Sierra 3

FREQUENCY SELECTIVE LEVELMETER

OPERATIDN MA

SOM-3D3B

ISSUE1

LEAR SIEGLER, INC.

SIERRA ELECTRONIC DlVISION

3886808.4"'.\'0'" DR/no:
JfE~"LO

PARA', CALlFORNU y4f.1:!J

TELEPHONE 1416) 3227222

WCCW

nrx 910-37.1-[2,92

Sierra 3D38

FREQUENCY SELECTIVE LEVELMETER

OPERATION MANUAL

SDM-3D3B

ISSUE1

LEAR SIEGLER, INC.

A025303BOB

SIERRA ELECTRONIC DNISION

9885 BOHANNON DRIVE
MENLO PARK, CALIFORNIA 94025
TELEPHONE (415) 922-7222
TWX 910-373-1282

RtG,...,/I.QGI

0 .... 1 ... ("'.

...

....

--

Figure 1. Sierra 303B Frequency Selective Levelmeter

SIERRA OPERATION MANUAL

SOM 303B

ISSUE 1, JANUARY, 1974

303B FREQUENCY SELECTIVE LEVELMETER

DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION

CONTENTS

PAGE

1.

GENERAL...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2.

PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION. . . . . . . . . .

3.

FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION

4.

Selective Measuring
Flat Measuring. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
Audio Detectors
First Local Oscillator. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Frequency Counter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Calibration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
Sensitivity
"
Main Tuning Oscillator. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Power Supply

2
2
2
5
5
5
5
8
8

SPECIFICATIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.03
Operating power is obtained from an internal
rechargeable battery or from an external ac source, 115 or
230 volts and 50 to 400 Hz.
1.04
The levelmeter can be tuned continuously over the
frequency band, or any of four preset pilots can be
pushbutton selected. The frequency to which the level
meter is tuned is displayed on a five-digit counter, accurate
to O.2 kHz. A phase-lock circuit maintains the levelmeter
on its tuned frequency at any point in the band, not just at
incremental points.
1.05

S.

OPERATION.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 12

Receiving Information. . . . . . . . . . . . .. 12
Preliminary Operations
12
Reading Levels and Voltages. . . . . . . .. 13

.-.

systems up to 600 channels and can also be used with wire

and cable carrier systems. Pilots, test tones, carriers,
harmonics, crosstalk, noise, and interfering signals can be
measured. Individual channels can be singled out of the
baseband frequency spectrum for weighted noise readings
on an external noise measuring set, such as the Sierra 81 OA.

6.

MAINTENANCE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 18

Routine Maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 18
Fuse and Battery Replacement. . . . . . .. 18
Crystal Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 18

Signal levels between -100 dBm and +22 dBm can

be measured selectively with either a narrow 80-Hz
bandwidth or a wide 3.1-kHz bandwidth for checking voice
channels in the multiplex baseband. Flat measurements
include the entire frequency band to 3.2 MHz and cover the
level range between -50 dBm and +22 dBm.
An internal 1DO-kHz standard is provided for
calibrating frequency and level at any time with
out altering an existing test setup. Single-sideband and a-m
detectors enable vf channel signals to be monitored on a
built-in loudspeaker or an external headset or meter.
1.06

1.07

Input impedance can be switched to: 75 ohms

unbalanced; 135 ohms or 600 ohms, unbalanced
or balanced; and terminating or bridging.

1.

GENERAL
2.

This operation manual describes the Sierra 303B

Frequency Selective Levelmeter (Figure 1) and
how to use it. Included are specifications, simplified
diagrams, and maintenance instructions at the operator
level. For levelmeter calibration or repair, refer to main
tenance manual SMM-303B.

PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION

1.01

1.02

The Sierra 303B is a portable instrument designed

to measure a wide range of levels in the frequency
band between 1 kHz and 3.2 MHz. The instrument is
especially useful in medium-density microwave multiplex

The levelmeter is a lightweight, portable instru

ment containing solid-state components, mostly
integrated microcircuits. A removable cover protects the
front panel which contains the dB meter and the five
digital displays (LED arrays) of the electronic counter.
2.01

The ac power cord plugs into a receptacle on the

front panel. It can be removed and stowed in the
cover when not in use. Storage space in the cover can
accommodate several other cords.
2.02

SOM 303B
ISSUE 1
2.03

A retractable stand on the bottom tilts the

instrument for easier viewing of the meter and
counter and the controls. The levelmeter can be easily
removed from its case for exchange of crystals or replace
ment of fuses.
2.04

Operating controls and indicators and front panel

features are identified and described in Figure 2.

3.

FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION

Selective Measuring (Figure 3)

3.01

External signals are applied to the levelmeter at

one of the three input connectors: twin binding
posts, a telephone jack (for type 310 plugs), and a coaxial
connector labeled 75 OHM UNBALANCED. The con
nectors are in parallel, except that the sleeve of the coaxial
connector is grounded. Capacitor Cl isolates the levelmeter
from external dc potentials.
3.02

Switches Sl, S2, and S3 arrange the input circuit

to interface with various conditions of impedance
in the equipment to be tested. In the UNBALANCED
position, Sl grounds one of the binding posts and the ring
of the telephone jack. S2 inserts the appropriate matching
transformer for 135-ohm or 600-ohm impedances.
According to the position of S3, the input can be bridging
(high-impedance) or terminating.

3.03

A lowpass filter blocks interfering signals above

5 MHz, particularly the first intermediate fre
quency of 10.7 MHz.

3.04

Through the 80-dB input attenuator, signal level to

the measuring circuits is controlled by the INPUT
LEVEL Switch.

3.05

The signal continues through relay K1 contacts, a

buffer amplifier that provides an impedance trans
formation, and relay K2 contacts to the 1st mixer. Here,
the signal is mixed with a local oscillator frequency that is
10.7 MHz above the frequency of the monitored signal.
Harmonics in the mixer output are rejected by a lowpass
filter. The main signal is amplified and the monitored signal,
now at a frequency of 10.7 MHz, is selected by a narrow
bandpass filter. The 3.l-kHz bandwidth of this filter
establishes the wideband selectivity of the levelmeter.

pass filter, which has a very narrow passband of 80 Hz

between the -3 dB points. This filter established the
narrowband selectivity of the levelmeter.
3.08

In wideband operation, the SELECTIVITY switch

is turned to the 3.1 kHz position to bypass the
455-kHz bandpass filter and its tandem amplifier. This
low-gain amplifier makes up for the insertion loss of the
filter so that selectivity can be changed from narrowband to
wideband without affecting level.
3.09

In the calibration procedure, the 40-dB gain of the

2nd i-f amplifier is adjusted by the LEVEL
CALIBRATION control to zero the meter. The amplifier
feeds two emitter-followers that supply signal voltage to the
meter circuit and the audio circuit.

