Orc Volcano Urban Umts Calibration

Workshop
UMTS Band I Volcano URBAN Model calibration
ORANGE CAMEROUN
30/09/2015
SIRADEL Confidential - Copyright 2015
Agenda
Context
Volcano Urban Model review
Map Data overview
Volcano calibration guidelines
Volcano calibration workflow
Results, Conclusion and Recommendations
And now? Perspectives?
Context
SIRADEL[1/2]
SIRADEL was founded in 1994 in Rennes,

Currently is also present in North America and China.
Partner with the world biggest telecom suppliers
SIRADEL[2/2]
SIRADEL has a large experience on RF models calibration, performing dozens

of projects each year world wide.
Calibration using either CW or SCAN or both.
All wireless bands and technologies: 450MHz, 800MHz, 900MHz, 1800MHz,

2100MHz, 2500MHz, 2600MHz, 5.2GHz, and even on milimetric bands (ex:
60GHz).
Project
Orange intend to improve 3G network quality.
To do so, Orange needs to dispose of accurate propagation models to improve

radio planning.
Therefore Orange requested SIRADEL services to calibrate two Volcano URBAN

models on UMTS band 2100MHz, in Douala and Yaound.
SIRADEL perform CW and SCAN measurement in the UMTS band used by

Orange in Douala and Yaound.
High resolution 3D map data was used to describe the environment.
Volcano Urban Model

review
Urban Model
Concepts
Suitable to dominant and non-dominant antennas (rooftop, podium, building
walls, street-level)
Multi-path option for path-loss calculation (instead of DP - direct path only)
Model based on
Deygout method (to calculate multiple knife-edge diffraction)
UTD (Uniform Theory of Diffraction)
Multi-path path loss is computed as follows:
2D ray trajectories constructed in the horizontal plane (reflections and diffractions

on building facades + transmissions allowed)
Then a vertical analysis (3D) is performed along each single ray trajectory,
unfolding the trajectory in vertical.
Urban Model
Dominant Antenna
Transmitter located well above surrounding environment
Site PDC @Yaound
Most of the radio energy is propagated above top obstacles

Direct Path is the dominant path
Multiple paths effect is meaningless
Recommendation: Use Direct path Modelling

Urban Model
Non Dominant Antenna
Antenna located on a Rooftop, Terrace or against Building facade with

higher buildings around
Site La Libert @Douala
Example of a major MP environment
Radio energy propagated by diffraction and partly via wave-guiding

effects along streets
Direct path is seldom dominant
Multiple paths effect is significant even dominant
Recommendation: Use multi path modelling

10
Urban Model
MP Contributions [1/4]
To answer the demanding's of these two distinct environments, SIRADEL

propose two different propagation mechanisms.
11
Urban Model
Multi-paths contributions in predictions include:
Direct path (1) with diffraction above rooftops

Reflections (2) / Diffractions (3) on the vertical building facades
Transmission (4) permitted between Tx and the first interaction
Reflection against building podiums (5)
(5)
12
Urban Model
Multi-paths contributions in predictions include:

Backward contributions
Site Stamatiades @Douala
The first backward interaction should be in LOS

This kind effect its often seen on the live network when an obstacle is located
in front of the cell and the cell became best server rearwards.
13
Urban Model
MULTIPLE KNIFE-EDGE DIFFRACTION - The Deygout Method

Extract vertical profile
Used by SIRADEL to describe the Tx-Rx direct path and multi path.
Uniform Theory of Diffraction (UTD)

Used by SIRADEL to describe multi path profiles.
In complex dense urban environments where the link path is described by
complex reflection and diffraction events, Deygout method start loosing his
accuracy.
Based on research and projects experience outcome, SIRADEL R&D has

modified both UTD and Deygout original algorithms to enhancement
extraction accuracy and reduce computation time.
14
Urban Model
Multipath area definition
Beyond a given distance from transmitter, it has been proved that direct path
propagation is predominant and multiple-path insignificant.
Multiple path contributions is added value mainly nearby transmitters
To optimize efficiency, multi path prediction depends on the distance from the
transmitter:
Near Region
All multi-path contributions are calculated
Far Region
Only the direct path is computed
Transition
Region*
A linear transition is carried out from the

field strength calculated in near region and
the field strength calculated in far region
*100 meters long
15
Urban Model
Signals Nature [1/7]
The signals are made of 3 components

