WiMAX Introduction

Samsung Electronics

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Introduction

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2
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What is Mobile WiMAX?

WiMAX: Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access

Broadband
Wireless

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Mobility
y

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WiMAX Standards

IEEE 802.16 - MAC/PHY

Fixed WiMAX: IEEE 802.16-2004 Air Interface Standard
Cost-effective alternative or complement to cable and DSL

Mobile WiMAX: IEEE 802.16e-2005 Amendment

Features and attributes to support mobility

WiMAX Forum to Promote WiMAX business

SPWG (Service Providers Working Group)
High-level requirements

TWG (Technical Working Group)

Release 1.0 system performance and certification profiles based on 802.16e
2.3-2.4 GHz, 2.496-2.690 GHz, and 3.4-3.6 GHz freq. bands

NWG (Network Working Group)

High-level
g
networking
g specifications
p
for end-to-end operation
p

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Why Mobile WiMAX (802.16e)?

Mobile WiMAX Will Meet
Emerging Customer Need
for Mobile Internet
Broadband,
but Fixed

3G is Mobile,
but Narrowband

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Offers Varying Levels of

B
Broadband
db d Data,
D t Voice,
V i
& Video
Vid
for Multiple Devices and Usage
Models
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Comparison with Other Technologies

All IP-based
Simple N/W Architecture
Low cost spectrum

Low TCO

(Total Cost of Ownership)

High Throughput
Fast Connection Time
Broadcasting Service Premium

Service

Scheduling MACOutstanding
Seamless H/O Quality
QoS / Security
Wide coverage

High Availability
Remote Monitoring
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PDA, Smartphone,
PCMCIA, CPE,
Mobile Router
Various

Device

vs.
3G
Cellular

vs.
Fixed
WiMAX Mobility

vs.
Wi-Fi
(802.11)

vs.
LTE

Mobile
WiMAX
(802.16/16e)

Data/Voice Roaming
LBS, Mobile Office

Support

Advanced
Timing Numbers of commercial
Easier
Maintenance

and trial deployment

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Global WiMAX Status

438 operators are operating or
will operate WiMAX network in 126 countries
# of Operators by regions
149

84

Fi ed
Fixed

84
73
48

F : 38
M : 21

F : 35
M: 4

F : 74
M : 12

F : 42
M: 5

F : 20
M: 7

APAC CALA EU

MEA

NA

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Commercial

(Source : WiMAX Forum, Aug. 08)

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Mobile WiMAX Positioning

1995

2000

2005

2010+
4G
IMTAdvanced

3G
LTE
Fast

Mobile
WiMA
X

3G
2G

(IMT-2000)

(Digital)

Slow

802.11b

WLAN
W AN
(2.4GHz)

WLAN
(5GHz)

WLAN
W AN
(5GHz)

PAN
802.11a/g

~ 14.4 kbps

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144 kbps

384 kbps

802.11n

20 Mbps

100 Mbps

1Gbps

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Mobile WiMAX Technology Roadmap

Al
Already
d Applied
A li d K
Key T
Technologies
h l i off IMT
IMT-Advanced
Ad
d (4G)
OFDMA, MIMO, All-IP Network Architecture
1000

100

OFDMA-MIMO
DL 344Mbps,UL 88Mbps@40/20/10MHz
TDD
UL 150Mbps@20/10MHz FDD
DL 276Mbps
276Mbps,UL
Spec. targets up to
OFDMA-MIMO
Nomadic 1Gbps / Mobile 100Mbps

10MHz TDD (2:1)

20

DL 37.44 Mbps
OFDMA

UL 10.08 Mbps

10MHz TDD (2:1)

DL 19.97 Mbps
UL 5.04 Mbps

2006
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2007

2010
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Mobile WiMAX vs 3G Cellular