3.10

In the meter circuit, the signal is amplified another

40 dB before it is rectified and fed to the front
panel meter via the normalled-through RECORDER jack.
The meter has a 200-J-LA movement and is calibrated
between -20 dB and +2 dB and in ac volts (600 ohms only).
The recorder output current is proportional to the level
meter indication.

Flat Measuring (Figure 3)

3.11

Turning the SELECTIVITY switch to FLAT

operates relay K2, which sends the signal com
pletely around the mixer stages to the meter circuit.
Frequency response is essentially flat from 1 kHz to
3.2 MHz. Note that the calibration controls do not affect
operation of the levelmeter in the flat mode of measuring.

3.12

From the emitter-follower at the output of the

2nd i-f amplifier, the monitored signal is amplified
and fed to both an a-m detector and a product detector.
The product detector is supplied with carrier by an
oscillator that can be set at 456.8 kHz or 453.2 kHz for
receiving an upper sideband or lower sideband signal,
respectively. The oscillator crystal is selected by the
AUDIO MODE switch.
NOTE:

There is no audio output in the flat

measuring mode.

3.13

A lowpass filter rejects the 455-kHz intermediate

frequency from the detector output and the audio
component continues through the AUDIO GAIN control
and an amplifier to the internal loudspeaker. The audio
output can also be monitored on an external headphone or
meter at the PHONE jacks.

3.07

3.14

From the amplified output of the 2nd mixer, the

monitored signal is selected by a 455-kHz band-

Audio Detectors (Figure 3)

The 2nd mixer converts the monitored signal to

455 kHz by means of a 10.245-MHz local oscil
lator frequency. A 20-dB pad in the signal path can be
switched in or out by the SENSITIVITY switch. See para
graph 3.25.

3.06

With the SELECTIVITY switch at 80 Hz, only a

single 1800-Hz tone can be derived from the audio

-'

SOM 3038
ISSUE 1
5

10

28 --+-H--.......----t
im

11

21
26

25

24

2J

22

21

20

19 18

11

16

15

14

13

12

Figure 2. Controls and Indicators.

Table 1. Front Panel Control and Indicators

FIG. 2
INDEX NO.

NAME

FUNCTION

Meter

Indica tes leve! (dB or Vac) of measured signal; also indica tes
internal battery condition.

SELECTIVITY Switch

Prepares levelmeter for frequency selective (wideband

3.1 kHz or narrowband 80 Hz) or flat signal measurement ,
or for internal battery check.

RECHARGE BATTERY

Lights to indicate internal battery needs to be recharged.

Indicator
4

Frequency Counter

Displays frequency (kHz) to which levelmeter is tuned.

LEVEL CALIBRAnON
Control

Calibrates sensitivity of selective measuring circuit

using internal 100-kHz reference.

FREQUENCY CALIBRATION
Control

Calibrates frequency of selective measuring circuit using

internal100-kHz reference.

Frequency Selector
Pushbuttons

Prepares levelmeter for calibration (CAL), for pilot measurement

(PRESET PILOTS), or for frequency selective measurement in
the I kHz to 3200 kHz band (TU E).

LO K Indicator

Lights to indicate main tuning oscillator (selected by TUNE

pushbu tton) is phase locked.

COARSE TUNE Control

Tunes levelmeter over 1 kHz to 3200 kHz hand.

SOM 303B
ISSUE 1
Table 1. Front Panel Controls and Indicators (cont)
FIG. 2
INDEX NO.

NAME

FUNCTION

10

FINE Control

Tunes levelmeter over a range of about 100 kHz at the fre

quency established by the COARSE TUNE control.

11

TUNING MODE Switch

When pushed to out position, activates lock circuit of main

tuning oscillator. When pushed to in position, provides
continuous tuning.

12

115/230 VAC Receptacle

Ac power input.

13

POWER Switch

Prepares levelmeter to operate from ac power internal battery

or to charge battery.

14

RECORDER Jack

Provides dc current output proportional to levelmeter indication.

Accepts type 3 10 plug.

15

PHONE Jacks

Audio output of multiplex channel to external headset or noise

meter. Accepts type 310 single plug or twin tip-sleeve plug.

16

AUDIO MODE Switch

Prepares levelmeter for detection of a-m or single-sideband

(upper or lower) multiplex channel signals.

17

AUDIO GAIN Control

Adjusts level of audio signal in loudspeaker or headset. In full

ccw position, turns off power to audio circuits. Calibrates
noise meter.

18

Loudspeaker

Audio output of multiplex channel.

19

20 dB ADJUST

Using external signal, calibrates levelmeter in frequency selec

tive mode with SENSITIVITY switch in NORMAL position.

20

SENSITIVITY Switch

Provides 20-dB increase in sensitivity from NORMAL to

HIGH.

21

DC OUT Jack

Dc voltage (+9V at 100 rnA maximum) to accessory

equipment designed for use with Sierra 303B
levelmeter.

22

INPUT LEVEL Switch

Adjusts levelmeter sensitivity range in 10-dB steps.

23

Binding Posts

Input for test cord terminated with twin banana plug.

24

Telephone Jack

Input for test cord terminated with type 310 plug.

25

Coaxial Jack

Input for test cord terminated with coaxial plug. Outer

sleeve of jack is connected to chassis ground.

26

UNBALANCED/BALANCED

In UNBALANCED (out) position, grounds black binding post

and ring contact of telephone jack.

27

BRIDGING/TERMINATING
Switch

Terminates input in selected impedance or sets input

impedance high (BRIDGING).

28

Impedance Selector

Selects levelmeter input impedance.

SOM 303B
ISSUE I
circuits. With the switch turned to 3.1 kHz, a channel vf or
noise signal can be measured.

Calibration (Figure 3)
3.21

3.15

To conserve power in battery operation, the audio

circuits are disabled when the AUDIO GAIN
control is turned fully counterclockwise to the OFF
position.

