
INC
LOOP
ST1
IRET

SI,DX
CX,011
AL,[SI]
0FE00:0000
SI
L1

RESULT: Input: 2100 20 20 0A 49 4E 54

OCCURRED, 0AH, DH
2106 30 20 4F 43 43 55
210C 52 45 44 0A 0D

; MESSAGES FOR ISRs

MSG0: DB 20H 20H 0AH INT0

2111 20 20 0A 49 4E 54
OCCURRED, 0AH, DH
2117 31 20 4F 43 43 55
211D 52 45 44 0A 0D

MSG1: DB 20H 20H 0AH INT1

2122 20 20 0A 49 4E 54
OCCURRED, 0AH, DH
2128 32 20 4F 43 43 55
212E 52 45 44 0A 0D

MSG2: DB 20H 20H 0AH INT2

2133 20 20 0A 49 4E 54
OCCURRED, 0AH, DH
2139 33 20 4F 43 43 55

MSG3: DB 20H 20H 0AH INT3

213F 52 45 44 0A 0D
2144 20 20 0A 49 4E 54
OCCURRED, 0AH, DH
214A 34 20 4F 43 43 55
2150 52 45 44 0A 0D

MSG4: DB 20H 20H 0AH INT4

2155 20 20 0A 49 4E 54
OCCURRED, 0AH, DH
215B 35 20 4F 43 43 55
2161 52 45 44 0A 0D

MSG5: DB 20H 20H 0AH INT5

2166 20 20 0A 49 4E 54
OCCURRED, 0AH, DH
216C 36 20 4F 43 43 55
2172 52 45 44 0A 0D

MSG6: DB 20H 20H 0AH INT6

2177 20 20 0A 49 4E 54
OCCURRED, 0AH, DH
217D 37 20 4F 43 43 55
2183 52 45 44 0A 0D

MSG7: DB 20H 200H 0AH INT7

Output: -

8255 - PPI
AIM: - To generate sinusoidal wave using 8255 PPI
APPARATUS: -

ESA 8086 Microprocessor kit

Keyboard
Power Supply

PROGRAM: ADDRESS OPCODE

LABEL

L7
L1 :

L2

L3 :

L4 :

L5

L6 :

MNEMONIC
MOV
MOV
OUT
MOV
MOV
OUT
INC
CMP
JB
MOV
OUT
INC
INC
INC
CMP
JB
MOV
OUT
INC
CMP
JB
MOV
OUT
DEC
CMP
JNBE
MOV
OUT
DEC
DEC
DEC
CMP
JNBE
MOV
OUT

OPERAND
DX, FFE6H
AL,80
DX , AL
AL ,00
DX , FFE0
DX , AL
AL
AL , 0F
L1
DX , FFE0
DX , AL
AL
AL
AL
AL , EF
L2
FFE0
DX , AL
AL
AL , FF
L3
DX , FFE0
DX , AL
AL
AL , EF
L4
DX , FFE0
DX , AL
AL
AL
AL
AL , 0F
L5
DX , FFE0
DX, AL

DEC
CMP
JNBE
JMP

OUTPUT:

AL
AL , 00
L6
L7

8251- USART
AIM: - To generate sinusoidal wave using 8255 PPI
APPARATUS: -

ESA 8086 Microprocessor kit

Keyboard
Power Supply

PROGRAM FOR TRANSMITTER:

ADDRESS OPCODE

LABEL

L1 :

MNEMONIC
MOV
MOV
IN
AND
CMP
JNE
MOV
MOV
OUT
INT

OPERAND
BX , 2000
DX , FFF2
AL , DX
AL , 81
AL , 81
L1
DX , FFF0
AL , [BX ]
DX , AL
03

MOV
IN
AND
JE
MOV
IN
INT

DX , 0FFF2
AL , DX
AL , 02
L1
DX , FFF0
AL , DX
03

PROGRAM FOR RECEIVER:

L1 :

Input:
Output:

READING & WRITING ON A PARALLEL PORT

AIM: - To perform Reading and Writing on a parallel port using 8051.

APPARATUS: -

Micro controller kit

Key Board
Power Supply

ALGORITHM: 1.
2.
3.
4.

