1.

CE-207 STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS I

TUTORIAL 1: Reactions, Shear Force and Bending Moment Diagrams, Free-body Diagrams
Figure P1.1 shows a cantilever beam AB, subjected to a triangularly varying
load as shown. Find the reactions at the fixed end B:
(a) By using the equations of static equilibrium.
(b) By using the virtual displacement principle/Influence Line Method.
Also sketch the Shear Force and Bending Moment Diagrams for the beam,
showing the values at
intervals.
Figure P1.1

2.

Figure P1.2
3.

Figure P1.3
4.

Figure P1.2 shows a simply-supported beam AB with a roller at end A and a

hinge at end B, subjected to a uniformly distributed load as shown. Find the
reactions at the two ends A and B:
(a) By using the equations of static equilibrium.
(b) By using the virtual displacement principle/Influence Line Method.
Also sketch the Shear Force and Bending Moment Diagrams for the beam,
showing the values at
intervals.
Figure P1.3 shows a frame subjected to loads as shown. Find the
reactions at roller support C and at hinge support E:
(a) By using the equations of static equilibrium.
(b) By using the virtual displacement principle/Influence Line
Method.
Also sketch the Shear Force and Bending Moment Diagrams for the
frame. For each segment (AB, BC, CD and DE) sketch the free-body
diagrams and verify that each segment is in equilibrium.
A frame ABC has a roller support at A and hinge support at C. The frame has
a rigid connection at B. The frame is subjected to a linearly varying load with
intensity of
at B to
at C on segment BC as shown. For the
purpose of finding the reactions this load can be substituted by point loads
and , representing a uniform load of intensity
on BC and a
triangularly varying load of intensity
at B and
at C,
respectively. This substitution is done because the centroids of a uniform
load and of a triangularly varying load are known. Consequently, the point
loads, and
act at location of this centroids, as shown.
Find the reactions at roller support A and at hinge support C:
(a) By using the equations of static equilibrium.
(b) By using the virtual displacement principle/Influence Line Method.
Also sketch the Shear Force and Bending Moment Diagrams for the frame.
For each segment (AB and BC) sketch the free-body diagrams and verify that
each segment is in equilibrium.

Figure P1.4
5.

Figure P1.5
6.

Figure P1.6

Find the reactions at all supports:

(a) By using the equations of static equilibrium.
(b) By using the virtual displacement principle.
Also sketch the Shear Force and Bending Moment
Diagrams for the frame. For each segment (AB, BC
and CD) sketch the free-body diagrams and verify that
each segment is in equilibrium.
Find the reactions at all supports:
(a) By using the equations of static equilibrium.
(b) By
using
the
virtual
displacement
principle/Influence Line Method.
Also sketch the Shear Force and Bending Moment
Diagrams for the frame. Also find the axial force in the
truss element AB. For each segment (AB, BC, CD and BE)
sketch the free-body diagrams and verify that each
segment is in equilibrium.

1.

CE-207 STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS I

TUTORIAL 2: Rotations and Deflections in Beams by Kinematic, Conjugate Beam and Unit Load Methods
Sketch the Curvature Diagram and the Deflected shape for the
cantilever beam AB show in Figure P2.1. Compute the rotation,
, and vertical deflection,
at B and also the rotation, ,
and vertical deflection,
at C, the mid-span point of beam AB.
Figure P2.1

2.

Sketch the Curvature Diagram and the Deflected shape for the
simply supported beam AB show in Figure P2.2. Compute the
rotation,
, at A and also the rotation,
, and vertical
deflection,
at C, the mid-span point of beam AB. EI is
constant for the beam.
Figure P2.2

3.

The beam of Figure P1.1 has constant EI. Compute the rotation,
the rotation,

, and vertical deflection,

, and vertical deflection,

at A and also

at C, the mid-span point of beam AB.

4.

5.

6.
7.

8.

The beam of Figure P1.2 has constant EI. Compute the rotation,
, at A and the vertical deflection,
at C,
the mid-span point of beam AB.
The frame of Figure P1.3 has constant EI. Find the rotations at supports C and E. Also find the horizontal
deflection,
, vertical deflection,
, and rotation,
, at A. Also find the vertical deflection,
, at D.
The beam of Figure P1.5 has constant EI. Find the vertical deflection at internal hinge B, as well as the rotation
just to the left and just to the right of internal hinge B.
For the frame shown in Figure P2.7, compute the horizontal
displacement at B and D.
For all members
and

Figure P2.7
The reinforced concrete beam shown in
Figure P2.8 is pre-stressed by a steel cable
that induces a compression force of
with an eccentricity of
. The external
effect of the pre-stressing is to apply an axial
force of
and equal end moments
as shown. The axial force causes the
beam to shorten, but produces no bending
deflections. The end-moments
bend the
beam upward. Determine the initial camber
of the beam at mid span immediately after
the cable is tensioned.
Given:
,
,
, beam weight
Note: Over time the initial deflection will
increase due to creep by about 100 to 200
percent.