First Local Oscillator (Figure 3)

3.16

Frequency supply to the first mixer is obtained

from either of two sources: the main tuning
oscillator or the pilot/calibration oscillator. Pushing in the
TUNE button activates the main tuning oscillator (para
graph 3.29). With the COARSE TUNE and FINE tuning
knobs, oscillator frequency can be varied to tune the
levelmeter over its operating range of 1 kHz to 3200 kHz_
3.17

Pushing in one of the other buttons, CAL or

PRESET PILOTS, activates the crystal-controlled
pilot/calibration oscillator. Each button selects a different
plug-in crystal. The calibration crystal is always
10.800 MHz; the four pilot crystals are optional. Table 9
lists pilot frequencies commonly used in carrier multiplex
baseband and the Sierra part no. of the crystal required to
monitor the pilot. The frequency of the crystal is the sum
of the pilot frequency and 10.7 MHz. For example, a
1O.80408-MHz crystal will be used to monitor a
104.08-kHz pilot.

Level and frequency calibration both utilize a

rectangular 100-kHz reference signal from the
I-MHz time base of the frequency counter. Pushing the
CAL button activates the calibration oscillator and supplies
10.8 MHz to the local oscillator port of the 1st mixer.
Relay Kl is energized and injects the 100-kHz reference
signal into the main signal path. The level of the signal is
factory calibrated to the equivalent of a O-dBm signal at the
levelmeter input.
3.22

By adjustment of the FREQUENCY CALIBRA

TION knob for maximum meter reading in the
80-Hz mode, the local oscillator frequency is shifted to
align the i-f signals as close as possible to the center of the
1O.7-MHz and 455-kHz bandpass filters. As verification of
the adjustment, the counter should read 0100.0 kHz. With
a peak reading on the meter, the LEVEL CALIBRATION
control is adjusted for a meter reading of 0 dBm.
3.23

The preceding calibration, with the SENSITIVITY

switch at NORMAL, used an internal 100-kHz
reference signal. The 20-dB pad controlled by the SENSI
TIVITY switch is calibrated (screwdriver control 20 dB
ADJUST) using 100 kHz from an external signal generator.

Sensitivity (Figure 4)
3.24

3.18

Precise setting of the pilot oscillator (as read on

the frequency counter) is achieved by pulling the
crystal frequency slightly with a varicap (variable capaci
tance) diode. Dc voltage across the diode is adjusted by the
FREQUENCY CALIBRATION knob.

Frequency Counter (Figure 3)

The counter continuously displays the frequency
to which the levelmeter is tuned. The time base is
obtained from a very stable I-MHz crystal oscillator whose
output is divided down to 100 kHz. The counter display
consists of five LED arrays indicating frequency to the
nearest 0.1 kHz. Accuracy of the counter is controlled by
the time base which has an accuracy of 100 Hz l count =
0.2 kHz.

Circuits and controls affecting levelmeter sensi

tivity are shown in A and B of Figure 4 for either
of the selective modes and in C for the flat mode. In the
three simplified diagrams, a O-dBm signal is assumed to be
applied to the input. The INPUT LEVEL switch is turned
so that 0 on the knob is positioned at the lighted indicator.
Indicators are spaced around the knob at 9, 12, and 3
o'clock.

3.19

3.20

Although the counter display indicates the tuned

frequency of the levelmeter, the counter is
actually measuring the 10.7 MHz higher frequency of the
first local oscillator. This is made possible by presetting the
counter to 9300.0 kHz. For example, if the levelmeter is
tuned to 1000.0 kHz, the local oscillator frequency will be
11,700.0 kHz and the counter will measure 21,000.0
(11,700.0 + 9300.0). But because the first digit is not
displayed, the counter will read 1000.0 kHz.

In A of Figure 4, the SENSITIVITY switch is at

NORMAL and the INPUT LEVEL switch has set
the step attenuator for 60 dB of loss. The resultant signal
level at the input to the 1st mixer is -66 dB. In B of
Figure 4, the SENSITIVITY switch is turned to HIGH,
removing a 20-dB pad at the output of the 2nd mixer. To
compensate for this, the INPUT LEVEL switch has been
turned clockwise to increase the loss in the step attenuator
20 dB to a full 80 dB. The input level to the 1st mixer is
now -86 dB.
3.25

3.26

The higher level into the Ist mixer in A of

Figure 4 gives a 20-dB improvement in the signal
to-noise ratio, as compared to B. On the other hand, the
setup of B provides greater sensitivity. Also, the lower level
into the mixer is an advantage in measurements where low
distortion is important.

SOM 303B
ISSUE 1
PART OF
SELECTIVITY
SWITCH

,
I

75 OHM

UNBALANCED

'1 '

r. ' - o - + ' 5 V

~AL

PUSHBUTTON

K1

PUSH BUTTONS

/-----

ruN"E--7

TUNE
10.800

13.900

CAL

II]~

10 r.::---;-o

11.015921D~

PRESET{

10.804IIlIn~
1O.7~

PILOTS

ID f-2---o

~
~

FREQUENCY
CALI BRATION

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - r - - _ -- - -E-C-T-'V-'-T-'---t_ ~
SEL

I~~

~~l4-1(.......o----l

BATTERY
' - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ' CHECK 0

II
I
I
I
I

I
I
I
~+15V

RECORDER

c ----1

USB

D---~

AM

AUDIO

MODE

LSB

,:,1

TO

~;i,~'31TS -----0-1-0----

+9V

OFF

456.8
KHZ

01--0

Figure 3. Levelmeter Block Diagram

SOM 303B
ISSUE 1
A
INPUT LEVEL
\/,

~q~

NORMAL

SENSITIVITY

HIGH

NORMAL

HIGH

o dB

FLAT

-66dB

SELECTIVITY switch:
SENSITIVITY switch:
INPUT LEVEL switch

range:

-6 dB

OdBm

INPUT LEVEL
NORMAL

3.1 kHz or 80 Hz
NORMAL
-60 to +20 dBm

SENSITIVITY

HIGH

NORMAL 0

HIGH

OdB

20-dB PAD

FLAT

PAD

-66dB

SELECTIVITY switch:
SENSITIVITY switch:
INPUT LEVEL switch

range:

-6 dB

OdBm

INPUT LEVEL
NORMAL

3.1 kHz or 80 Hz
HIGH
-80 to 0 dBm

HIGH

o dB
-36 dB

SELECTIVITY switch:
SENSITIVITY switch:
INPUT LEVEL switch
OdBm

FLAT

Not applicable
-30 to +20 dBm

range:

-6 dB

Figure 4. Sensitivity Control Circuits

SOM 303B
ISSUE 1
3.27

In C of Figure 4, with the SELECTIVITY switch

turned to FLAT, the frequency conversion steps in
the Ist and 2nd mixers are bypassed and the signal is fed
directly to the metering circuit. The indicator at 9 o'clock
is lighted and the 0 dB setting of the INPUT LEVEL switch
inserts 30 dB attenuation in the measuring path.
3.28

The three level ranges specified in Figure 4 are

with reference to the extreme settings of the
INPUT LEVEL switch and with a O-dB meter reading.
These values should be enlarged by -20 dB and +2 dB to
include the full range of readable levels provided by the
calibrated meter scale. For example, in the flat mode, levels
between -50 dBm and +22 dBm can be measured.

Main Tuning Oscillator (Figure 5)

3.29

The main tuning oscillator (vfo) has a range of

10.7 to 13.9 MHz. Frequency is continuously
adjustable by a variable capacitor (COARSE TUNE) and by
a varicap (variable capacitance) diode. Dc voltage on the
diode is controlled by both the COARSE TUNE knob and
the FINE knob.
3.30

With the TUNING MODE switch pushed out to

LOCK position, oscillator frequency drift is pre
vented by a phase-lock circuit. As shown on Figure 5,
signals from two very stable crystal oscillators, 3.0 MHz and
3.1 MHz, are mixed to create a difference frequency of
100 kHz. In the pulse generator, the 100-kHz signal is
shaped into a narrow pulse waveform, which is applied to
one port of the phase discriminator. The vfo output is fed
to the other port.

When the vfo frequency is exactly a harmonic of

the pulse frequency, the phase discriminator out
put will include an envelope of constant amplitude IOO-kHz
pulses. From these pulses, the lowpass filter extracts a dc
component and blocks 100 kHz and higher frequencies.
The dc component (error voltage) is added to the control
circuit of the varicap diode in the vfo.

3.31

When the vfo is not in a locked condition, the

amplitude of the 100-kHz pulses will vary con
tinuously. The frequency of the envelope of these varia
tions will be the difference between the vfo frequency and
the nearest pulse harmonic, and thus will never exceed
50 kHz. The presence of this frequency is detected and
causes the LOCK indicator to go out.

3.32

3.33

If the vfo is locked and its frequency starts to

drift, the change in phase between the vfo output
and the pulse signal will create a new value of error voltage.
The effect of this voltage on the varicap diode will be to
change its capacitance in a direction that stops further drift
of the vfo frequency. The change that produced the new
error voltage was in phase only, not in frequency.

3.34

In the preceding paragraph and on Figure 5, the

pulse frequency is indicated as being 100 kHz.
This is a nominal value. Actually, the 3.0 MHz and 3.I-MHz
oscillators include varicap diodes for frequency adjustment.
Dc voltage from the FINE control increases the frequency
of one oscillator while decreasing the frequency of the
other. The difference frequency can be varied from
100 kHz to 101 kHz.

3.35

The voltage from the FINE control is also fed to

the vfo. Assume that the FINE control is set at
midrange and the vfo is set with the COARSE TUNE
control very close to the desired frequency. If the LOCK
lamp is lighted, then the vfo is phase-locked to the
reference pulse. Now, by slowly adjusting the FINE
control, the vfo is shifted precisely to the desired fre
quency. Because the pulse frequency is controlled by the
same voltage from the' FINE control as the vfo, the pulse
frequency is also shifted and maintains the phase-locked
condition.

Power Supply (Figure 6)

3.36

In ac operation, power from the external liS-volt

or 230-volt source is converted to a basic dc
supply of about 28 volts. From this supply, a preregulator
and a following regulator create the two main dc power
distribution voltages in the levelmeter: +15 volts and +9
volts.

3.37

A separate regulator furnishes charging current to

the internal battery. With the POWER switch at
AC, a constant current of about 35 rnA is fed to the
battery. When the switch is at CHARGE, current is
450 rnA maximum, decreasing as the battery voltage
increases.

3.38

In BATTERY position of the POWER switch, dc

power is drawn from the internal battery to supply
the +15 volt and +9 volt distribution circuits. A diode
isolates the battery from the charging circuit.

As shown in Figure 3, operation of the power

supply or condition of the internal battery can be
checked by turning the SELECTIVITY switch to
BATTERY CHECK and reading the voltage on the 15 -volt
bus.
3.39

3.40

Although not illustrated, the IS-volt bus is

monitored in the frequency counter. When low
voltage (13 volts) is detected, the voltage supply to the
counter is shut down and the RECHARGE BATTERY
indicator is lighted.

4.

SPECIFICAnONS

4.01

Levelmeter specifications are given in Table 2.

SOM 303B
ISSUE 1

+9V

3.0-MHz

OSC
100 kHz

PULSE
GEN

MIXER

PHASE

DSCRM

3.1-MHz

OSC
LOCK

- LOWPAs,s

r-.---:"--CJ

FI L"fER

CONTINUOUS

?",o-4----l

1. . . . '--------/'/

f-DLOCK
DET

.----

TUNING MODE

DC
VFO

DC

10.7 TO
13.9 MHz

DC

Figure

s.