Move data from #8050 to DPTR

Routine to
Else go to K.B. prompt
END.

PROGRAM: ADDRESS OPCODE

LABEL

TOP :

RESULT: Input:
Output:

MNEMONIC OPERAND
MOV

A , 0FF

MOV

90 , A

MOV

A , 90

MOV

80 ,A

SJMP

TOP

TIMER IN DIFFERENT MODES

AIM: - To perform the operation of timer in different modes using 8051.
APPARATUS: -

Micro controller kit

Key Board
Power Supply

PROGRAM: ADDRESS OPCODE

LABEL

MNEMONIC OPERAND
MOV

89, #01

MOV

8A,#0F2

MOV

8C,#0FF

CPL

95

ACALL

DELAY

SJMP

WAIT

DELAY :

SETB

8C

HERE :

JNB

8D, HERE

CLR

8C

CLR

8D

WAIT :

RET

RESULT: Input:
Output:

SERIAL COMMUNICATION IMPEMENTATION

AIM: - To perform serial communication between the Master and Slave microprocessor
using 8051 micro controller.
APPARATUS:
8051 Micro controller
Key board
Power supply
THEORY: The serial port is full duplex, meaning it can transmit and receive simultaneously. It is
also receive buffered, meaning it can commence reception of second byte before a previously
received byte has been read from the receive register. The serial port receive and transmit
registers are both accessed at special function register SBUF to SBUF accesses a physically
separate receive register. However, if the first byte still has not been by the time reception of
the second byte is complete, one of the bytes will be last.
OPERATING MODES FOR SERIAL PORT: MODE 0: Serial data enters and exists through RXD, TXD outputs the shift clock. 8 bits are
received/transmitted. The baud rate is fixed at 1/12 the oscillator frequency.
MODE 1: 10 bits are transmitted (through TXD) or received ((through RXD): a start bit (0), 8
(LSB first) bits and a stop bit (1). The baud rate is variable.
MODE2: 11 bits are transmitted (through TXD) or received (through RXD): a start bit (0), 8
bits (LSB first), a 9th data bit and a stop bit (1).
PROGRAMMING 8051 FOR SERIAL DATA TRANSFER: 1. Clear T1 with CLR T1 instruction.
2. Write a character to be sent into SBUF register
3. Check the T1 flag (register) bit with instruction JNB T1, XXXX to see if the character
has been transferred.
4. Go to step 1 to transfer the next character. The baud rate is 1/32 (or) 1/64 the
oscillator frequency.
PROGRAMMING 8051 FOR RECEIVING SERIAL DATA: 1. Clear RI to CLR RI instruction.
2. Check the RI flag bit with instruction JNB, RI, XXXX to see if an entire character has
been transferred.
3. If R1 to see, SBUF has the byte save this byte.
4. Go to step 1 to receive the next character.
PROCEDURE: Connect the master and slave in series and connect them to system. Press EXE MEM,
PROG MEM and then type the starting address of program (i. E. 8000) in master. Press EXE
MEM, PROG MEM and then 8100 in slave. Press EXE MEM, external data and then enter
the data at 9200 in master. Execute the slave first and then master { Press GO 8100 execute in
slave and GO 8000 execute in master}. Then check contents of O/P register for received data
in slave.
PROGRAM FOR MASTER OPERATION: -

ADDRESS OPCODE

LABEL

8000

MNEMONIC OPERAND
LCALL

160E

MOV

DPTR, #9200

MOVX

A, @DPTR

LCALL

160E

NOP
NOP
NOP
NOP

HERE:

INC

DPTR

MOVX

A, @DPTR

LCALL

160E

SJMP

HERE

PROGRAM FOR SLAVE OPERATION: ADDRESS OPCODE

LABEL
MNEMONIC OPERAND
8100

HERE:
Result: Input: - MD 9200
Output: 9200
9201

16
14

LCALL

16E2

MOV

DPTR, #9200

LCALL

16E2

MOVX

@DPTR, A

INC

DPTR

LCALL

16E2

MOVX

@DPTR, A

SJMP

HERE