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LTE FDD
Theres been discussion in the industry about two variants of LTE: FDD-LTE
(Frequency Division Duplexing LTE) and TDD-LTE (Time Division Duplexing LTE).
Historically, global spectrum has been allocated in both paired (FDD) and unpaired
(TDD) configurations. Older 1G, 2G and 3G wireless technologies were all rooted in
voice services, which required paired spectrum. Newer generations of wireless
technologies, which focus exclusively on packet data services, tend to used
unpaired spectrum. LTE was designed from inception to combine FDD and TDD into
a single technology solution for 4G and beyond: The LTE network architecture,
protocol stack, radio management, and MAC layers are identical, and there are only
minor differences in about 15 percent of the physical layer 1. All of the key features
of LTE and LTEAdvanced are identical for both FDD and TDD.
For most operators, deciding which variant to use is simply a function of the
regulatory rules associated with their spectrum and the legacy technologies they
already support in their network. FDD-LTE is the natural choice for most operators
around the world, since they are adopting 4G by transforming their existing 2G and
3G FDD networks. In contrast, newer operators who deploy Greenfield 4G networks
(or whose networks have evolved from earlier 3G/4G technologies which used TDD
spectrum) will naturally gravitate to TDD-LTE.
Figure 3. TDD can be used to provide more DL capacity with the flexible DL/UL ratio
There are possible co-deployment scenarios for FDD and TDD using different
frequency bands:
Co-located cells may use different frequency bands over the same footprint.
Both networks offer full coverage of the same area. This can be an
economical option, since both technologies occupy the same real estate, use
the same backhaul and potentially the same core network.
Alternatively, co-located sites may not have the same cell footprint. This
might be the natural result of using two very different frequencies, with
Phase I, interoperability between LTE FDD and LTE TDD is implemented using
coverage and load balancing based handover
Phase II, upon the availability of supporting terminal, joint operation of LTE
FDD and LTE TDD is implemented using Carrier Aggregation
Previously, CA (Carrier Aggregation) has been possible only between FDD and FDD
spectrum or between TDD and TDD spectrum. 3GPP has finalized the work on TDDFDD CA, which offers the possibility to aggregate FDD and TDD carriers jointly. The
main target with introducing the support for TDD-FDD CA is to allow the network to
boost the user throughput by aggregating both TDD and FDD toward the same UE.
This will allow the network to boost the UE throughput independently from where
the UE is in the cell (at least for DL CA).
significantly because they only need to deploy a Uni-Radio Access Network. The
following figure and table show typical upgrade that is required to upgrade eNodeB
from LTE FDD to LTE FDD + LTE TDD in Telkomsel network:
The B8200 BBU is shared between LTE FDD and LTE TDD, including its PM, SA, FAM,
and CC boards. Because LTE TDD is operating in different frequency, new RRU is
required to deploy LTE TDD in the designated band. For LTE TDD in 2300MHz ZTE
propose R8984E as RRU. R8984E features 4T4R, and is capable to support beam
forming and 4x4 MIMO.
Unified solution from ZTE also enables the implementation of common transmission
between LTE FDD and LTE TDD as follow:
the whole network. Based on the cell number in each region, ZTE propose EMS
solution with corresponding capacity.
Glossary
3GPP
AAA
BBU
BS
Base Station
CAPEX
Capital Expenditures
CC
Control Central
CN
Core Network
DL
Downlink
eNodeB
Evolved Node B
EPC
EPS
E-UTRA
E-UTRAN
FDD
LTE
MAC
MIMO
OMC
OAM
OPEX
Operating Expense
QoS
Quality of Service
RRU
SAE
SISO
UE
User Equipment
UL
Uplink