TO 1 ST MIXER

MainTuning Oscillator and Frequency Lock Circuits

POWER

r - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -r- ----- ------7

Fl, F2

1/4 AMP

, / - OFF
115/230- . . ~
VAC
50-400 HZ
AC

28V
I

i'

BATTERV

RGLTR

+9V

---

.-----...:....-1
I
o

F3

~lAMP

+15V

~~/~~-6---,

~~--i
15VOLT BATTERY

Figure 6. Power Supply Circuits

SOM 303B
ISSUE 1
Table 2. Levelmeter Specifications
PARAMETER

CHARACTERISTICS

FREQUENCY
Range
Narrow Bandwidth (80 Hz)

600 ohm
75/135 ohm

1 kHz to 620 kHz

1 kHz to 3.2 MHz

Wide Bandwidth (3.1 kHz)

600 ohm
75/135 ohm
Flat Voltmeter Mode

5 kHz to 620 kHz

10 kHz to 3.2 MHz
I kHz to 3.2 MHz

= 0.2 kHz

Accuracy

100 Hz one count

Preselected Fixed Tuned Frequencies

64 kHz, 104.08 kHz, 315.92 kHz, 3.2 MHz

INPUT
Impedance-bridging & terminating

75 ohm unbalanced
135 or 600 ohm, balanced or unbalanced

INPUT LEVEL RANGE

Selective Mode
Flat Mode

-100 to +22 dBm, 10 JlV to lOV

-50 to +22 dBm, 3 mV to lOV

MEASUREMENT ACCURACY
Level and Frequency Calibration Standard
Level Accuracy (narrow band)

100 kHz
0.2 dB

Frequency Response

600 ohm
Narrow Band

1 kHz to 3 kHz
3 kHz to 620 kHz

0.5 dB
0.3 dB

Wide Band

5 kHz to 620 kHz

0.3 dB

75/135 ohm
Narrow and Wide Band

10 kHz to 2.4 MHz

2.4 MHz to 3.2 MHz
Flat Voltmeter

10

0.3 dB
0.5 dB

SOM 303B
ISSUE 1
Table 2. Levelmeter Specifications (cont)
PARAMETER

CHARACTERISTICS

Bridging Impedance (at 100 kHz)

75 ohm
135 ohm
600 ohm
Bridging Loss
75 ohm
135 ohm

600 ohm

10 kHz to 3.2 MHz

10 kHz to 1 MHz
1 MHz to 2.8 MHz
2.8 MHz to 3.2 MHz
3 kHz to 250 kHz
1 kHz to 500 kHz
500 kHz to 620 kHz

2.1 K ohms
3.8 K ohms
16.0 Kohms

<0.25 dB
<0.25 dB
<0.5 dB
<0.75 dB
<0.25 dB
<0.5 dB
<1.0 dB

SELECTIVITY
3.1 kHz @3 dB, 6.3 kHz @60 dB
80 Hz @ 3 dB, 160 kHz @60 dB

Wide Band
Narrow Band
SPURIOUS RESPONSE
Image Frequency Rejection
Direct IF Rejection
Residual Distortion Attenuation with increase in
sensitivity of 60 dB

>70 dB

AUDIO DETECTION (1.8 kHz from 2nd IF) .

AM, LSB, USB

AUDIO OUTPUT
Phones (dual telephone jack)
Internal speaker

>60 ohms

RECORDER OUTPUT
Output current
Load Impedance
Connector
TEMPERATURE RANGE
Usable
Warmup Time

>70 dB
>70 dB

o to 200 J1.A
<1200 ohms
Single telephone
32F to 122F (OC to 50C)
OaF to 140F (-20C to 60C)
5 minutes

POWER REQUIREMENTS
External AC line

115 or 230 volts 10%

50 to 400 Hz.

Internal Batteries

Rechargeable Ni-Cad only

12 size D required

WEIGHT

30 pounds, approximate, including batteries (12 kg)

SIZE (approximate)
Length
Width
Depth

17 inches (432 mm)

7 inches (178 mm)
14 inches (356 mm)

11

SOM 303B
ISSUE I

S.

OPERATION

5.08

Receiving Information
5.01

When the 303B is received, unpack it and inspect

it carefully for damage. Keep the shipping carton.
Check the equipment received against the order.
5.02

The levelmeter is furnished with a standard threewire ac power cord. Test cords are not furnished
but can be ordered separately.

Step 1
For ac operation, connect the levelmeter to a lIS-volt or
230-volt, 50400 Hz source using the power cord furnished.
CAUTION:

5.03

When ordered, the optional nickel-cadmium cells

for the rechargeable internal battery will be
packaged separately from the levelmeter. Install the cells in
the battery case described in paragraph 6.05.
5.04

Crystals for these standard preset pilot frequencies

are always furnished installed in the levelmeter:
64, 104.08, and 315.92 kHz and 3.2 MHz. If different
frequencies were specified in the order for the instrument
they will be installed and properly aligned at the factory. If
crystals are ordered separately, install these crystals in place
of the standard crystals and tune them to their precise
frequencies in accordance with paragraph 6.07.
5.05

To ensure that the levelmeter is in good working

condition, it should be checked out by performing
the calibration procedure (steps 1 through 5) of Table 3.

If the levelmeter is damaged or does not operate

properly, contact the Customer Service Depart
ment for instructions.

5.06

ADDRESS:

NOTE:

Customer Service Department

Sierra Electronic Operation

Philco-Ford Corporation

3885 Bohannon Drive

Menlo Park, California 94025

Telephone (415) 322-7222

TWX 910-373-1282

Do not repackage damaged or faulty

equipment for reshipment to Sierra
Electronic Operation under the provisions
of the Warranty without first contacting
Sierra for specific instructions.

Preliminary Operations
5.07

Operating procedures for the levelmeter are in

Tables 3 through 7 for five different types of
measurement. Preliminary instructions for turning on
power, preparing the input circuit controls, and reading
voltages and levels are given below.

12

Proceed as follows to operate the levelmeter from

ac power or internal battery.

If the ac power source is 230 volts, switch

Sl under the chassis (Figure 7) must be in
the 230 position. Otherwise the instru
ment will be damaged when power is
turned on. For access to the switch,
lossen the four screws at the rear, and
slide the levelmeter forward out of its
case.

Step 2
.

Turn POWER switch to AC or BATTERY, as applicable.

One of the three indicators around the INPUT LEVEL

switch should light. If the SELECTIVITY switch is set at

3.1 kHz or 80 Hz, the counter nixies should also light. The
RECHARGE BATTERY indicator should not light.
Step 3
If you are operating on the internal battery, turn
SELECTIVITY switch to BATTERY CHECK. Meter must
read in OK zone. If it reads in RECHARGE zone, a charge
cycle will be necessary: connect levelmeter to ac source,
turn POWER switch to CHARGE, and allow battery to
charge for 8 to 10 hours.
5.09

Prepare the input circuits for proper interface with

the equipment to be tested.

Step 1
Turn impedance selector switch to impedance of circuit at
point of test. If impedance is other than 75, 135, or 600
ohms, refer to paragraph 5.15. If you are going to make
voltage measurements, turn switch to 600 n.
Step 2
Push BRIDGING/TERMINATING switch to BRIDGING
unless circuit at point of test must be terminated in its
characteristic impedance (75, 135, or 600 ohms) by the
levelmeter.
Step 3
Push UNBALANCED/BALANCED switch to position
required by equipment under test. Most often, the level
meter input should be balanced, particularly if the circuit is
balanced at the point of test. Note that the 75[2 coaxial
jack is unbalanced and is not affected by the switch.
Step 4
Connect a suitable test cord to the applicable INPUT
connector. The three connectors are in parallel, except only

SOM 303B
ISSUE 1
the 75n coaxial jack has one side grounded to the
instrument chassis.
5.10

The most suitable setting of the SENSITIVITY

switch will depend on the absolute level of the
signal to be measured and its level relative to other signals
nearby in frequency. Generally, the NORMAL position will
be better because it provides a higher signal-to-noise ratio in
the front end of the levelmeter. But if you are searching for
a low-level signal in the presence of higher levels, the HIGH
position may be the choice because of its lower distortion
and greater sensitivity.
5.11

The audio detector may be useful in identifying

the character of a signal that you are measuring
selectively on the levelmeter. Turn the AUDIO MODE
switch to the position that produces an audible signal on
the loudspeaker or on an external headset plugged into the
PHONE jack. Sound level is controlled by the AUDIO
GAIN control. To conserve power in battery operation,
turn the control to OFF if you are not monitoring a signal.

If the characteristic impedance of the circuit to be

tested is other than 75, 135, or 600 ohms, the
levelmeter can't provide a termination and must be used in
the bridging mode. Because of the difference in the circuit
impedance and the levelmeter's reference impedance, a
correction must be made to convert the measured levels to
dBm. Mathematically, the correction factor equals 10 times
the logarithm of the ratio of levelmeter reference imped
ance (Zref) to circuit impedance (Z). Correction factors to
be algebraically added to measured levels are given below
for several impedances commonly encountered.

5.14

If the circuit at the point of test is terminated in

its characteristic impedance, either by the level
meter or otherwise, and the impedance selector switch is set
to the same impedance, then the measured level as
calculated in the preceding paragraph is in dBm.

5.15

LeveImeter
Zref

Circuit
Z

Correction,
dBm

The calibration and tuning controls have ranges of

10 or more turns. If a control is turned beyond the
end of its travel, the mechanical coupling will slip and no
damage will result.

600
600
600

900
150
124

-1.8
+6.0
+6.8

Reading Levels and Voltages

135
135

150
124

-0.46
+0.37

75
75

150
124

-3.0
-2.2

5.12

5.13

Signal level is the algebraic sum of the INPUT

LEVEL switch setting and the reading on the
meter scale as illustrated by the examples below.

INPUT LEVEL
Switch Setting
-20
-20
+20
0

5.16

Meter Reading
-4
+2
-4
-4

Level
-24
-18
+16
-4

Voltages are measured with the impedance selector

switch in the 600n position. The setting of the
INPUT LEVEL switch denotes the maximum voltage that
can be read on the applicable meter scale. For example, a
meter reading of 1.5 when the switch setting is 0.03
represents 0.015 volts. Note that 600-ohm measurements
are limited to frequencies below 620 kHz.

13

SOM 303B
ISSUE I
Table 3. Preset Pilot Level Measurement
STEP

PROCEDURE
NOTE: Perform preliminary operations according to paragraph 5.07.

Turn SENSITIVITY switch to NORMAL.

Turn SELECTIVITY switch to 80 Hz.

Push in CAL button.

Adjust FREQUENCY CALIBRATION control for maximum meter reading. Counter should read
0100.0 kHz 0.2 kHz.

Adjust LEVEL CALIBRATION control for O-dB meter reading.

NOTE: Levelmeter may be calibrated as described in steps 1 through 5 at any time without
disturbing an existing test setup.

Push in applicable PRESET PILOTS button.

Turn SENSITIVITY switch to applicable position (paragraph 5.10).

Turn INPUT LEVEL switch to range of expected signal level.

Connect levelmeter to point of test.

10

If necessary, change setting of INPUT LEVEL switch for up-scale meter reading.

II

Adjust FREQUENCY CALIBRATION control for maximum meter reading.

12

Read level (paragraph 5.13).

13

Counter should indicate pilot frequency 0.2 kHz.

Table 4. Selective Level Measurement at a Known Signal Frequency

STEP

PROCEDURE
NOTE: Perform preliminary operations according to paragraph 5.07.

Turn SENSITIVITY switch to NORMAL.

Turn SELECTIVITY switch to 80 Hz.

Push in CAL button.

Adjust FREQUENCY CALIBRATION control for maximum meter reading. Counter should read
0100.0 kHz 0.2 kHz.

Adjust LEVEL CALIBRATION control for O-dB meter reading.

NOTE: Levelmeter may be calibrated as described in steps 1 through 5 at any time without
disturbing an existing test setup.

14

Turn SELECTIVITY switch to 3.1 kHz if it is desired to make the final measurement in this mode and re
adjust level calibration, if necessary.

Push in TUNE button.

SOM 303B
ISSUE 1
Table 4. Selective Level Measurement at a Known Signal Frequency (Cont)
STEP

PROCEDURE

Turn SENSITIVITY switch to applicable position (paragraph 5.10).

Turn INPUT LEVEL switch to range of expected signal level.

10

Push TUNING MODE switch to LOCK.

11

Turn FINE control counterclockwise to lower part of its range.

12

Adjust COARSE TUNE control for a LOCK light indication at a counter reading near but below the
frequency to be measured.

13

Connect levelmeter to point of test.

14

Adjust FINE control for a counter reading at frequency to be measured. LOCK indicator should stay
lighted.

15

Turn INPUT LEVEL switch for up-scale meter reading.

16

Turn SELECTIVITY switch to 80 Hz if necessary to isolate a single-frequency signal.

17

Readjust FINE control for maximum meter reading.

18

Read level (paragraph 5.13).

Table 5. Selective Level Measurement at an Unknown Signal Frequency

STEP

PROCEDURE
NOTE: Perform preliminary operations according to paragraph 5.07.

Turn SENSITIVITY switch to NORMAL.

Turn SELECTIVITY switch to 80 Hz.

Push in CAL pushbutton.

