FOD

MC Medium
contribution

FOD Training/Briefing

Training Manager
Med
+
BEH

Attendance of
equipment at all times

Towing Personnel
Leadman
Med
+
BEH

Uncontaminated
Facilities
Ensure Hangar/
tarmac markings are
not contaminated
Facilities Officer
Med
+
P-HW

Positioning of
Equipment
Equipment (tugs,
towbars, etc. ) must
be placed within
prescribed allocated
parking positions
Towing Personnel
Leadman
High
++
BEH

Equipment

HC High
Contribution

PIV Rules
Implementation
Apply and Implement
Powered Industrial
Vehicle regulations
HSE
High

Appropriate/Approved
equipment
Utilise equipment that
is appropriate for the
a/c and is approved
Operations Manager
Med

++

BEH

P-HW

Equipment SOPs
Establish SOPs
relating to operation
of
equipment /Operation
al Safety
HSE

Equipment
Maintenance
Eliminate Possible
equipment failures by
Total Preventive
Maintenance
Maint
Med

Med

C-HW

ST

Equipment Check
Perform a
condition/functionalit
y check on the
equipment before
using it
Towing Personnel
Leadman
High

Emergency Stop
Procedures
Install equipment
with emergency stop
buttons either on it or
remote and establish
procedures for
enagagement
Eng
High

Positioning of
Equipment
Equipment (tugs,
towbars, etc. ) must
be placed within
prescribed allocated
parking positions
Towing Personnel
Leadman
High

3P

++

BEH

A-HW

BEH

Facilities

HC High
Contribution

Hangar Doors
Hangar doors that can
be secured and can be
fully opened
Manuf
Med
+
A-HW

Facilities Markings
Appropriate and
adequate marking of
facilities to allow for
better spacial
awareness
Facilities Officer
Med
+
P-HW

Hangar Size &

Dimensions
Ensure that the size of
the hangar is
adequate enough to
accommodate the a/c.
No shortage of space
or dimensional
limitations
Manuf
High
++
P-HW

SOPs

HC High
Contribution

A/C Manual
Refer to a/c manual
for specific
requirements
Eng
Med

Appropriate Training
Sufficient training on
SOPs and specific to
a/c type
Training Manager
High

++

ST

BEH

SOP Review
Review the SOPs to
ensure their
applicability and that
personnel is capable
of following them
Operations Manager

Continuous
Improvement
Study towing
incidents and consult
personnel in order to
improve SOPs
Operations Manager
Med

High

BEH

ST

Distractions

MC Medium
contribution

Appropriate
Communication stds &
equipment
Ensure that personnel
is familiar with ICAO
marshalling stds and
is provided with
appropriate
equipment (visibility
jackets, walkie
talkies, on tug alarms,
warning lights, etc.)

Death of humans

HSE
High

Adjust Planning

Emergency Stop

++
ST

Collision with
humans

Adjust planning
accordingly and
commence with
towing
Towing Personnel
Leadman

Skills

Med
HC High
Contribution

Personnel
Qualification
Ensure that the
personnel responsible
for towing is qualified
to do it
Training Manager

Appropriate Training
Sufficient training on
SOPs and specific to
a/c type
Training Manager
High

Med

++

BEH

ST

Continuation/Updatin
g Training

Training Manager

Training Manager
Med

ST

BEH

Towing Personnel
Leadman
High
?
BEH

Towing Personnel
Leadman
High

Fire Extinguisher
Check

Operations Manager
Med

Towing Personnel
Leadman
Med

C-HW

A-HW

Operations Manager
High
++
ST

++

Exposure Time
Limit the time
personnel is exposed
to weather
Operations Manager
Med
?
BEH

Poor Planning

No adherence to
SOPs
Failure to adhere to
SOPs

Personnel

SOPs
Adhere to SOPs at all
times
Operations Manager
High
++
ST

Appropriate Training
Sufficient training on
SOPs and specific to
a/c type
Training Manager
High

Personnel
Authorisation
Ensure that only
authorised personnel
can tow an a/c
Q
High

++

BEH

ST

Personnel
Qualification
Ensure that the
personnel responsible
for towing is qualified
to do it
Training Manager
Med
+
ST

Continuation/Updatin
g Training

Assessment

Updating Training to
adapt to new
regulations, new a/c,
new equipment and
methods

Assessment of
personnel to weigh
strengths and
weakness and adapt
training

Training Manager

Training Manager

Med

Med

Personnel in a/c
Personnel in the a/c
that can actuate the
brakes as and if
required
Towing Personnel
Leadman
High

++

ST

BEH

BEH

A/C Walkers
Adequate number of
personnel walking
around the a/c during
the towing procedure
to reduce blind spots
Towing Personnel
Leadman
Med
+
BEH

Appropriate
Communication stds &
equipment
Ensure that personnel
is familiar with ICAO
marshalling stds and
is provided with
appropriate
equipment (visibility
jackets, walkie
talkies, on tug alarms,
warning lights, etc.)
HSE
High
++
ST

Poor Planning

Inadequated
planning of task

No adherence to
SOPs
Failure to adhere to
SOPs

Poor Weather
Conditions
Weather conditions
may increase
workload and
reduce the
effectivity of
signaling

++
ST

Training Manager
High

Revert to SOPs
Follow recovery SOPs
Towing Personnel
Leadman

MAJ Major
concern
E3 C3 A0 D3
D3 C2 A0 C2

Med
+
ST

++
BEH

Minor Injury of
humans
Adjust Planning
Adjust planning
accordingly and
commence with
towing

Inadequated
planning of task

HC High
Contribution

High

Threat Specific
Training
Training focused on
case scenarios and
circumstances
management

Emergency Stop

Threat Specific
Training

Revert to SOPs

BEH

SOPs
Adhere to SOPs at all
times

Towing Personnel
Leadman

Med
PPE

Emergency Stop
STOP Towing
immediately

Med

Adverse Weather

Wear Personal
Protective Equipment
when faced with poor
weather conditions

+
ST

++

BEH

Towing Personnel
Leadman

Weather Forecast

E5 D3 A0 D4

BEH

Towing Personnel
Leadman

Consult weather
forecast and
determine the
necessary measures,
SOPs required

High

MAJ Major
concern
C5 D3 A0 D4

Med

Carry or locate the

nearest extinguisher
in case of a fire

BEH

LC Low
contribution

ST

Towing Personnel
Leadman

Serious Injury of
humans
Adjust Planning
Adjust planning
accordingly and
commence with
towing

Med
Electrical Check
Check for any non
grounded sources of
electricity that could
initiate a fire. Check
a/c and equipment

++

Training Manager

Revert to SOPs
Follow recovery SOPs

Eminent
collision with
humans (a/c
moves towards
them)

Towing Personnel
Leadman

Fuel Check
Check for fuel in tanks
or fuel leaks that
could ignite

High

Threat Specific
Training
Training focused on
case scenarios and
circumstances
management

BEH
Assessment of
personnel to weigh
strengths and
weakness and adapt
training

Fire

MC Medium
contribution

Towing Personnel
Leadman

Assessment

Updating Training to
adapt to new
regulations, new a/c,
new equipment and
methods

Med

STOP Towing
immediately

BEH

STOP Towing
immediately
Towing Personnel
Leadman
High
++
ST

Training focused on
case scenarios and
circumstances
management
Training Manager
High
++
BEH

Follow recovery SOPs

Towing Personnel
Leadman
Med
+
ST

MED Medium
concern
E2 C1 A0 C3
E1 C0 A0 C2

effectivity of
signaling