BOOKLET BIOL 101, A2

TEST AP101-2

Urinary System

Questions:
Test Duration:
Reading Time:

115 Multiple-Choice Questions

140 minutes
14 minutes

INSTRUCTION:
Only Bilingual Dictionaries allowed, NO NOTES. This test consists of one part, 115
multiple choice questions (numbers 1 to 115) to be answered on the computer answer
sheet (115 marks). Write your name and student number in the spaces provided on the
computer answer sheet. Carefully fill in the shapes on the computer-marked answer
sheet under your name and ID number with a 2B pencil. You must only use a 2B pencil
on the computer answer sheet. Please read the instructions on the answer sheet
carefully and follow them precisely. Select the best answer to questions. If you are
unsure of an answer, eliminate the alternatives that you know to be incorrect and select
answer from the remaining alternatives. To indicate your selection, use a 2B pencil to
blacken the corresponding oval on the computer answer sheet, AP101-1. No marks are
deducted for wrong answers. So students are advised to move on quickly without
wasting too much time on one question. - Advanced questions; require further reading
or online research.

OPEN BLOOKLET ONLY WHEN TIMER IS

Renal Anatomy and Physiology

1. Which of the following would be inappropriate for patients with hypertension?
A. coffee
B. angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor
C. angiotensin II receptor blockers
D. vasopressin
2. Kidneys lie between the dorsal body wall and parietal peritoneum. This position is
called:
A. retroperitoneal
B. intercostal
C. epidural
D. mediastinal
3. The
kidney lies lower than another kidney. This is due to the presence of
(an organ).
A. left, lungs
B. right, liver
C. left, adrenal cortex
D. right, spleen
4. Each kidney has a concave medial surface, called:
A. renal fascia
B. renal capsule
C. renal medulla
D. renal hilum
5. The urinary bladder is composed of ________ epithelium.
A. simple squamous
B. stratified squamous
C. pseudostratified columnar
D. transitional
6. The functional and structural unit of the kidneys is:
A. the loop of Henle
B. the basement membrane of the capillaries
C. Bowman's capsule
D. the nephron
7. Which gland sits atop each kidney?
A. thymus
B. pituitary
C. adrenal
D. pancreas

8. The fatty tissue surrounding the kidneys is important because:

A. it ensures adequate energy for the adrenal glands to operate efficiently
B. it stabilizes the position of the kidneys by holding them in their normal position
C. it produces vitamin D
D. it is necessary as a barrier between the adrenal glands and kidneys
9. The kidneys are stimulated to produce renin:
A. when the specific gravity of urine rises above 1.10
B. when the pH of the urine decreases
C. by a decrease in the blood pressure
D. when the peritubular capillaries are dilated
10.
to:
A.
B.
C.
D.

An increase in the permeability of the cells of the collecting tubule to water is due

11.
A.
B.
C.
D.

The renal corpuscle is made up of:

the renal papilla
the renal pyramid
Bowman's capsule and glomerulus
the descending loop of Henle

12.
A.
B.
C.
D.

Urine passes through the:

pelvis of the kidney to ureter to bladder to urethra
kidney hilus to the bladder to the ureter
glomerulus to ureter to renal tubule
hilus to urethra to bladder

13.
A.
B.
C.
D.

Aldosterone is a mineralocorticoid, a type of hormone that :

increase blood pressure
lower blood pressure
activates RAAS pathway
none of the above

a decrease in the concentration of the blood plasma

an increase in the production of ADH
an increase in the production of aldosterone
a decrease in the production of ADH

14.
A.
B.
C.

Select the correct statement about the ureters

the ureter is innervated by parasympathetic nerve endings only
the ureters are capable of peristalsis like that of the gastrointestinal tract
the epithelium is stratified squamous like the skin, which allows a great deal of
stretch
D. ureters contain sphincters at the entrance to the bladder to prevent the backflow
of urine