Path Loss Determinist component, extracted with classical propagation laws
Shadowing due to Multi-path trajectories, extracted with Volcano assets using
accurate 3D map data + CW Calibration to extract specific environmental
characteristics.
Fast Fading unpredictable random variable, not considered by the model
Measurements
16
Urban Model
Fast Fading Filtering[2/7]
Space-time filtering
Fast fading may introduce 30-40 dB signal variations along \2 distances
To remove fast variations in the measured signal (due to channel fluctuations,
etc)
To preserve only large variations (shadowing)
17
Urban Model
Math description[3/7]
Volcano Urban Model mathematical description
Path Loss (dB) = Lfree space + Cfree space + Ldeterministic + Lclutter
Clutter Attenuation
at Rx location
Free space loss @1m

-27.56 +20log(f)
Free Space loss
Correction
A + (B-20)*log(d,f)
Sum of ray path losses

f(Wr,Wd,Wb,Nd,Nr)
Weight of
Reflection/Difraction
18
Urban Model
Clutter Loss [4/7]
Clutter loss is applied to the predicted path loss according to following

rules and clutter/vector type where receiver is located:
19
Urban Model
Parameters[5/7]
Propagation parameters for Volcano Urban Model (MP and DP)

Parameters
Description
Typical value
Range
Afar
Correction of free space loss predicted at 1

meter for the receivers for direct path
0 (dB)
[-5 ; 5]
Bfar
Correction of the distance dependence for

the receivers for direct path
24 (dB.dec-1)
[18 ; 32 ]
Weight of the deterministic attenuation
0.7
[0.5 ; 1 ]
Antenna
Correction
Correction of the antenna diagram due to

the impact of the surrounding environment
High
Standard
Medium
High
20
Urban Model
Parameters[6/7]
Propagation parameters for Volcano Urban Model (MP only).

Parameters
Description
Typical
value
Range
Anear/Bnear
Free space corrections in the near area
0/23 (dB)
[-5 ; 5]
[18 ; 32 ]
Radius
Multi path radius
800m
[0 ; [
Street Level
Mode
2D ray tracing option*
N/A
N/A, Flat, Hilly
* Useful to predict coverage on ground level micro cells.
21
Urban Model
Parameters[7/7]
Propagation parameters for Volcano Urban Model (MP only).

Parameters
Description
Typical
value
Range
Wr
Weighting of reflections
[0.5 ; 1 ]
Wd
Weighting of diffractions
[0.5 ; 1 ]
Wb
Weighting of backward
[0.5 ; 1 ]
Diffraction
Maximum number of diffractions*
[0 ; 1 ]
Reflection
Maximum number of reflections*
[0 ; 4 ]
Note: There is no limitation on the number of diffractions for vertical profile

extraction (DP).
* For each single path

22
Urban Model
Settings
Volcano Urban general settings
On settings tab the user is able to configure inputs, outputs and requirements of the
simulation.
Absolute Rx height reference (Ground/Sea)
Vertical profile extraction mode (Raster/Vector)

Required type of prediction (ex: Along linear)
Resolution accuracy for multi-resolution raster data
Rx height reference (Ground/Clutter)
Resolving mechanism for Tx inside building
(Indoor/Outdoor)
Accuracy of the output coverage plot(Yes/No)
23
Volcano Types
Volcano type shall be linked to each clutter type imported from map data*, either
for vector or raster.
6 Volcano types available (+ Linear**):
3D high resolution
clutters
2D Low resolution
clutters (raster only)
* filled out automatically using menu.vol