Adjust FREQUENCY CALIBRATION control for maximum meter reading. Counter should read
0100.0 kHz 0.2 kHz.

Adjust LEVEL CALI BRATlON control for O-dB meter reading.

NOTE: Levelmeter may be calibrated as described in steps 1 through 5 at any time without disturbing
an existing test setup.

Turn SELECTIVITY switch to 3.1 kHz, if it is desired to make the final measurement in this mode and
readjust level calibration, if necessary.

Push in TUNE button.

Turn SENSITIVITY switch to applicable position (paragraph 5.10).

Turn INPUT LEVEL switch to range of expected signal level.

10

Push TUNING MODE switch to CONTINUOUS.

15

SOM 303B
ISSUE 1
Table 5. Selective Level Measurement at an Unknown Signal Frequency (Cont)

PROCEDURE

STEP
11

Connect levelmeter to point of test.

12

With COARSE TUNE control, search for signal until you get a meter indication. If necessary, turn
INPUT LEVEL switch to progressively lower levels (greater sensitivity) until you find the signal.

13

If meter sensitivity seems large when you tune past the signal, reduce sensitivity. A signal 20 dB below
the INPUT LEVEL switch setting can be found readily by careful tuning.

14

Note signal frequency on counter.

15

Push TUNING MODE switch to LOCK.

16

Turn FINE control counterclockwise to lower part of its range.

17

Adjust COARSE TUNE control for a LOCK light indication at a counter reading near but below the
frequency to be measured.

18

Adjust FINE control for a counter reading at signal frequency noted in step 14. LOCK indicator should
stay lighted.

19

Turn SELECTIVITY switch to 80 Hz if necessary to isolate a single-frequency signal.

20

Readjust FINE control for maximum meter reading.

21

Read level (paragraph 5.13).

NOTE: The appearance of multiple decimal points in the counter display indicates that 303B is tuned below
its normal operating range. To restore normal operation turn the COARSE TUNE knob clockwise
until the excess decimal points disappear.

Table 6. Flat Level Measurement

STEP

PROCEDURE
NOTE: Perform preliminary operations according to paragraph 5.07.

Turn SELECTIVITY switch to FLAT.

Turn INPUT LEVEL switch to range of expected signal level.

Connect levelmeter to point of test.

Turn INPUT LEVEL switch for up-scale meter reading.

Read level (paragraph 5.13).

NOTE: With the SELECTIVITY switch in FLAT position, only these front panel controls are
effective: INPUT SWitches, INPUT LEVEL switch, and POWER switch.

16

SOM 303B
ISSUE I

Table 7. Channel Noise Measurement

PROCEDURE

STEP

NOTE: Perform preliminary operations according to paragraph 5.07.

1

Connect 600 ohm terminated noise measuring set (Western Electric 3A, or equivalent) to PHONE jack.

Turn AUDIO MODE switch to LSB or USB according to whether multiplex system uses lower side
band (LSB) or upper sideband (USB) channel modulation.

Turn SENSITIVITY switch to NORMAL.

Turn SELECTIVITY switch to 80 Hz.

Push in CAL button.

Adjust FREQUENCY CALIBRATION control for maximum meter reading. Counter should read
0100.0 kHz 0.2 kHz.

Turn SELECTIVITY switch to 3.1 kHz.

Adjust LEVEL CALIBRATION control for O-dB meter reading.

Adjust AUDIO GAIN control for reading of 69 dBrnc on noise measuring set.

10

Connect levelmeter to point of test.

11

Push in TUNE button.

12

Push TUNING MODE switch to LOCK.

13

Turn FINE control counterclockwise to lower part of its range.

14

Adjust COARSE TUNE control for a LOCK light indication at a counter reading near but below the
carrier frequency in the channel to be measured.

15

Adjust FINE control to obtain a counter reading 1.8 kHz below carrier frequency (lower sideband
system) or 1.8 kHz above carrier frequency (upper sideband system). LOCK indicator should stay
lighted.

16

Turn SENSITIVITY switch to HIGH.

17

Decrease setting of INPUT LEVEL switch until noise measuring set reads 50 dBrnc or at least 6 dB
above 303B idle noise.

18

Calculate channel noise level from the following equation:

dBrnc = Noise reading + 20 + INPUT LEVEL switch setting
EXAMPLE: Noise measuring set reads 50 dBrnc and INPUT LEVEL switch is set at -80, and
TLP is -35 dBm
dBrnc = 50 + 20 + (-80) = -10
dBrnc + (-TLP) =dBrnc 0
-10 + 35 = 25 dBrnc 0

17

SOM 303B
ISSUE 1

MAINTENANCE

6.
6.01

This section of the manual pertains to main

tenance that can be performed at the operator
level. If further information covering service or main
tenance of the levelmeter is needed, contact the Customer
Service Department, Sierra Electronic Operation, Philco
Ford Corporation, 3885 Bohannon Drive, Menlo Park,
California 94025, telephone (415) 322-7222.
NOTE:

If defective equipment is to be returned

to the factory under terms of the War
ranty, be sure to contact the Customer
Service Department of Sierra Electronic
Operation for specific instructions prior
to packing and shipping the 303B.

Routine Maintenance
Periodically, if the levelmeter has not been in
operation, it should be checked out by the
calibration procedure (steps 1 through 5) in Table 3.

Crystal Replacement
6.06

Crystals for pilot frequencies different than the

standard frequencies furnished with the levelmeter
are listed in Table 9. The frequency of the crystal is the
pilot frequency plus 10.7 MHz.
6.07

Changing the pilot frequency requires replacement

of the crystal and tuning of the associated trimmer
capacitor. See Figure 9. You will need a signal generator
(Sierra 305A-G, for example) that can provide a stable
signal at the pilot frequency. A counter will also be needed
to adjust the signal generator output to the pilot frequency
with an accuracy of 10 Hz. Proceed as follows:
NOTE:

A good rough alignment can be made

using the frequency display on the 303B.

Step 1

Loosen the four screws at the back and pull the levelmeter

forward.

6.02

Fuse and Battery Replacement

6.03

Field replaceable parts are listed in Table 8.

Equivalent types may be substituted.

CAUTION:

Disconnect the levelmeter from ac power

and turn the POWER switch to OFF
before you remove the instrument from
its case.

