Not from concentrate[edit]

Orange juice that is pasteurized and then sold to consumers without having
been concentrated is labeled as "not from concentrate". Just as "from
concentrate" processing, most "not from concentrate" processing reduces
the natural flavor from the juice. The largest producers of "not from
concentrate" use a production process where the juice is placed in aseptic
storage, with the oxygen stripped from it, for up to a year.
Removing the oxygen also strips out flavor-providing compounds, and so
manufactures add a flavor pack in the final step,[7] which Cooks Illustrated
magazine describes as containing "highly engineered additives." Flavor
pack formulas vary by region, because consumers in different parts of the
world have different preferences related to sweetness, freshness and
acidity.[8] According to the citrus industry, the Food and Drug Administration
does not require the contents of flavor packs to be detailed on a product's
packaging.[9]
One common component of flavor packs is ethyl butyrate, a natural aroma
that people associate with freshness, and which is removed from juice
during pasteurization and storage. Cooks Illustrated sent juice samples to
independent laboratories, and found that while fresh-squeezed juice
naturally contained about 1.19 milligrams of ethyl butyrate per liter, juice
that had been commercially processed had levels as high as 8.53
milligrams per liter.[8]

Canned orange juice[edit]

A small fraction of fresh orange juice is canned. Canned orange juice

retains Vitamin C much better than bottled juice.[10] The canned product
loses flavor, however, when stored at room temperature for more than 12
weeks.[11] In the early years of canned orange juice, the acidity of the juice
caused the juice to have a metallic taste. In 1931, Dr. Philip Phillips
developed a flash pasteurization process that eliminated this problem and
significantly increased the market for canned orange juice. [12]

Freshly squeezed, unpasteurized juice[edit]

Mexico City merchant with his freshly squeezed orange juice, March 2010

Fresh-squeezed, unpasteurized juice is the closest to consuming the

orange itself. This version of the juice consists of oranges that are
squeezed and then bottled without having any additives or flavor packs
inserted. The juice is not subjected to pasteurization. Fresh squeezed
orange juice has a typical shelf life of 12 days.[citation needed]

Major orange juice brands[edit]

In the U.S., the major orange juice brand is Tropicana Products (owned by
PepsiCo Inc.), which possesses nearly 65%[citation needed] of the market share.
Tropicana also has a large presence in Latin America, Europe, and Central
Asia. Competing products include Minute Maid (of The Coca-Cola
Company) and Florida's Natural (a Florida-based agricultural cooperative
that differentiates itself from the competition by using only Florida grown
oranges; Tropicana and Simply Orange use a mixture of domestic and
foreign stock). In Australia, Daily Juice (owned by National Foods) is a
major brand of partially fresh, partially preserved, [13] orange juice.
In the United Kingdom, major orange juice brands include Del Monte and
Princes.

Additives[edit]

Some producers add citric acid or ascorbic acid to juice beyond what is
naturally found in the orange. Some also include other nutrients. Often,

additional vitamin C is added to replace that destroyed in pasteurization.

Additional calcium may be added. Vitamin D, not found naturally in
oranges, may be added as well. Sometimes Omega-3 fatty acids from fish
oils are added to orange juice.[14] Low-acid varieties of orange juice also are
available.
Juice producers generally use evaporators to remove much of the water
from the juice in order to decrease its weight and decrease transportation
costs.[15]
Because the process removes the distinct aroma compounds that give it a
fresh-squeezed taste, producers later add back these compounds in a
proprietary mixture, called a "flavor pack", in order to improve the taste and
to ensure a consistent year-round taste. [15][16] The compounds in the flavor
packs are derived from orange peels.[16] Producers do not mention the
addition of flavor packs on the label of the orange juice. [16]