**Only available with linear vectors, ex: GSM-R for Railways
24
Clutter exclusion (1/2)
This feature allows the user to filter out on Volcano Type or Clutter Type.
Path loss on excluded clutters is not computed*.
*Neverthless, the excluded clutter is taken into account for path loss calculation elsewhere .
25
Clutter exclusion (2/2)
Volcano returns the results for all clutters (raster or vector) except the
excluded ones.
Building Exclusion
Building not excluded
26
Map Data
Overview
Geographical Data Layers

[1/4]
To describe the environment different kinds of map data are available
Map data formats supported by Volcano in Atoll
Raster: Planet, Asset, BIL and MapInfo
Vector: MapInfo (TAB), Planet and Shape
Raster data:
Heights/Altitude (DTM Digital Terrain Model) Optional but highly recommended

Clutter/Land use (DLU Digital Land Use) If not available, polygon vector required to describe clutter
Clutter heights/Building heights (DHM Digital Height Model) if not available, clutters height need to
be manually defined (or through vector data)
Elevation (DEM Digital Elevation Model, DEM = DTM + DHM) seldom used
DTM (pixel value = ground level

above mean sea level)
High Resolution +-5mts
Low Resolution +-30mts
DLU (pixel value = clutter type)

DHM (pixel value = clutter height

above ground level)
28

[2/4]
Raster data
Low resolution Versus High resolution
Low resolution (DTM + DLU)

Statistical description of the environment
Unable to distinguish objects (ex: houses, routes)
No information about clutter heights average user heights per clutter
Resolution usually between 20m & 100m
High resolution (DTM + DLU + DHM)

Deterministic description of the environment
Accurate description of the clutter types, able to distinguish buildings
objects (ex: houses, routes)
Accurate clutter height information
Resolution usually between 1m & 10m
29

[3/4]
Vector data
3D polygon vector data
Accurate description of shapes of clutters/buildings (2D) ~ DLU raster
describe both the shape and heights of clutters(3D) ~ DLU+DHM raster

Mandatory for RF predictions considering multi-paths
2D linear vector data (streets, railways, rivers)
3D Vector
2D Vector
30

[4/4]
Volcano is able to combine automatically:
Multi-resolution raster (High and Low resolution raster)

Vector/Raster combination
LR Vs HR @Douala
Useful to shorten the processing time either on mixed environments (Urban\Rural)

or on profile extraction (MP\DP),
31
Urban Model
Map Data settings
Since both 3D raster and vector are available, the user is able to choose
between 3 modes for vertical profile extraction.
- Transmitter and receiver locations outdoor/indoor are estimated regarding vector data (Undefined portions are
Vector
filled afterwards by extracting complementary clutter information from the 3D raster layer).
Favourite
- DTM raster and 3D vectors are used for the whole computation (Multipath and Direct path detection).
- Vertical terrain profile between the transmitter and the receiver is preferably extracted from the raster layers
Raster when available.

Favourite - Otherwise 3D vectors will be used for vertical profile extraction.
- 3D vectors still be used for multipath detection.
- Only raster layers will be used to extract the vertical terrain profile between the transmitter and the receiver.
Raster only -3D vectors still be used for multipath detection.

- improve speed calculation => Recommended by SIRADEL
32
Volcano Calibration
Guidelines
Volcano tuning process

CW calibration[1/2]
CW
Measurement
Measurement
Retrieve enough samples to characterize the clutter(it depends on the clutter size )
Samples spreading should be homogenous ( web spider)
Noise level marks the border
Verification
in Atoll
Accurate extraction of CW field configuration (Power, X/Y, HBA..)
Verification in Atoll
Copy CW configuration to atoll project (Power, X/Y, HBA..)
Analyze des samples(Filter Noise, exclude points inside buildings)
Analysis
Analysis
Get Statistics for all the routes - Correlation, mean error
analyze high deviations and troubleshoot
Validation
Routes Validation
Extract Volcano Parameters for 33% of the routes
Apply extracted parameters on the remaining 66% of the routes
Compare Results and analyse
Final Values
, A, B, W
Final Values
Extract Volcano Parameters with all routes
34
Volcano tuning process