15.
A.
B.
C.

The glomerulus differs from other capillaries in the body in that it:
has a basement membrane
is drained by an efferent arteriole
has a blood pressure much lower than other organ systems
3

D. is impermeable to most substances

16.
A.
B.
C.
D.

The ability to form a concentrated urine depends on the functions of the

distal convoluted tubule and proximal convoluted tubule
Bowmans capsule and glomerulus
collecting duct
loop of Henle and collecting duct

17.
A.
B.
C.
D.

The factor favouring filtrate formation at the glomerulus () is

the colloid osmotic pressure
the myogenic mechanism
the glomerular hydrostatic pressure
the capsular hydrostatic pressure

18.
A.
B.
C.
D.

Angiotensin I is converted to Angiotensin II by converting enzymes in the

lungs
liver
heart
kidneys

19.
A.
B.
C.
D.

The function of the proximal convoluted tubule is

adjusting the urine volume
absorption of ions, organic molecules, vitamins and water
secretion of drugs
filtration

20.
A.
B.
C.
D.

Which statement is true about urine?

urine has an ammonia-like odour when fresh
urine has a yellow colour due to the presence of haemoglobin
urine has nitrogenous waste such as urea and uric acid
urine is usually slightly alkaline

21.
Place the following in the correct sequence from the formation of a drop of urine to
its elimination from the body.

a. major calyx
b. minor calyx

c. nephron
d. urethra

e. ureter
f. collecting duct
4

A. b, a, c, f, e, d
B. c, a, b, f, e, d
C. f, c, b, a, e, d
D. c, f, b, a, e, d
E.
22.
Aldosterone:
A. presence increases potassium concentrations in the blood
B. is secreted by the neurohypophysis
C. functions to increase sodium resorption
D. production is greatly influenced by ACTH
F.
G.
23.
The enzyme renin is responsible for the activation of
A. angiotensin
B. adrenaline
C. cortisol
D. erythropoietin
H.
24.
Alcohol acts as a diuretic because it ():
A. increases the rate of glomerular filtration
B. inhibits the release of ADH
C. is not reabsorbed by the tubule cells
D. increases secretion of ADH
I.
25.
The juxtaglomerular apparatus is responsible for:
A. the secretion of drugs
B. the secretion of acids and ammonia
C. regulating the rate of filtrate formation and controlling systemic blood pressure
D. reabsorption of organic molecules, vitamins, and water
J.
26.
While the kidneys process about 180 L of blood-derived fluids daily, the amount
that actually leaves the body is ():
A. 100 L
B. all of the 180 L
C. 50% or 90 L
D. 1% or 1.8 L
K.
27.
Which of the following acts as the trigger/stimulus for the initiation of micturition
(voiding)?
A. the stretching of the bladder wall serves as the trigger
B. the pressure of the fluid in the bladder opens a sphincter and allows the urine to
flow by gravity down the urethra
C. the sympathetic efferents are the predominant system controlling micturition
D. motor neurons control micturition
L.
28.
The function of angiotensin II is to:
A. decrease water absorption
B. constrict arterioles and increase blood pressure
C. decrease the production of aldosterone
D. decrease arterial blood pressure
5

