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HYPERNATREMIA

FRIED SALT

F- fever (low), flushed skin


R- restless (irritable)
I- increased fluid retention and increased BP
E- Edeme (Peripheral and pitting)
D- Decreased urinary output and dry mouth

SALT

S- Skin flushed
A- Agitation
L- low-grade fever
T- Thirst

HYPERKALEMIA- Signs and Symptoms

MURDER

M- Muscle weakness
U- Urine (oliguria, anuria)
R- Respiratory Distress
D- Decreased cardiac contractility
E- ECG Changes
R- Reflexes (Hyperreflexia or arreflexia/ flaccid)

HYPERKALEMIA- Causes

MACHINE

M- Medications- ACE Inhibitors, NSAIDS


A- Acidosis- Metabolic and Respiratory
C- Cellular Destruction- Burns, Traumatic Injury
H- Hypoaldosteronism/ Hemolysis
I- Intake- Excessive
N- Nephrosis, Renal Failure
E- Excretion- Impaired

HYPOCALCEMIA

CATS

C- Convulsions
A- Arrhythmias
T- Tetany
S- Spasms and stridor

BLEEDING- Signs and Symptoms

BEEP

B- Bleeding gums
E- Ecchymoses (bruises)
E- Epistexis (nosebleed)
P- Petechiae (tiny purplish spots)
RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION- inducing drugs

STOP breathing

S- Sedatives and hypnotics


T- Trimethoprim
O- Opiates
P- Polymyxins

PNEUMOTHORAX- Signs and Symptoms

P-THORAX

P- Pleuritic Pain
T- Trachea deviation
H- Hyperresonance
O- Onset is sudden
R- Reduced Breath Sounds ( and dypnea)
A- Absent fremitus
X- X- ray shows collapse lung

PNEUMONIA- risk factors

INSPIRATION

I- Immunosuppression
N- Neoplasia
S- Secretion retention
P- Pulmonary Edema
I- Impaired alveolar macrophages
R- Respiratory tract infection (prior)
A- Antibiotics and cytotoxics
T- tracheal instrumentation
I- IV Drug Abuse
O- Other ( general debility, immobility)
N- Neurologic Impairment of cough reflex

CROUP – Signs and Symptoms

SSS

S- Stridor
S- Subglottic swelling
S- Seal- Bark cough

SHORTNESS OF BREATH- Causes

AAAA PPPP

A- Airway Obstruction
A- Angina
A- Anxiety
A- Asthma
P- Pneumonia
P- Pneumothorax
P- Pulmonary Edema
P- Pulmonary Embolus

CARDIAC VALVES

“ TRI before you BI”

Tricuspid valve is located in right heart and Bicuspid valve is located in left heart.
Blood flows through the tricuspid before bicuspid.

FEMORAL HERNIA

FEMoral hernias are more common in FEMales.

“TRY PULLING MY AORTA”

T- Tricuspid
P- Pulmonary
M- Mitral
A- Aorta

PLACENTA-CROSSING SUBSTANCES

“ Want My Hot Dog”

W- Wastes
A- Antibodies
N- Nutrients
T- Teratogens
M- Microorganisms
H- Hormones/HIV
D- Drugs

EMERGENCY MEDICINE
ACTIVATED CHARCOAL

CHEMICAL CamP

C-Cyanide
H- ydrocarbons
E- Ethanol
M- Metals
I- Iron
C- Caustics
A- Airway unprotected
L- Lithium
CAM- phor
P- Potassium

IPECAC CONTRAINDICATIONS

4 C’S:

Comatose
Convulsing
Corrosive
hydroCarbon
ATRIAL FIBRILLATION: CAUSES OF NEW ONSET

THE ATRIAL FIBS:

Thyroid
Hypotermia
Embolism (P.E.)
Alcohol
Trauma (cardiac contusion)
Recent Surgery (post CABG)
Ischemia
Atrial enlargement
Lone or idiopathic
Fever, anemia, high-output states
Infarct
Bad Valves (mitral stenosis)
Stimulants (cocaine, theo, amphet, caffeine)

ENDOTRACHEAL TUBE DELIVERABLE DRUGS

O NAVEL:

O- Oxygen
N- Naloxone
A- Atropine
V- Ventolin (albuterol)
E- Epinephrine
L- Lidocaine

MALARIA: COMPLICATIONS OF FALCIPARUM MALARIA

CHAPLIN:

C-cerebral malaria/ coma


H-Hypoglycemia
A-Anemia
P-Pulmonary Edema
L- Lactic acidosis
I- Infections
N- Necrosis of renal tubules (ATN)

MI: IMMEDIATE TREATMENT

DOGASH

D- Diamorphine
O- Oxygen
G- GTN Spray
A- Aspirin 300 mg
S- Streptokinase
H- Heparin

PAIN HISTORY CHECKLIST

OLDER SAAB:

O- Onset
L- Location
D- Description (what it does it feel like)
E- Exacerbating Factors
R- Radiation
S- Severity
A- Associated Symptoms
A- Alleviating factors
B- Before (ever experience this before)

SHOCK: SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

TV SPARC CUBE:

T- Thirst
V- Vomiting
S- Sweating
P- Pulse weak
A- Anxious
R- Respirations shallow/ rapid
C- Cool
C- Cyanotic
U- Unconscious
B- BP low
E- Eyes blank

SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGES (SAH) CAUSES

BATS:

B- Berry Aneurysms
A- Arteriovenous malformation/ Adult polycystic kidney disease
T- Trauma ( eg being stuck with baseball bat)
S- Stroke

VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION: TREATMENT

“ Shock, Shock, Shock, Everybody Shock, Little Shock, Big Shock, Momma
Shock, Poppa Shock”

Shock= Defibrillate
Everybody= Epinephrine
Little= Lidocaine
Big= Bretylium
Momma= MgSO4
Poppa= Pocainamide

VFIB/VTACH DRUGS USED ACCORDING TO ACLS

“ Every Little Boy Must Pray”

Epinephrine
Lidocaine
Bretylium
Magnesium Sulfate
Procainamide
DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS MANAGEMENT

KING UFC:

K+ (potassium)
Insulin (5u/hour.)
Nasogastric tube (if patient is comatose)
Glucose (once serum level drops to 12)
Urea (check it)
Fluids (crystalloids)
Creatinine (check it)/catheterize

NEUROLOGIC FOCAL DEFICITS

10S’s

Sugar (hypo, hyper)


Stroke
Seizure (Todd’s paralysis)
Subdural hematoma
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Space occupying lesion (tumor, avm, aneurysm, abscess)
Spinal cord syndromes
Somatoform (conversion reaction)
Sclerosis (MS)
Some migraines

COMA: CONDITIONS TO EXCLUDE AS CAUSE

MIDAS:

Meningitis
Intoxication
Diabetes
Air (respiratory failure)
Subdural/ Subarachnoid hemorrhage

MALIGNANT HYPERTHERMIA TREATMENT

“ Some Hot Dude Better Give Ice Fluids Fast!” ( Hot Dude= hypothermia):

Stop triggering agents


Hyperventilate/ hundred percent oxygen
Dantrolene 92.5mg/kg)
Bicarbonate
Glucose and Insulin
IV Fluids and Cooling Blanket
Fluid output monitoring/ Furosemide/ Fast heart (Tachycardia)

RESUSCITATION: BASIC STEPS

ABCDE:

Airway
Breathing
Circulation
Drugs
Environment
RLQ PAIN: DIFFERENTIAL

APPENDICITIS

Appendicitis/ Abscess
PID/ Period
Pancreatitis
Ectopic/ Endometriosis
Neoplasia
Diverticulitis
Intussusception
Crohn’s Disease/ Cyst (Ovarian)
IBD
Torsion (Ovary)
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Stones

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