CW model adjustment[2/2]
Measurement
SCAN
Measurement
Measure the same routes as CW in SCAN mode

Extract Best Server
Verification in Atoll
Verification
in Atoll
Validation
& Antenna
correction
Verify repeated scrambling codes(doublons)
Verify and correct 3G Atoll project as much as possible (X/Y, C-PICH, Azimut)
Analyze des samples (Exclude points inside buildings, or with wrong X/Y)
Validation & Antenna Correction

Apply CW calibrated model on SCAN Best Server => Get Statistics
Analyze Performance per SC (Correlation, Error, Std deviation)
Verify the best option for the Antenna Correction (Standard, High, Medium)
Error Adjustment
Error
Adjustment
Compare SCAN measured Routes with the prediction based on CW model

Analyse and understand the gap
Adjust the model offset (error)
35
Volcano Calibration
Project management
Project
Scope of Work
Calibrate three urban models (Douala, Yaound and global) for UMTS Band I
(2100MHz).
Perform CW and SCAN measures on Douala and Yaound
14 routes (7 routes by town)
Contractual KPIs
Targets*
Global mean error = 0dB
Global standard deviation error ~6dB
Global correlation >85%
Global Mean Error dispersion = 1.5dB
Commitments*
Mean error = 0dB
Global standard deviation error <= 8dB
Global Mean Error dispersion < 3dB
*Calibration KssI with CW data

37
Measurement[1/5]
CW Transmitter
As Radiating element we used the antenna Kathrein 741790, with 11dBi gain in the
frequency range 1920-2170MHz, mounted in a 6 meters mast.
As signal generated we used the ETSA radio transmitter, tuned on 2152.5MHz with
44dBm of output power.
38
Measurement[2/5]
Mobile Station
For CW measurements we used a JDSU Receiver with E6474 Wireless Network

Optimization platform.
For SCAN measurements we used R&S TSMW, running ROMES platform.
39
Measurement[3/5]
Link Budget CW
Link Budget
Frequency
Measured
Tx power
(dBm)
Tx antenna
gain (dBi)
2152.5 MHz
42*
11
Rx antenna
gain (dBi)
Rx cable
losses (dB)
Receiver
sensitivity
(dBm)
2,15
1,5
-124
Receiver
Transmitter
Pathloss
Tx power
Cable losses
Tx antenna gain
Free space losses
Rx antenna gain
Cable losses
*Approximated value after cable loss

40
Measurement[4/5]
Route
Spider web
Very dense near the site and wider further from the site
homogenous
Fair distribution of the bins in direction and distance around the transmitter
Contains a fair representation of the environment
Typical ranges for a Urban cell:
Dmax (Tx-Rx) up to 10Km

Length route > 50Km
bins > 10 000
41
Measurement[5/5]
Route
Sometimes is not possible to shape the ideal spider web

Routes in bad conditions
Traffic jam
Dead ends
42
Site Survey
Nom du site
Du Levant
La_Rose
Liberte
Madagascar
Stamatiades
Logbaba
Deido-Lycee
Longitude
9.672399516
9.686541508
9.698922393
9.738478621
9.698977532
9.76150
9.714712608
Latitude
4.086301652
4.041411402
4.05590185
4.016136071
4.046674689
4.03975
4.064273801
Yaound
For this project we re-used the same sites of the previous project*.
Douala
Nom du site
Mendong
H-Franco
H-ville
Mercure
PDC
Mvog-Betsi
Polytechnique
Longitude
11.47091667
11.51921928
11.51758611
11.51921206
11.5013572
11.48133333
11.50133056
Latitude
3.831222
3.882236
3.872028
3.864594
3.891482
3.866028
3.863547
*Except Ndokoti, replaced by Logbaba
43
Planning
The project was conclude on schedule
on 24-August site Mendong postponed due to a JDSU malfunction.

On 10-September site Ndokoti cancelled due to power supply issues and replaced by
Logbaba.
44
Frequencies [1/2]
Orange has 3 UMTS Band I carriers.