Similar
technology
Comparable
performance

OFDMA, IP core
IMS

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O
MIMO

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Salient Features

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Summary Salient Features

Hi
High
hD
Data
t R
Rates
t and
dC
Coverage A
Area:
OFDM, MIMO, BF, Adaptive Modulation & Coding, HARQ, etc
Peak DL/UL data rates up to 37Mbps/10Mbps in a 10MHz channel
End-to-end Quality of Service (QoS):
Service Flows map to DiffServ code points
Frame-by-frame flexible air scheduling, 5 different traffic types
Mobility: Optimized handover
Latency = 50 ~ 100 ms and packet buffering
Ensure real-time applications without service degradation
All IP network: Simple & scalable, low delay
Fast Connection Time
Idle to Awake transition (QCS) is 8 faster than HSDPA
Best in class Security

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Various MIMO technologies

BF (Beam Forming)
Weighted signals combined constructively at Rx for low mobility
STC (Space Time Coding)
Diversity combining at Rx for high mobility
SM (Spatial Multiplexing)
Capacity increase by min(#Tx ant, #Rx ant), CSM @UL
OFDM allows the best performance of MIMO
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MIMO Adaptive Mode Switching

STC increases coverage while SM increases capacity

Adaptive switching between MIMO-A and MIMO-B is necessary
SM is only applicable in 64QAM (when CINR is better than STC 64QAM 5/6 case) in
Samsung BS systems
MCS
MIMO
mode
d

STC

Source: Motorola

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SM

Modulation

modulation
order
d

code
rate
t

repetition

QPSK
QPSK
QPSK
QPSK
Q
QPSK
16QAM
16QAM
64QAM
64QAM
64QAM
64QAM
64QAM
64QAM
64QAM

2
2
2
2
2
4
4
6
6
6
6
6
6
6

0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.75
0.50
0.75
0.50
0 67
0.67
0.75
0.83
0.50
0.67
0.83

6
4
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

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MIMO Adaptive Mode Switching

Peak Throughput
SM
(Mbps)

Modulation

Code Rate

Peak Throughput
SIMO & STC
(Mbps)

QPSK

1/12

0.53

1.06

QPSK

1/8

0.79

1.58

QPSK

1/4

1.58

3.17

QPSK

1/2

3.17

6.34

QPSK

3/4

4.75

9.50

16QAM

1/2

6.34

12.67

16QAM

3/4

9.50

19.01

64QAM

1/2

9.50

19.01

64QAM

2/3

12.67

25.34

64QAM

3/4

14.26

28.51

64QAM

5/6

15.84

31.68

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HARQ (Hybrid Automatic Repeat and reQuest)

Low redundancy (coding rate) first and send more if NAK
Performance improvement in fading channel due to adaptive time diversity
Throughput
Th
h t off HARQ with
ith code
d combining
bi i
and
d di
diversity
it combining:
bi i
R=2/3
R 2/3 sub
b codes
d
over AWGN
Max iteration= 8, Information block size=496bits, Number of sub codes for combining=2
1

0.9

08
0.8

THRO
OUGHPUT

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0
-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

Es/No (dB)

Incremental Redundancy

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Chase Combing

Conventional ARQ
without Soft Combing
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End--to
End
to--end QoS support
Ai
Air iinterface:
t f
802.16e QoS parameters: max rate, min reserved rate, latency,
5 QoS classes: UGS, ertPS, rtPS, nrtPS, BE
Realized by Scheduling
S
and Admission Control
C
Backhaul (Between ASN-GW and BS):
Per-flow rate limiting and differentiated scheduling based on Ethernet CoS
Core network:
ASN-GW marks/remarks IP DSCP on the packets when transmitting to or
receiving from the core networks

SS/MS

RAS

Aggregation
Switch/Router

ACR

IP/MPLS
Transport Network

Core Network

CE
Cell Sites

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WiMAX ASN BackHaul Transport

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QoS mapping examples

Applications and QoS mapping between 802.16 MAC class, IP DSCP and Ethernet CoS
-. Operator can configure mapping

Application

Characteristics

MAC QoS

VoIP w/o
silence
suppression,
pp
,
E1/T1

Real time traffic with fixed rate

(fixed-size packets generated
periodically)
p
y)