To reach the interior of the levelmeter, loosen the

four screws at the rear and pull the instrument
forward. Fuses Fl, F2, and F3 are behind an insulating
cover on the bottom of the chassis. See Figure 7.

6.04

The 12 nickel-cadmium cells of the internal

battery are installed in a battery case (Figures 8
and 9) at the left side of the chassis. The case plugs into the
chassis and is fastened by two screws. The cover of the
battery case is secured by four screws. After installing or
replacing the battery, check the voltage (turn SELEC
TIVITY switch to BATTERY CHECK) and give the battery
a charge if the meter reading is not in the OK zone.

6.05

18

Step 2

Pull or pry the old crystal straight back out of its socket.

Plug in the new crystal.

Step 3

Calibrate the levelmeter in accordance with steps 1 through

5 of Table 3.

Step 4

Push in the applicable PRESET PILOTS button.

Step 5

Connect the signal generator to the levelmeter input.

Step 6

Set the signal generator at the pilot frequency 10Hz and

at any convenient level (-20 dBm, for example).

Step 7

Turn the INPUT LEVEL switch for an up-scale meter

reading.

Step 8

Adjust trimmer capacitor for maximum meter reading.

Step 9

Disconnect test equipment and replace levelmeter in its

case.

SOM 303B
ISSUE 1

Figure 7. Location of Fuses and IlS/230-Volt Switch

Figure 8. Installation of Nickel-eadmium CeUs

BATTERY

~~
"'LOT
anSTALS

Figure 9. Location of Battery Case and Pilot Crystals

19

SOM 3038
ISSUE 1
Table 8. Field Replaceable Parts
SIERRA
STOCK NO.

MFR.

Cell, nickel-cadmium, "D", 1.25 volt

918500005

Sonotone

S-103D

Fuse, slow-blow, 0.25 ampere

013200033

Littelfuse

312.300

Fuse, slow-blow, 1.0 ampere

913200006

Littelfuse

312.001

Power cord

916400019

Belden

17258

DESCRIPTION

MFR. PART NO.

Table 9. Special Order Pilot Frequency Crystals.

20

PILOT
FREQUENCY

CRYSTAL,
SIERRA PART NUMBER

PILOT
FREQUENCY

CRYSTAL,
SIERRA PART NUMBER

12 kHz
15.92 kHz
24 kHz

912200093
912200126
912200127

200 kHz
208 kHz
216 kHz

912200105
912200106
912200107

30 kHz
40kHz
48 kHz

912200119
912200094
912200095

224 kHz
232 kHz
240 kHz

912200108
912200109
912200110

56 kHz
60 kHz
72kHz

912200096
912200128
912200097

248 kHz
256 kHz
264 kHz

912200111
912200112
912200113

80kHz
84.08 kHz
88 kHz

912200098
912200121
912200099

308 kHz
392 kHz

912200114
912200120

96 kHz
112 kHz
128 kHz

912200080
912200100
912200101

176 kHz
184 kHz
192 kHz

912200102
912200103
912200104

LEAR SIEGLE A, INC., 51 E R RA ELECTRONIC DIVISION worron" in<trume"I,,"anductured by it ond bearing Sierra comm
ercial model numb~r", eoxcep' I fro red Celli, to be free from defect"ve rrmtcrial and ro~rory workman."hip end ggree" ~o repoir ~uch instrumenh.,

wnlch unde. normal Uie and !en'ice, di:sclo5e tr-e defec:tt ~o

'I'

be 'he fOlJlt of

OL1l l'~onufoctvrin.g. OU~ obligo ioro ur.d.er rhil worranty is limitt'd

to repoi,i"9 ony > c~ in,tru_n' w~jch

au' sole opinion upon our e"om;nolion prove, 'e be ", defec','e, whe" returned 10 ou, foctory or
3885 Bohannon D:--ive, Me"io Pork, Cal.rorn;C1 94025, lfomoortation prepaid by 1'he purcf,oser, wi hi one year fro.,.. the dote of origlr.ol

1
5

plJrcho$e irorfl us.

'hi!. WOfr'Oflry dOtls not apply to any prOdU::ti ...... hich h.Ol/if b.on repaired, worke.d upOn or cl!er~d by p'='f:s.on, n.ot outhod::cd cy U\ so O!I,
in our !lol~ jtJdg,eme" to iniur~ the s-tocflity Or rl!'liobility of 5ouc:h instrument, Of whicb hcve bee-n ~v~i ct to miSl'!.e. ne91igencf' or or-cident"
o the ~eTiol number of Which tw) been alrered. e:Htlced, OT removed. Neitf1el d04!'s thb worr:mty apply to en)' 0' Our products which hOlJe
been con'l\t'ct4!'d, rnst:;llled,
or odjus'ed
thon in occordon:::::c with fhe instrvr.tions furnished by IJ'L Nor
SIERRA OUUTroe on;
liability for cOr'\lsegventtol domcgt's, and III any e ....er! our Ilobiliry &1,,011 In no Go~e ~)cccf'd the originol pu.rchose prke of Ih e II1SotrUrT'l'nt.
Ar:.cenorifl!', ioclvdil'9 bur not limited to all vacuum 'UCI:~, fU50es o"d botte'-'e\, not of our monlJfoeture IJlt'd w,'1"l thb. product ort:' nOJt cOlJef,d

lJ~ed

by this

o~he,wiiie

doe~

~'

~
~

~
~t

I'r'~
N

WOironry.

SIERRA e~erve!o 'he right to rnoke change" in the de$ign Or l;orutrUGtio n of on.... or 1:s. instrument.,. !:It o~y tnn(' ...... ithou. I ..... ::urr'!l~ 011'''' obllg.,~
rio" IQ make any Gt'o.ooget. YJhate.vel'" on uniu pr,eviolJsly pur.;hoted.
This WOrra ty ;50 In liiE:u of all othe~ wOH:Jntie.s exprE's$l!d or impliec or)d no repr'50f:nto.i,,~ Or pEnen i1 outho~r%ed to repre'5rnt ncr o~'SlJme.
for US ony iiobility in connection W\t the Jote of OUT products other tho n se forth here;n. Ir\ 110 e...ent Ni!1 seller ~ Ilobli:' fo. on> ltlr.id -

i1wwo\i~~dt~,rgf()t.lE\Vl61tbi~tdb~JtMSt(61t6irli).~
~

tal or

conM~u.nt'al domages.