M.
29. The chief force pushing water and solutes out of the blood across the filtration
membrane is:
A. the design and size of the podocytes
B. the size of the pores in the basement membrane of the capillaries
C. glomerular hydrostatic pressure (glomerular blood pressure)
D. the thickness of the capillary endothelium
N.
O.
P.
Q.
30.
Which of the following is not reabsorbed by the proximal convoluted tubule?
A. K+
B. Na+
C. creatinine
D. glucose
R.
31.
Micturition is ():
A. a mechanism for concentrating urine
B. production of urine
C. a sacral reflex
D. secretion of acid
S.
32.
Select the correct statement about the nephrons ():
A. the glomerulus is correctly described as the proximal end of the proximal
convoluted tubule
B. filtration slits are the pores that give fenestrated capillaries their name
C. the parietal layer of the glomerular capsule is simple squamous epithelium
D. podocytes are the branching epithelial cells that line the tubules of the nephron
T.
33.
The mechanism of water reabsorption by the renal tubules is:
A. active transport
B. solvent drag
C. co-transport with sodium ions
D. osmosis via aquaporins
U.
34.
Which of the following substances would you expect to find in the filtrate close to
the glomerulus?
A. glucose
B. platelets
C. red blood cells
D. urea
V.
35.
The area responsible for adjusting the final concentration of the urine is the:
A. proximal convoluted tubule
B. collecting Duct
C. loop of Henle
D. macula densa
W.
36.
Which of the following does not stimulate the release of renin by the kidneys ()?
6

A.
B.
C.
D.
X.
37.
A.
B.
C.
D.
38.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Y.
39.
A.
B.
C.
D.

renal arterial hypotension

decreased sodium delivery to the distal convoluted tubules
sympathetic nervous system activity
increased potassium delivery to the distal convoluted tubules
The presence of _____________ in the urine may be indicative of ________________.
protein, healthy kidneys
glycogen, urinary tract infection
ketones, diabetes
insulin, diabetes
Renal control of pH is due to:
tubular secretion of H+ ions
tubular reabsorption of K+ ions
alterations in the glomerular filtration rate
hormonal control by the juxtaglomerular apparatus

The structure(s) which convey urine from the nephron to the ureters are the:
urethras
collecting ducts
ureters
distal convoluted tubules
Z.
40.
Which one of the following structures contains blood?
A. glomerulus
B. proximal convoluted tubule
C. loop of Henle
D. Bowmans capsule
AA.
41.
Which of the following incorrectly matched the urinary system feature with its
characteristic?
A. creatinine, a protein metabolite found in skeletal muscles and excreted in urine
B. urea, a detoxified ammonia compound
C. glucose, a small amount normally found in the urine
D. uric acid, a nitrogen waste from RNA metabolism
AB.
42.
Which of the following correctly matched urinary term and its characteristic?
A. renal fascia, prevents infection from other areas spreading to kidney
B. juxtamedullary nephrons, short nephrons that constitute the cortex
C. macula densa cells, specialised chemoreceptors
D. renal pelvis, small cup-shaped structures at the apex of the renal pyramids
AC.
43.
Primary site of glucose and amino acid reabsorption in nephrons is:
A. descending limb
B. ascending limb
C. distal convoluted tubule
D. proximal convoluted tubule
AD.
44.
Which of the following incorrectly matches a hormone and its action on the urinary
system?
A. ADH, regulates water reabsorption at the distal convoluted tubule
7

B. renin, catalyses the formation of angiotensin II

C. aldosterone, promotes reabsorption of sodium at the distal convoluted tubule
D. angiotensin II, a powerful vasoconstrictor that also stimulates the secretion of
aldosterone
AE.
45.
How is Na+ reabsorbed?
A. active transport using ATP
B. diffusion
C. facilitated diffusion
D. osmosis
AF.
46.
Major calyces are:
A. the expanded ends of renal pyramids
B. large branches of the renal pelvis
C. cone-shaped structures located in the renal medulla
D. expanded ends of nephrons
AG.
47.
The fluid in the glomerular (Bowman's) capsule is similar to plasma except that it
does not contain a significant amount of:
A. electrolytes
B. plasma protein
C. glucose
D. hormones
AH.
48.
The blood supply to the nephron is the:
A. afferent arteriole
B. segmental artery
C. renal artery
D. efferent arteriole
AI.
49.
The most important factor affecting the glomerular filtration rate is:
A. capsular osmotic pressure
B. blood osmotic pressure
C. capsular hydrostatic pressure
D. blood hydrostatic pressure
AJ.
50.
When the concentration of ADH increases
A. less water is reabsorbed by the nephron and collecting duct
B. more urine is produced
C. the specific gravity of the urine decreases
D. less urine is produced
AK.
51.
Which process results in increased glomerular filtration in response to hormone
release?
A. tubuloglomerular response
B. myogenic mechanism
C. countercurrent mechanism
D. renin-angiotensin mechanism
AL.
52.
Which substance would NOT normally be expected in urine?
8

A.
B.
C.
D.

nitrogenous waste
chloride
protein
sodium
AM.
AN.
AO.
AP.
53.
Which of the following is not true?
A. renal clearance tests are conducted to test the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
B. the macula densa is a chemoreceptor
C. blood pressure in the glomerulus is higher than in other capillary beds
D. none of above
AQ.
54.
Which of the following statements about the urinary system is incorrect?
A. produces rennin, which helps regulate blood pressure
B. carries out the majority of gluconeogenesis in the body
C. produces erythropoietin, which stimulates red blood cell formation
D. metabolizes vitamin D to its active form
AR.
55.
The _____________ attaches the kidney to the posterior body wall.
A. perirenal fat capsule
B. ureter
C. fibrous capsule
D. renal fascia
AS.
56.
The renal ___________ is continuous with the ureter.
A. medulla
B. glomerulus
C. pelvis
D. cortex
AT.
57.
All of the following are layers of the filtration membrane in the glomerular
membrane, except the:
A. fenestrated endothelium
B. basement membrane
C. visceral membrane
D. renal capsule
AU.
58.
All of the following functions are carried out in the renal tubules, except:
A. reabsorption
B. formation of urine
C. filtration
D. secretion
AV.
59.
The ______________ play a major role in acid-base balance in the collecting ducts
().
A. macula densa
B. intercalated cells
C. mesangial cells
9

D. juxtaglomerular cells
AW.
60.
All of the following would stimulate the release of renin from granular cells, except:
A. hemorrhaging or dehydration
B. reduced stretching of the granular cells
C. inhibition by the macula densa cells
D. stimulation of the granular cells by the sympathetic nervous system
61.
If the efferent arteriole constricts while the afferent arteriole remains unchanged,
the glomerular filtration rate:
A. does not change
B. decreases
C. cannot be determined
D. increases
AX.
62.
Urea transport into the medullary collecting duct is enhanced by ():
A. rennin
B. angiotensin II
C. prostaglandin E2
D. ADH
AY.
63.
Which of the following substances is the largest component of urine by weight after
water?
A. creatinine
B. glucose
C. urea
D. protein
AZ.
64.
Which of the following is not true of urinary system ()?
A. juxtamedullary nephrons account for 15% of the nephrons
B. reabsorption occurs through the tubule wall and into the peritubular capillaries
C. the ascending limb of the loop of Henle is impermeable to sodium chloride and
actively transports water into the surrounding interstitial fluids
D. the juxtaglomerular apparatus contains both osmoreceptors and
mechanoreceptors
BA.
65.
Which of the following is false?
A. the distal tubule is under control of ADH and aldosterone
B. blood is carried to the glomerulus via the efferent arteriole
C. the renal corpuscle is composed of the glomerulus and the glomerular (Bowman's)
capsule
D. the stimulus for renin secretion is a drop in systemic blood pressure
BB.
66.
Which of the following is true?
A. the renal cortex contains the glomeruli
B. the thick smooth-muscle layer of the bladder is called the trigone
C. the kidneys are located in the lower abdominal cavity at the L5 to S3 region
D. the myogenic control mechanism reflects the fact that vascular smooth muscle
tends to contract when stretched
BC.
10

67. Which of the following is true?

A. the perirenal fat capsule is a transparent capsule that prevents infections in
surrounding regions from spreading to the kidney
B. the net filtration pressure (NFP) is the chief force pushing water and solutes out of
the blood and across the filtration membrane
C. in situations where there is an extreme change of blood pressure (mean arterial
pressure less than 80 or greater than 180 mm Hg), extrinsic controls take
precedence over intrinsic controls
D. water can leave the ascending limb of the loop of Henle
BD.
68.
The _______ is the darker, reddish-brown area of the kidney, which exhibits coneshaped tissue masses called renal pyramids.
A. renal cortex
B. renal medulla
C. renal pelvis
D. renal column
BE.
69.
Under normal resting conditions, the renal arteries deliver
of the total
cardiac output (about 1200 ml) to the kidneys each minute.
A. 1/4
B. 1/2
C. 1/3
D. 1/5
BF.
70.
In what part of the nephron is plasma filtered?
A. renal corpuscle
B. proximal convoluted tubule
C. collecting duct
D. distal convoluted tubule
BG.
71.
Which of the following homeostatic imbalances indicates that glomerular blood
pressure is too low to cause filtration ()?
A. pyelitis
B. anuria
C. hydronephrosis
D. renal ptosis
BH.
72.
The reason glucose is detected in the urine of individuals with uncontrolled
diabetes is because:
A. glucose is secreted in the collecting ducts of diabetics
B. glucose cannot be reabsorbed by the kidney
C. glucose is too large to be filtered by the nephron
D. the transport maximum for glucose has been exceeded
BI.
73.
Tubular secretion is important for all of the following except:
A. eliminating undesirable substances or end products that have been reabsorbed by
passive processes
B. ridding the body of excess glucose
C. controlling blood pH
11

D. disposing of substances, such as certain drugs

BJ.
74.
Which of the following is not a physical characteristic of freshly voided urine in a
healthy person?
A. clear and pale to deep yellow in color
B. slightly basic in pH
C. a given volume of urine has a greater mass than the same volume of distilled
water
D. slightly aromatic in odor
BK.
BL.
75.
Which of the following is not one of the most common causes of incontinence in
adults?
A. nervous system problems
B. physical pressure during pregnancy
C. bladder or renal infection
D. emotional problems
BM.
76.
Which of the external layers of kidneys is the outermost (away from kidneys)?
A. renal capsule
B. adipose capsule
C. renal fascia
D. renal cortex
BN.
77.
Kidneys have a rich blood supply and also have the nerve supply. A network of
fibers that provides nerve supply of the kidney and ureter is called ():
A. renal hilium
B. renal plexus
C. renal lobe
D. renal papillae
BO.
78.
Although filtration is non-selective process, leukocytes, erythrocytes and proteins
cannot be filtered due to their relatively large sizes compared to filtration slits.
Filtration slits are openings between foot processes (pedicles) of podocytes. Which
layer of the filtration membrane has podocytes and pedicles?
A. the fenestrated endothelium of glomerular capillaries
B. basement membrane
C. external parietal layer of glomerular capsule
D. visceral membrane of glomerular capsule
BP.
79.
Place the following in correct sequence of movement of creatinine across the
filtration membrane ().
a. blood in afferent
c. fenestration
e. filtration slits
f. basement
arteriole
(pores)
b. capsular space
d. renal tubules
membrane
A. a, e, f, b, c, d
B. a, c, b, f, e, d
C. a, b, c, f, e, d
12

D. a, c, f, e, b, d
g.
80.
Renal tubule consists of three parts except:
A. proximal convoluted tubule
B. collecting duct
C. distal convoluted tubule
D. loop of Henle
h.
81.
Which limb of loop of Henle is close to the renal corpuscle?
A. descending
B. ascending
C. proximal
D. distal
i.
82.
Which of the following incorrectly matches urine formation mechanism and its
major site in kidneys?
A. tubular secretion, at proximal convoluted tubule
B. glomerular filtration, at glomerulus
C. tubular reabsorption, at distal convoluted tubule
D. Both A and C
j.
83.
Which of the factor does not contribute to effective filtration at the glomeruli?
A. large surface area of filtration membrane
B. continuous energy supply from adipose capsule
C. permeability of filtration membrane to water and solutes
D. large diameter of afferent arteriole (compared to efferent arteriole)
k.
84.
Which of the pressure is responsible for filtrate formation ()?
A. blood colloid osmotic pressure
B. glomerular hydrostatic pressure
C. capsular hydrostatic pressure
D. net filtration pressure
l.
85.
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is directly proportional to both blood pressure (BP)
and net filtration pressure (NFP). Which of the following is not true?
A. hypertension will increase GFR
B. angiotensin II receptor blockers may increase GFR
C. sweating will decrease GFR
D. the action of noradrenaline will decrease GFR
m.
86.
Which of the following hormone is released when there is a wide fluctuation in
water balance?
A. antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
B. aldosterone
13

C. renin
D. all above
n.
87.
The proteins in collecting ducts that open in response to ADH, allowing water
reabsoprtion are called:
A. glycoprotein
B.

+
+
Na - K

pump

C. aquaporins
D. integral proteins
o.
88.
detects a reduction in concentration of water (or osmolarity in blood), and
then stimulates _______
to release ADH ().
A. midbrain, anterior pituitary gland
B. hypothalamus, neurohypophysis
C. medulla oblongata, adenohypophysis
D. medulla oblongata, posterior pituitary gland
p.
q.
89.
Diuretic drugs are prescribed for many medical conditions. Which of the following
condition would be inappropriate to administrate diuretics?
A. hypertension
B. diabetes
C. edema of congestive heart failure
D. anuria
r.
90.
One of kidneys functions is maintaining homeostatic balance of blood pH. Which of
the following is not strictly one of renal mechanisms involved in this function ()?
A. tubular secretion of

+
H

B. tubular reabsorption of

HC O 3

C. ammonia buffer system

D. protein buffer system
s.
91.
One of renal mechanisms involves carbonic anhydrase enzyme. It is ():
A. tubular secretion of

+
H and tubular reabsorption of

HC O 3

B. ammonia buffer system

C. glomerular filtration
D. tubuloglomerular feedback meachanism
t.
92.
Which of the following is not one of classic symptoms of diabetes?
14

A. polydipsia
B. hyperglycaemia
C. anuria
D. glycosuria
u.
93.
There are two types of diabetes. Both types result when
hormone) is absent or deficient.
A. glucagon
B. insulin
C. glycogen
D. angiotensin II

(a

v.

w.Regulation of urine formation

x.
94.
The yellow colour of urine is due to a pigment from destruction of haemoglobin
called ():
A. urochrome
B. uric acid
C. inulin
D. melanin
y.
95.
What does cloudy urine indicate?
A. urinary tract infection
B. diabetes
C. chronic renal disease
D. hydronephrosis
96.
In uncontrolled diabetes, odor of urine can be:
A. slight aromatic, due to abnormal proportion of uric acid
B. foul-smelling, due to the presence of ketones
C. maple-syrup, due to high concentration of glucose
D. fruity, due to its acetone content
z.
97.
The pH of urine can vary according to changes in metabolism and diet. The normal
range of pH of urine is:
A. 2.0 ~ 4.5, very acidic
B. 4.5 ~ 8.0, slightly alkaline
C. 6.0 ~ 9.5, slightly alkaline
D. 4.5 ~ 8.0, slightly acidic
aa.
98.
A given volume of urine has a greater mass than the same volume of distilled
water. Which of the following is the normal range of specific gravity of urine in a
healthy person ()?
A. 1.0
15