Figure P2.8

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

CE-207 STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS I

TUTORIAL 3: Influence Lines by Muller-Breslau Principle
For the beam shown in Figure P1.1, draw the influence lines for shear force and bending moment for beam
sections at every
intervals. Using these influence lines compute the shear force and bending moment at
these sections for the given loading. Verify with the values you had obtained while doing problem P1.1.
For the beam shown in Figure P1.2, draw the influence lines for shear force and bending moment for beam
sections at every
intervals. Using these influence lines compute the shear force and bending moment at
these sections for the given loading. Verify with the values you had obtained while doing problem P1.2.
For the frame shown in Figure P1.3, draw the influence lines for shear force and bending moment at D. Using
these influence lines compute the shear force and bending moment at D for the given loading. Verify with the
values you had obtained while doing problem P1.3.
For the frame shown in Figure P1.4, draw the influence lines for bending moment at B. Using this influence line
compute the bending moment at B for the given loading. Verify with the values you had obtained while doing
problem P1.4.
For the frame shown in Figure P1.5, draw the influence lines for bending moment at support C, and for shear
force just to the left and right of support C. Using these influence lines compute the bending moment at C and
shear force just to the left and right of support C for the given loading. Verify with the values you had obtained
while doing problem P1.5.
For the frame shown in Figure P1.6, draw the influence lines for bending moment at the location of the
load at the mid-span of member BC. Using this influence lines compute the bending moment at the section for
the given loading. Verify with the values you had obtained while doing problem P1.6.
8.
Draw the influence line for bending moment
and shear force at G.

9.
Figure P3.7

Figure P3.8
Draw the influence line for vertical reactions at
supports A and I.

Beam AC is connected to a truss member DB at B.

Draw the influence line for the axial force in DB, the
vertical reaction at support A, and the bending
moment at middle of AB.
Figure P3.9
Assume that all the joints of the truss
are pin-connected (they are shown
riveted in the Figure P3.10). Draw the
Influence Lines for reactions and axial
forces in members AB, BC, GF, AG, GB
and BF. Using these influence lines
compute the maximum axial force that
can arise in these members due to the
movable loading shown.

10.

Figure P3.10
11.

The beam shown is subjected to a moving concentrated load of

. Construct the envelope of both maximum positive and
negative bending moments for the beam by considering sections at
intervals.
Figure P3.11

1.

CE-207 STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS I

TUTORIAL 4: Analysis of Trusses: Method of Joints and Method of Sections
2.

Figure P4.1
Analyze the truss by the method of Joints.
3.

Figure P4.2
Analyze the truss by the method of
Joints.
4.

Figure P4.4
Analyze the truss by the method of
Sections.

Figure P4.3
Analyze the truss by the method of Joints.
5.

6.

Figure P5.6
Analyze the truss.

Figure P5.5
Analyze the truss.
7.

8.

Figure P5.7
Analyze the truss.
Figure P5.8
Analyze the truss.

CE-207 STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS I

TUTORIAL 5: Analysis of Cable Structures
1.
Determine the reactions at the supports A and E. Also
determine the cable sags at C and D. Also find the tension
and slopes to the horizontal for all cable segments AB, BC,
CD and DE. In which segment is the cable tension and slope
to the horizontal maximum.
Figure P5.1
2.
What value of is associated with the minimum volume of
cable material required to support the
load? The
allowable stress in the cable is
.
Figure P5.2
3.

The cables have been dimensioned so that a 3-kip tension

force develops in each vertical strand when the main cables
are tensioned. What value of jacking force must be applied
at supports B and C to tension the system?

Figure P5.3

Also find the sags of each main cable AB and CD at the

location of the vertical strands. Then find the length of each
vertical strand.

4.
Compute the support reactions and the maximum tension in
the cable.
Also find the equation for the cable sag measured from the
chord AB. Is the equation for the cable sag a parabolic
equation?
Figure P5.4
5.
Find the tensions in vertical hangers at B and C.
Find the reactions at A and D.
Find the sag in cable ABCD at B and C.

Figure P5.5
6.

The cable supported roof shown is composed of

24 equally spaced cables that span from a
tension ring at the center to a compression ring
on the perimeter. The tension ring lies
below the compression ring. The roof weighs
based on the horizontal projection of
roof area. If the sag at mid-span of each cable is
, determine the tensile force each cable
applies to the compression ring.

Figure P5.6
What is the required area of each cable if the allowable stress is
tension ring required to balance the vertical components of the cable forces.

? Determine the weight of the

CE-207 STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS I

TUTORIAL 6: Analysis of Arches
1.

Figure P6.1
2.

Figure P6.1 is a three-hinged trussed arch.

The geometry of the bottom chord of the
truss is shaped to be funicular for uniform
loads, such as for those shown. Member
KJ, which is detailed so that it cannot
transmit axial force, acts as a simple beam
instead of a truss member.
Find the reactions and forces in all truss
members.
Also solve the truss for a
vertical
load only at joint L.
3.
Determine
the
reactions at supports
A and C for the three
hinged circular arch.