Only 2 carriers are commercially on service, therefore we profited to use the spare
one to do the CW measurements.
SCAN measurements were done on the 2nd carrier (expected to be less loaded).
1st Carrier
2nd Carrier
3rd Carrier
45
Frequencies [2/2]
With the JDSU Receiver we are able to measure simultaneously the CW signal and
the noise level.
The CW signal was defined on the center frequency of the 3rd Orange carrier.
The Noise window was defined on 2153MHz frequency.
Noise window used to detect external interferences.

CW 2152.5 MHZ
Noise
Bw12.5kHz
46
Atoll Project [1/2]
In the first place we analysed the 3G Atoll project of Yaound and Douala
59 Cells inside buildings ( Building height > Cell Height) => Corrected (height building + 1
meter).
Around 100 cells with a wrong C-PICH power value => Corrected with OMC values
47
Atoll Project[2/2]
Yet, Impossible to quantify and correct
Sites wrongly placed
Wrong cell position on roof tops.
This play a major role on the error prediction mainly on the range [0-100] meters.
48
Map Data [1/2]
To characterize the environment we used high resolution map data developed by

SIRADELs cartography Team.
DTM
DLU
DHM
Vector
The map data is available for Douala and Yaound with 5 meters resolution.
49
Map Data [2/2]
For Douala we also dispose of DLU and DTM low resolution layers.
DTM
DLU
These LR layers will be useful to predict CW coverage for the site Du_Levant, which
needs to cross the river (LR clutter). Otherwise all the points on the other side of the
river will cross an invalid area, and therefore will result in invalid points.
50
Volcano Urban Configuration

[1/3]
Define Map Data
Raster only used for vertical

profile extraction and
indoor/outdoor detection*.
Reducing Time computation
* Vector Data still used for Multi path calculation

51

[2/3]
Main settings
These settings are the

default ones, for the
Volcano Urban model.
They will be automatically
adjusted by the
calibration process.
52

[3/3]
Clutter Type is automatically linked to Volcano type through menu file
Buildings are excluded from

calibration and validation to filter
out erroneous indoor meas. points.
Using Menu.vol each clutter type

will be automatically linked to a
Volcano type .
53
Volcano Calibration
CW Tuning
Volcano Urban
Calibration Workflow
CW
Yaound
Douala
Global
1. Calibrate , A, B with 33% of the routes
MP & DP*
2. Get statistics with 66% of the routes

3. Get , A, B for all routes
* Only step 3
SCAN
Yaound
Douala
Global
Analyze Performance per SC (Correlation, Error)

Verify which is the best option for the Antenna Correction (Standard, High, Medium)
Evaluate SCAN Vs Prediction
Results, Conclusions and Recommendations

55
Measurements[1/2]
Yaound
YAONDE
CW Route summary
Nom du site
Mendong
H-Franco
H-ville
Mercure
PDC
Mvog-Betsi
Polytechnique
Nb of points*
19942
18570
21598
14459
22460
17725
17485
*Averaged but not filtered
Mendong
PDC
Mercure
H-Franco
H-Ville
Mvog-Betsi
Polytechnique
56
Measurements [2/2]
Yaound
Route measurements summary

Noise Level Average by Route
CW Drive Test RxLev Mean Vs Distance
-110
-112
-40
7000
-50
6000
RxLev (dBm)
-60
5000
dB
-70
-114
4000
-80
3000
-90
2000
-100
[4750;5000]
[4500;4750]
[4250;4500]
[4000;4250]
[3750;4000]
[3500;3750]
[3250;3500]
[3000;3250]
[2750;3000]
[2500;2750]
[2250;2500]
[2000;2250]
[1750;2000]
[1500;1750]
[1250;1500]
[1000;1250]
0
[750;1000]
-120
[500;750]
1000
[250;500]
Mendong
H-Ville
PDC
H-Franco
Mvog-Betsi
Mercure
Polytechnique
-118
-110
[0;250]
-116
Distance (mts)
NbMeas
Meas_Mean[dBm]
To avoid CW samples reshape by noise, we filtered out all samples lower than -110dBm
57
Model Tuning MP[1/4]

Yaound
On the first stage we performed the model calibration using 1/3 of CW Routes.
Route name
NbPredPoints MeanError(dB)
RMSError(dB) CorrelationFactor
Polytechnique
18084
0.37
6.12
6.13
0.91
Mercure
14667
-0.09
6.39
6.39
0.91
Mvog-Betsi
18068
-0.3
6.61
6.62
0.87
Total
50819
6.38
6.38
0.9
Mean error dispersion(dB):
0.27
Returning the following settings:

Parameters
a_near
a_far
b_near
b_far
alpha
weighting_r
weighting_d
weighting_h
StdError(dB)
Value
2.75
0.08
23.06
24.05
0.50
0.50
1.0
1.0
These good KPIs will be a constant throughout all project.

58

Yaound
To validate the extracted model we apply it on the remaining 2/3 of the routes, and the
high performance should be upheld:
Route name
NbPredPoints MeanError(dB) StdError(dB) RMSError(dB) CorrelationFactor
H-Franco
18788
-0.61
6.65
6.68
0.88
PDC
22603
-3
6.58
7.23
0.88
H-Ville
22156
-0.65
6.46
6.49
0.89
Mendong
20922
-1.75
5.87
6.13
0.92
Total
84469
-1.54
6.47
6.65
0.9
0.88
All routes presents good performances and can be used for calibration purposes.
These results shows the model accuracy when the model is spread over other urban
areas.
59

Yaound
At last to obtain the final CW based model for Yaound, we use all the routes to
extract the calibrated parameters.
Route name
H-Franco
H-Ville
Mendong
Mercure
Mvog-Betsi
PDC
Polytechnique
Total
Mean error
dispersion(dB):
18788
0.34
22156
0.29
20922
-0.75
14667
0.82
18068
0.68
22603
-2.01
18084
1.32
135288
0
StdError(dB)
6.63
6.44
5.87
6.41
6.61
6.57
6.1
6.47
6.64
0.88
6.45
0.89
5.92
0.92
6.47
0.91
6.64
0.87
6.87
0.88
6.24
0.91
6.47
0.9
0.9
Parameters
a_near
a_far
b_near
b_far
alpha
weighting_r
weighting_d
weighting_h
Value
2.76
0.1
22.78
23.76
0.50
0.50
0.55
1.0
Final Parameters
for Yaound
Urban Model.
60
Model Tuning DP [4/4]

Yaound
Model DP global
Route name
H-Franco
H-Ville
Mendong
Mercure
Mvog-Betsi
PDC
Polytechnique
Total
Mean error
dispersion(dB):
NbPredPoints
18788
22156
20922
14667
18068
22603
18084
135288
StdError(dB)
6.64
6.43
6.89
6.55
6.6
6.57
6.11
6.49
RMSError(dB)
6.65
6.44
5.94
6.58
6.64
6.86
6.26
6.49
CorrelationFactor
0.88
0.89
0.92
0.9
0.87
0.88
0.91
0.9
0.89
Parameters
a_far
b_far
alpha
MeanError(dB)
0. 35
0.24
-0.75
0.69
0.73
-1.95
1.35
0
Value
0.04
23.76
0.5
Final Parameters
for Yaound
Urban Model DP.
These results shows that the DP model also gives an accurate and trustable
prediction of Yaound environment.
61
Measurements [1/2]
Douala
Douala

Nom du site
Libert
Du_Levant
La_Rose
Madagascar
Stamatiades
Logbaba
Deido-Lycee
Deido-Lycee
Nb ofNb
points
of points*
(sampled)
13661
14879
14027
18117
14801
13494
15079
18429
*Averaged but not filtered