VoIP with
silence
suppression

Real time traffic with variable rate

(variable-size packets generated
periodically)

ertPS

MPEG video

Real time traffic with variable rate

(variable-size packets generated
periodically)

rtPS

FTP
(premium
data service)
HTTP,
e mail
e-mail

IP DSCP

Ethernet
h
CoS

UGS
CoS6

Delay-tolerant
Delay
tolerant data traffic with
bandwidth assurance
Data traffic without any QoS
requirements

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EF

CoS4

nrtPS

AF

COS2

BE

BE

COS0

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Static QoS: SF Provisioning

MS

BS

AAA

ASN-GW

WSM

Per-Flow QoS profile & Classification rule configuration

(configured by operator)

Network entry

Authentication
Service flow (SF) provisioning:
Download per-flow QoS ID list per user

Extract Per-SF
QoS Profile

DSA-REQ
DSA-RSP
DSA-ACK

R6

Per-SF QoS enforcement

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Diameter

SF setup

DSA : Dynamic Service Addition

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Simple/Efficient Network Architecture

3GPP WCDMA/HSPA

M WiMAX
M-WiMAX

ASN GW

MSC

GGSN

All IP Network : No Hybrid

Simplified : 4 NE 2 NE
SGSN

IP

Low CAPEX/OPEX
Low backhaul cost
Low end-to-end delay
BS

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RNC

Node-B

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Fast Connection Time

D
Definition
fi iti off C
Connection
ti Ti
Time
Idle (dormant) to Awake (active) mode transition time
Connection Time Measurement
Mobile WiMAX enables 8 times faster connection time than HSDPA
M-WiMAX (WiBro): 282.4 ms average
HSDPA: 2389.2 ms average

M-WiMAX

0.2 sec

HSPA

2.5 sec

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Click!

Ready!

Click!

Ready!

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Fast Connection Time Benefits

Faster Response Time

Applications with frequent idle/awake switching can have better response time when re-entering
network
Applications adequate for fast connection time

General Web access (download/read = awake/idle)

PTx (Push-to-All: Talk/Multimedia)
Instant Messaging
Network-based interactive games

Higher
Hi h effective
ff ti d
data
t rate
t = ffaster
t user-perceived
i d response ti
time

Download Time

Effective Data Rate when

downloading 100 kbytes(1)

Mobile WiMAX

482 ms

1.7 Mbps (x6)

HSDPA

2859 ms

280 kbps

(1) Instantaneous download rate for this calculation : Mobile WiMAX 4 Mbps, HSDPA 1.7 Mbps

282ms 200ms
Mobile WiMAX
2389ms

470ms

HSPA
Time for connection

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Time for downloading

download time
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Fast Connection Time Benefits

Cell Capacity Increase

Mobile WiMAX system can configure shorter active timer
HSPA system needs to maintain active state due to longer connection time for applications requiring
fast response.
Longer battery lifetime

Mobile WiMAX system uses resources more efficiently, thus, effective cell capacity increases

HSxPA
M-WiMAX
per-connection status

Resources can be allocated

for other connections.

time

Connection time
Awake/Active download time
Wait for timer

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Fast Connection Time Analysis

M
Mobile
bil WiMAX Provides
P id a Separated
S
t d Ranging
R
i Channel
Ch
l
In OFDM, high power allocation for initial ranging is possible
In CDMA, ranging power is incrementally added

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Fast Connection Time Analysis

Mobile WiMAX Provides Fast Network Re-entry
y Procedure
Mobile WiMAX
Save the MS capability & MAC level session records as well as IP address
Recover the stored information when coming back to awake mode
(capability negotiation is not required)

HSDPA
Connection re-setup is required for both (Node-B ~ RNC) and (RNC ~ SGSN)
MS capability negotiation is necessary

Saving
Location
Mobile
WiMAX

ASN-GW

Saving Information
MS Capability
MAC/IP Information

Wakeup Process
Radio resource update

(only obtain a new connection identifier)

Connection setup for both Node
Node-B~RNC
B RNC

HSDPA

SGSN

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and RNC~SGSN
MAC/IP Information MS Capability Negotiation
Radio resource re-allocation for user
dedicated control channel and bearer channel

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Thank You

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