B. 0.095 ~ 1.0
C. 1.001 ~ 1.035
D. 1.5 ~ 1.75
ab.
99.
A layer of ureter wall which allows propulsion of urine by contraction mechanism
similar to in digestive system is called:
A. adventitia
B. transitional epithelium
C. muscularis
D. mucosa
ac.
100. Any unusual chemical or substance in urine may indicate pathology. Which of the
following substance in urine does not indicate pathology?
A. pus
B. uric acid
C. bile pigments
D. lymphocytes
ad.
101. Which of the following has the highest concentration (or most abundant) in the
urine?
A. urea
B. creatitine
C. water
D. uric acid
ae.
102. Ureters, tubelike organs that furnish transportation channels for urine, have the
wall that composed of three layers. One of three layers, mucosa consists of two tissue;
epithelium and lamina propria (hint: mucosa of ureter wall can be stretched when a
large volume of urine has to be transported to the bladder).
A. transitional
B. stratified
C. simple columnar
D. simple cuboidal
af.
103. Valve-like folds that prevent back flow (i.e., reflux) of urine are found in ():
A. major calyx
B. ureters
C. bladder
D. urethra
ag.
104. A homeostatic imbalance condition results from crystallisation of calcium or
magnesium ions, or uric acid salts in urine that obstruct a ureter and block urine
drainage is called:
A. renal ptosis
16

B. renal calculi
C. pyelitis
D. hydronephrosis
ah.
105. In urinary bladder,
ureter opening(s) and
urethral opening(s)
forms a trigone where many infections persist.
A. two, one
B. one, two
C. three, none
D. none, three
ai.
106. Which of the following allows urinary bladder to store more urine without a
significant rise in internal pressure?
A. longitudinal layer
B. detrusor muscle
C. transitional epithelium
D. circular layer
aj.
107. Which sex is more susceptible to urinary tract infections and why?
A. male, due to longer urethra
B. female, due to longer urethra
C. male, due to shorter urethra
D. female, due to shorter urethra
ak.
108. There are two sphincters in urethra important in controlling urine flow from
bladder. The internal urethral sphincter is formed by
muscle, and it is
sphincter. The external urethral sphincter is formed by
muscle, and it is
sphincter ().
A. longitudinal, voluntary; circular, involuntary
B. skeletal, voluntary; detrusor, involuntary
C. circular, involuntary; longitudinal, voluntary
D. detrusor, involuntary; skeletal, voluntary
al.
109. Which of the following is not true?
A. cysititis is a clitoris inflammation in females
B. pyelitis is renal inflammation
C. urethritis is urethra inflammation
D. dysuria is painful urination
am.
110. The act of emptying urinary or simply known as voiding is called:
A. micturition
B. mastication
C. deglutition
D. emesis
17

an.
111. To urinate, three structures must act simultaneously under parasympathetic
activity. Which of the following is not one of them ()?
A. external urethral orifice (relax)
B. external urethral sphincter (relax)
C. detrusor muscle (contract)
D. internal urethral sphincter (open)
ao.
112. In general, healthy humans have some voluntary control of urination until urine
volume exceeds
ml. After this volume of urine,
promotes urination
regardless your wills. After urination
ml urine remain in the bladder().
A. 200, pontine micturition center, 0
B. 200, simple spinal reflex, 10
C. 400, pontine micturition center, 0
D. 400, simple spinal reflex, 10
ap.
113. Which of the following has two centres that participate in the control of urination?
A. midbrain
B. medulla oblongata
C. pons
D. thalamus
aq.
114. In bladder wall,
are activated when there is 200ml of urine in bladder.
Sensory inputs are sent to
region of spinal cord which results in increased
parasympathetic activity and decreased sympathetic activity ().
A. nociceptors, cranial
B. baroreceptors, sacral
C. chemoreceptors, cranial
D. stretch receptors, sacral
ar.
115. Adrenal
has chromaffin cells which synthesis the
such
as adrenaline and noradrenaline ().
A. cortex, corticosteroids
B. medulla, catecholamines
C. cortex, catecholamines
D. medulla, corticosteroids
as.
at.

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1st August 2015 by Incognitus
16th February 2014 by RD
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