Deido-lycee
Madagascar
Logbaba
La_Rose
Du Levant
Libert
Stamatiades
62
Measurements [2/2]
Douala
Noise Level Average by Route
CW Drive Test Mesure Vs Distance
-110
-112
-40
7000
-50
6000
-60
5000
dB
-70
-114
4000
-80
3000
[4750;5000]
[4500;4750]
[4250;4500]
[4000;4250]
[3750;4000]
[3500;3750]
[3250;3500]
[3000;3250]
[2750;3000]
[2500;2750]
[2250;2500]
[2000;2250]
Nogbaba
Stamatiades
Du_Levant
Madagascar
Deido_Lycee
La_Rose
Libert
-118
[1750;2000]
0
[1500;1750]
-120
[1250;1500]
1000
[1000;1250]
-110
[750;1000]
2000
[0;250]
-116
-100
[250;500]
RxLev (dBm)
-90
[500;750]
Distance (mts)
NbMeas
Meas_Mean[dBm]
To avoid CW samples reshape by noise, we filtered out all samples lower than -110dBm
63

Douala
On the first stage we perform the model calibration using 1/3 of CW Routes
Route name
StdError(dB)
Libert
14448
0.76
5.67
5.72
0.9
La_Rose
17957
-0.99
5.6
5.68
0.89
Deido_Lycee
18345
0.37
5.18
5.19
0.91
Total
50750
5.52
5.52
0.9
0.7
Weve got the following parameters

Parameters
a_near
a_far
b_near
b_far
alpha
weighting_r
weighting_d
weighting_h
Value
2.71
0.0
22.62
23.62
0.5
0.5
0.71
0.92
64

Douala
Applying the calibrated parameters on the remaining 2/3 of the routes we obtain
the following KPIs:
Route name
Madagascar
Du_Levant
Logbaba
Stamatiades
Total
13845
13916
13777
13300
54838
1.25
0.41
1.25
3.84
-0.1
1.36
StdError(dB) RMSError(dB) CorrelationFactor
5.77
4.84
5.51
5.27
5.57
5.78
5
6.72
5.28
5.73
0.92
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
Once again we obtain an good accuracy when the model is spread over the
other areas.
All routes are inside the target KPIs and can be used for calibration.
65

Douala
Finally to obtain the MP model, we calibrate the model with all 7 routes
Route name
NbPredPoints
Libert
14448
La_Rose
17957
Deido_Lycee
18345
Madagascar
13845
Du_Levant
13916
13300
Stamatiades
13777
Logbaba
Total
105598
0.97
Parameters
a_near
a_far
b_near
b_far
alpha
weighting_r
weighting_d
weighting_h
Value
2.7
-0.01
22.82
23.83
0.5
0.5
0.63
1
MeanError(dB)
0.05
-1.69
-0.31
-0.3
0.51
-0.81
3.14
0
StdError(dB)
5.66
5.61
5.17
5.76
4.85
5.27
5.51
5.59
RMSError(dB)
5.66
5.86
5.18
5.77
4.88
5.33
6.34
5.59
CorrelationFactor
0.91
0.89
0.91
0.92
0.93
0.9
0.9
0.9
Final Parameters
for Douala Urban
Model.
66

Douala
Model DP global
Route name
Libert
La_Rose
Deido_Lycee
Madagascar
Du_Levant
Stamatiades
Logbaba
Total
NbPredPoints MeanError(dB) StdError(dB) RMSError(dB)

-0.01
5.77
5.77
14448
-1.76
5.61
5.88
17957
-0.3
5.2
5.21
18345
13845
-0.27
5.77
5.78
13916
0.55
4.88
4.91
13330
-0.78
5.29
5.34
13777
3.17
5.5
6.35
105598
0
5.62
5.62
0.97
Parameters
a_far
b_far
alpha
Value
-0.01
23.81
0.5
CorrelationFactor
0.9
0.89
0.91
0.92
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
Final Parameters
for Douala Urban
Model DP.
Also for Douala, the DP model achieve an accurate and trustable prediction of
the environment.
67

