Zen no more: Japan shuns its Buddhist traditions as temples c...

http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/nov/06/zen-no-more...

Zen no more: Japan shuns its Buddhist

traditions as temples close
More than one in three temples are expected to close over the next 25 years as
religion faces an existential crisis
Justin McCurry in Chikuma
Friday 6 November 2015 04.29GMT

erched on a hilltop and surrounded by mountain forests ablaze in autumn reds

and yellows, Kaigenji is a picture postcard image of old Japan. The stone steps
leading to the entrance of the 300-year-old Zen Buddhist temple take visitors
past a lovingly tended landscape of rocks, trees and pale gravel raked into
swirls to symbolise water.
Inside, the head priest, Bunkei Shibata, is in a contemplative mood. But it is not the
path to enlightenment that occupies his thoughts. Instead, he is pondering the future
of his, and tens of thousands of other Buddhist temples across Japan.
Over the next 25 years, 27,000 of the countrys 77,000 temples are expected to close,
in one of the biggest existential crises facing Japanese Buddhism since it was
introduced from Korea in the sixth century.
Its decline mirrors that of hundreds of small communities that have traditionally
helped nance their local temple. In a report released last year, the Japan Policy
Council warned that if the exodus, particularly among young women, from rural
areas continues at the current rate, almost half of Japans municipalities will
disappear by 2040, along with their places of religious worship.
With no parishioners left to pay for their upkeep, temples will have no choice but to
close their doors for good, according to Hidenori Ukai, a journalist and depute head
priest of Shogakuji temple in Kyoto.
The popular image of Buddhist priests as wealthy might still be true in big cities like
Tokyo and Osaka, but its not the case elsewhere, said Ukai, author of Vanishing
Temples: the Loss of Rural Areas and Religion.
At my temple, we have about 120 local patrons, but you need at least 200 to make a
living, added Ukai, who, like many priests, decided to pursue a second career.
Not even Japans busy funeral industry appears able to come to Buddhisms rescue.
While almost 1.3 million Japanese died last year, few relatives can aord the millions
of yen it costs to hold a traditional Buddhist funeral. More are opting for cheaper,
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Zen no more: Japan shuns its Buddhist traditions as temples c...

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secular ceremonies, while priests say they feel duty-bound to drastically lower costs
to give deceased parishioners a tting sendo.
Japanese Buddhism has gone on a strange direction, said Shibata, a retired
businessman who traces his interest in Zen Buddhism to early-morning meditation
sessions as a child. These days most people associate it with funerals, but there is
much more to it than that.
Some priests are attempting to reverse the decline and challenge the funeral
Buddhism image by opening temple cafes, supporting volunteer activities and
hosting music and theatre productions. In Tokyo, priests at Vowz Bar dispense
spiritual guidance along with alcohol, to their young clientele.
The crisis facing Japanese Buddhism isnt a simple matter of demographics. In the
early 1700s, Japans population stood at around 30 million almost 100 million fewer
than today yet there were 46,000 temples. Surveys show that an increasing number
of Japanese regard organised religion as inaccessible, cheerless and since the 1995
sarin gas attack on the Tokyo subway by the Aum Supreme Truth doomsday cult
even dangerous.
In this kind of environment, new membership recruitment will remain dicult,
said Mark Mullins, a professor of Japanese studies at the University of Auckland.
There may be some winners in the shrinking religious market, but it seems likely
that most religious organisations will be struggling to maintain their institutions and
activities as the number of active clergy and members continues to decline.
That goes as much for priests as for followers. More than 12,000 Japanese temples
have no resident priest, according to a recent survey by the Asahi Shimbun, as the
pool of young people interested in the priesthood continues to dwindle.
Shibata, who trained with the Rinzai-Myoshinji sect before being sent to Nagano
prefecture, says Buddhism must start dismantling the wall it has built around itself,
before it is too late.
For Japanese Buddhism to survive another 1,500 years, he believes 50 percent of
priests should be appointed from outside the traditional family succession route,
although he concedes that there is resistance to the idea among traditionalists.
Undaunted, Shibata is trying to turn Japans skewed demographics to the religions
advantage by reaching out to retirees who want to ll their twilight years with more
than rounds of golf and trips to hot springs.
Years ago people reckoned they had about 10 years left after retirement, so they
would just try to enjoy themselves, said the 80-year-old, who trained as a priest after
his retirement in 2006. But people are living much longer now, and they want to do
something more meaningful with their time after they retire.
Older people have a wealth of life experiences and that makes them ideal material
for the priesthood. And, lets be honest, the older you get, the more you think about

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Zen no more: Japan shuns its Buddhist traditions as temples c...

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your own mortality, and the more open you are to religious ideas.
Of the 47 people, including a small number of women, who have completed his
course for retirees, 23 have gone on to train as priests, and seven are now running
their own temples.
Society is changing at a rapid rate, but the Buddhist world has missed out on that
because its connection with ordinary people is focused on funerals and memorials for
the dead, Shibata said.
Funerals aside, the modern priest, he insists, must act as a mentor and counselor and,
crucially, to spread Buddhist teachings to a skeptical public.
He points to the community role Buddhism played in the aftermath of the March
2011 earthquake, when temples opened their doors to survivors, and priest and
monks walked the length of the disaster zone oering spiritual advice and comfort.
Thats exactly what they should be doing. When people are going through dicult
times in their lives, it is our responsibility to help them.
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Japan
Religion
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Asia Pacic

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