Figure P6.2
If the arch has a
For the parabolic arch shown, plot the
constant EI, find the
variation of the thrust at the support A for
horizontal
and
values of
vertical
If the arch section is shaped so that its
displacements of the
sectional area is proportional to the thrust
hinge B.
Consider
Figure P6.3
at the section, find the vertical displacement
only
bending
of the hinge B for different values of . Take
deformations.
to be constant.
CE-207 STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS I
TUTORIAL 7: Analysis of Indeterminate Structures by the Flexibility Method
Note: In all problems EI is constant.
1.
(a) Find all the reactions by taking the vertical reaction at C as the
redundant.
(b) Find all the reactions by taking the bending moment at A as the
redundant.
Which choice of redundant involved less effort?
Figure P7.1
2.
(a) Find all the reactions by taking the vertical reaction at B as the

Figure P7.2
3.

Figure P7.3

redundant.
(b) Find all the reactions by taking the bending moment at A as the
redundant.
Which choice of redundant involved less effort?
(a) Find all the reactions by taking the vertical reaction at C as the
redundant.
(b) Find all the reactions by taking the vertical reaction at B as the
redundant.
(c) Find all the reactions by taking the bending moment at B as the
redundant.
Which choice of redundant involved less effort?

4.
Determine the reactions for the beam in Figure P7.4. When the
uniform load is applied, the fixed support at A rotates clockwise
0.003 radians and support B settles by
.
Given:
and
.
Figure P7.4

CE-207 STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS I

TUTORIAL 8: Analysis of Indeterminate Structures by the Flexibility Method
Note: In all problems EI is constant, unless stated otherwise.
1.
Find the reactions and draw the shear force and bending moment
diagrams by taking the following redundants:
(a) vertical reaction at B and bending moment at B.
(b) bending moment at A and bending moment at B.
(c) shear and bending moment at the mid-span of the beam.
Figure P8.1
Which choice of redundants involved less effort?
2.
Find the reactions and draw the shear force and bending moment
diagrams by taking the following redundants:
(a) vertical reaction at D and bending moment at D.
(b) bending moment at A and bending moment at D.
(c) shear and bending moment at the mid-span of the beam.
Which choice of redundants involved less effort?
Figure P8.2
3. The beam and the loading are symmetric in 4. Find the reactions and
both Figures P8.1 and P8.2. For the choice
draw the shear force
(c) of the redundants, you must have
and bending moment
obtained the value of the redundant shear
diagrams by taking the
at the mid-span of the beam as zero. Now,
following redundants:
solve both problems by using the (a) Horizontal reaction at D.
knowledge that the bending moments at (b) Vertical reaction at D.
the two-fixed ends must be equal to each
other because of symmetry. This would Which
choice
of
also reduce the number of redundants to redundants involved less
Figure P8.4
just one.
effort?
5.
6. Solve.
7. Solve. All members have same EA.

Figure P8.5
Solve and Draw the Bending
Moment Diagram
8.

Solve. All members have same EI.

Figure P8.6
Figure P8.7
9. Solve. All members have same EA.

Figure P8.8
11

Solve. All members have same EA.

Figure P8.10

Figure P8.9
Is the force in members DB and AC nearly the same?
Do they take nearly equal horizontal shear equal to
?

CE-207 STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS I

TUTORIAL 9: Analysis of Indeterminate Structures by the Flexibility Method
Note: In all problems EI or EA is constant, unless stated otherwise.
1. Solve.
2. Compute the reactions and draw the shear force and bending
moment diagrams for the beam.
,

Figure P9.2

Figure P9.1
3. Solve.

4. Determine the reactions and bar forces, when the top chord ABCD of
the truss are subjected to
temperature increase.
Given:
,
,

Figure P9.3
Figure P9.4
5. Figure P9.5a shows the Influence Line for Bending Moment at support B for a continuous beam with two equal
spans and constant EI.

Figure P9.5a
Where, the bending moment at support B due to a concentrated Load

Figure P9.5b
shall be:

The ordinates of the I.L. are given at every

and the sign is given inside the curve considering hogging moment
to be negative and the load acting downwards.
The value,
, for example, gives the average height of the influence line in span AB. This means that if
span AB is loaded by a uniform load , then the bending moment at B shall be:
Use the Muller-Breslau Principle to obtain the values of the influence coefficients on your own.
Figure P9.5b shows the shape of the Influence line for shear at mid-span point of beam AB. By using the influence
line coefficients for Bending Moment at Support B, obtain the coefficients for the influence line for shear at midspan of beam AB at every
.

CE-207 STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS I

QUIZ with 2 Questions
Enrolment No. & Name of Student:
1.

Figure 1
Please write your solution below this line:

Figure 1 shows a hanging weightless cable ABCDE

with loads at B, C and D, as shown. The elevation
difference between the ends A and E of the cable is
as shown. The sag of the cable at B, as
measured from the chord connecting ends A and E
of the cable, is
, as shown.
Find the vertical sag at D as measured from the
chord connecting ends A and E.
(5 Marks)

2.
Figure 2 shows a three-hinged parabolic arch with
hinges at A, C and E. Find the reactions.
(5 Marks)
Figure 2
Please write your solution below this line: