Elite Batch 2012

Structure of Nucleic Acids, Chromosomes and

Human Genome
2013
1. Metacentric chromosome means
a. centromere near the tip of the chromosome
b. centromeres somewhere between the middle and the tip
c. c-centromere near the middle of chromosome
2. In testing of a DNA sequences it has been found that the percentage of the
adenine is 21% ,Thymine 32% , Guanine 22% and Cytosine 25 % , Probably
this DNA is referred to which of the following??
a. Human being
b. Plant
c. Tar
d. Bacteria plasmid
2011

1. Question gives us purine and pyrimidine and asked what that is? means that
you need to know their shapes
You need to know that ((T=G)) => is a mutation

2. The absorbance at 260 nm of a DNA solution increase when the double helix
is melted into single strands
How much is the absorbance??? Increased by 40%
3. Question about ((LDL receptor gene)), it was from the slides but we couldnt
remember it: /

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4. Question about that figure, which step represent chromosome scaffold???

No year specified
1. The defect in LDL receptor in familial hypercholesterolemia
a. Transversion mutation
b. Exon deletion
c. Alu repeat amplification
d. Alu repeat deletion
e. Spontaneous deamination of thymine
2. Most of the DNA in the eukaryotic nucleus is packaged in nucleosomes
with
a. Histones
b. Snurps
c. Ribosomal proteins
d. Topoisomerases
3. Adjacent nucleotides are joined by a
a. 2-5 Phosphodiester Bond
b. 3-5 Phosphodiester Bond
c. Glycosidic Bond
d. 5-5 Phosphodiester Bond
e. 2-2 Phosphodiester Bond
4. Which of the following double-stranded DNA molecules has the lowest
Tm(temperature)?
a. GCGCGCGC
CGCGCGCG
b. GCCATGGC
CGGTACCG
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c.

GGAATTCC
CCTTAAGG
d. GAAATTTC
CTTTAAAG
e. ATATATAT
TATATATA
5. The order of bases from left to right is

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

UAGCT
TGACU
ATCGU
TAGUC
TAGCU

6. Double helical DNA molecules are stabilized in aqueous solution by

a. Interstrand charge interactions between phosphate residues on the
two strands
b. Hydrophobic stacking of bases in the interior of the helix
c. Ionic interactions between base pairs
d. Interstand H-bonding between deoxyribose residues
e. Decreasing the ionic strength of the solution
7. Hot-spots mutation regions are rich in:
a. AT
b. AA
c. GG
d. CG
e. CC
8. Some eukaryotic cells have a specialized mismatch repair system that
recognizes G-T mismatches and changes them to G-C (never to A-T)
regardless of which nucleotide is in the parental strand. This system
safeguards against:
a. Methylated cytosines that deaminate to thymine
b. Methylated guanines that deaminate to adenine
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c.
The inability of the generalized repair system to recognize GT mismatches
d. Mismatches that remain after it is too late to discriminate between
the parental and daughter strand
e. Formation of thymine dimers
9. What is the percentage of exons and introns in the human genome?
a. Exons=10%, introns=10%
b. Exons=5%, introns=30%
c. Exons=1.5%, introns=60%
d. Exons=20%, introns=80%
e. Exons=50%,introns=50%

No year specified

1. What is the % of human genome that is shared by all mammals?

a. 5%
2. Chromatin is:
b. DNA-protein complex
3. Phenotype depends on:
a. Genotype
b. Genotype and environment
c. Environment
4. CpG sequences are present in?
a. ALU
b. Near promoter
5. How many regulatory regions present in the human genome?
a. Four million
6. Familial Hypercholesterolemia caused by
a. Mutation of LDL receptor gene
7. Youngest cell of the following according to telomere length
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a.
10 kbp
b.
5 kbp
c. 2 kbp
8. Transgenic organisms is:
a. Transfer of genetic material to the nucleus of a fertilized egg
9. Wavelength at maximum DNA absorption
a. 260 nm

No year specified
1. Which of the following form the structural histones of octamers?
a. H1
b. H2A and H2B
c. H3 and H4
d. All histones
e. All histones except H1
2. Which of the following statements describing the model of DNA structure
is FALSE:
a. Helical structure is stabilized only by hydrogen bonds
b. The double helical structure has two grooves running regularly along
its length. One is larger than the other
c. The two chains in the double helix have antiparallel direction
d. The classical hydrogen bonding between A/T and C/G is found in ZDNA
3. Which of the following deaminates to Uracil?

___________________
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4.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

Methylcytosines are common sites for mutations because they:

Can mispair with adenine
Can deaminate to uracil
Can deaminate to xanthine
When deaminated prevent discrimination between the daughter
and parental strand
Are not recognized by the proofreading activity of DNA polymerase

5. Which of the following forms of eukaryotic DNA structure is the most

common?
a. A-DNA
b. B-DNA
c. Z-DNA
d. Bent DNA
e. H-DNA
6. In pyrimidine degradation what is wrong:
a. uracil is converted to alanine, CO2 and NH4
b. thymine is converted to aminois obutyric acid, CO2 and NH4
c. thymine comes only from DNA
d. uracil only comes from RNA
e. none of the above
7. all of the following are TRUE similarities between purines and
pyrimidines except
a. both contain a hexagonal ring
b. both use glutamine and aspartic acid as a source of nitrogen in the de
novo synthesis
c. both use amino acids as a source of carbon atoms in the de novo
synthesis
d. both use CO2 as a source of carbon atoms in the de novo synthesis
e. degradation of both results in the breakdown of the ring
8. What is wrong about DNA structure?
a. The backbone is the same in all DNAs, and made from sugar and
phosphodiester bonds.
b. C-G rich regions are more difficult to break (higher melting
temperature) than A-T rich regions
c. It is always read from the 5 terminus to the 3 terminus
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d.
e.

The two stands in DNA are complementary and antiparallel

None of the above

9. About structural forms of DNA, what is WRONG?

a. B-DNA is the most common form
b. Z-DNA has higher number of base pairs per turn than A-DNA
c. A-DNA is obtained by moderately dehydrating B-DNA
d. Z-DNA is commonly found in areas of alternating poly dG-dV
e. Structural forms can never change from one to another
10. About organization of DNA in eukaryotes, what is wrong?
a. Chromosomes are the highest level of organization
b. The histone core in nucleosomes contains a pair of each of: H2A,
H2B, H3 and H4
c. A chromatosome with less than 1666 base pairs does not contain H1
d. The telomere is not important in non-dividing cells
e. None of the above
11. About deamination of cytosine, what is wrong?
a. Leads to the formation of uracil
b. It is a transition mutation
c. It is a point mutation
d. It is corrected by nucleotide excision repair
e. None of the above
12. All of the followings can be called nucleotides, except
a. Nitrogenous base + pentose sugar + phosphate group
b. Nucleoside + two phosphate groups
c. Adenine + phosphate group
d. ATP
e. None of the above
13. The ribonucleoside for of Hypoxanthine is
a. Hypoxanthosine
b. Xanthosine
c. Deoxyinosine
d. Inosine-5-monophosphate
e. None of the above
14. About the pentose sugar in nucleotides, what is WRONG
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a.
It is a ribose sugar
b.
It is ribose-5-phosphate in RNA
c. It is 2deoxyribose-5-phosphate in DNA
d. It forms -N-glycosidic bond between C1 and N6 with purines
e. It forms -N-glycosidic bond between C1 and N1 with pyrimidines
15. One of the following is WRONG about the de novo synthesis of purines
a. It occurs in 10 metabolic steps
b. All steps occur in the cytosol
c. What is equivalent to 6 ATP molecules are used to produce one
molecule of IMP
d. The first step is the commited step
e. The final products of the core pathway includes; IMP, GMP and
AMP
16. In nucleotides all are true EXCEPT:
a. Bases attached to the C1 of ribose in DNA
b. Purines have two rings while pyrimidines have one
c. Thymine with deoxy ribose called thymidine
d. Human can but bacteria cant synthesize nucleotides
17. About nucleotides, all true EXCEPT:
a. DNA nucleotide contain 2 deoxyribose
b. RNA contains U
c. P attached to C5 in ribose
d. bond between C and the ribose is N9 C1 glycosidic bond
18. in DNA all incorrect EXCEPT:
a. Formed from poyribonucleotides
b. Bonds used in DNA are 33 phosphodiester
c. DNA bonds are linear or branched
d. The 5end contains OH group
e. Direction is 5 to 3
19. All true about nucleotides except:
a. Cells contains RNA more than DNA
b. Nucleotides can pass cell membrane
c. Nucleotides defect can cause immune deficiency
d. Drug similar to nucleotide structure used to treat gout
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20. Which of the following histones is associated with DNA in a

chromatosome?
a. H4
b. H2B
c. H1
d. A+B ONLY
e. All of the above

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