Global
Finally we calibrate the global model
On the first stage we perform the model calibration using 1/3 of CW Routes (3 Yaound
+ 3 Douala).
Route name
StdError(dB)
Dou- Libert
14448
-0.02
5.65
5.65
0.91
Dou - La_Rose
17957
-1.76
5.62
5.89
0.89
Dou - Deido_Lycee
18345
-0.38
5.17
5.19
0.91
Yde Polytechnique
18084
1.13
6.11
6.21
0.91
Yde Mercure
14667
0.65
6.4
6.43
0.91
Yde - Mvog-Betsi
18068
0.49
6.61
6.63
0.87
Total
101569
6.02
6.02
0.9
0.77
Weve got the following parameters
Parameters
a_near
a_far
b_near
b_far
alpha
weighting_r
weighting_d
weighting_h
Value
2.74
0.06
22.84
23.83
0.5
0.5
0.88
0.98
68

Global
Applying the calibrated parameters on the remaining 2/3 of the routes we obtain
the following KPIs:
Route name
H-Franco
18788
0.15
PDC
22603
-2.21
H-Ville
22156
0.11
Mendong
20922
-0.95
Madagascar
13845
-0.38
Du_Levant
13916
0.44
13300
-0.89
Stamatiades
13777
3.06
Logbaba
Total
139307
-0.24
1.01
StdError(dB) RMSError(dB) CorrelationFactor

6.64
6.64
0.88
6.57
6.93
0.88
6.45
6.45
0.89
5.87
5.95
0.92
5.76
5.78
0.92
4.85
4.87
0.9
5.27
5.34
0.9
5.51
6.31
0.9
6.16
6.16
0.9
This results proves the model accuracy when we spread the model in a global
way through Yaound and Douala.
69

Global
Finally to obtain the Global MP model, we calibrate the model with all 14 routes
Route name
Dou- Libert
Dou - La_Rose
Dou - Deido_Lycee
Yde Polytechnique
Yde Mercure
Yde - Mvog-Betsi
Yde - H-Franco
Yde PDC
Yde - H-Ville
Yde Mendong
Dou Madagascar
Dou - Du_Levant
Dou Stamatiades
Dou - Logbaba
NbPredPoints MeanError(dB) StdError(dB) RMSError(dB) CorrelationFactor

0.12
5.66
5.66
0.9
14448
-1.63
5.61
5.84
0.89
17957
-0.24
5.18
5.18
0.91
18345
1.27
6.11
6.24
0.91
18084
0.78
6.41
6.46
0.91
14667
0.63
6.61
6.64
0.87
18068
0.29
6.64
6.64
0.88
18788
-2.06
6.57
6.89
0.88
22603
0.24
6.44
6.45
0.89
22156
-0.81
5.87
5.93
0.92
20922
-0.24
5.76
5.77
0.92
13845
0.58
4.85
4.88
0.93
13916
-0.75
5.27
5.32
0.9
13300
3.2
5.51
6.37
0.9
13777
Total
240886
0.92
Parameters
a_near
a_far
b_near
b_far
alpha
weighting_r
weighting_d
weighting_h
Value
2.73
0.05
22.80
23.79
0.5
0.5
0.55
1
6.1
6.1
0.9
Final Parameters
for Global MP
Urban Model.
70

Global
Model DP global
Route name
Dou- Libert
Dou - La_Rose
Dou - Deido_Lycee
Yde Polytechnique
Yde Mercure
Yde - Mvog-Betsi
Yde - H-Franco
Yde PDC
Yde - H-Ville
Yde Mendong
Dou Madagascar
Dou - Du_Levant
Dou Stamatiades
Dou - Logbaba
NbPoints MeanError(dB) StdError(dB) RMSError(dB) CorrelationFactor

0.05
5.78
5.78
0.9
14448
-1.7
5.61
5.86
0.89
17957
-0.24
5.2
5.21
0.91
18345
1.31
6.12
6.25
0.91
18084
0.65
6.55
6.58
0.9
14667
0.69
6.6
6.64
0.87
18068
0.31
6.64
6.65
0.88
18788
-2
6.58
6.87
0.88
22603
0.19
6.43
6.44
0.89
22156
-0.8
5.89
5.95
0.92
20922
-0.2
5.77
5.78
0.92
13845
0.61
4.87
4.91
0.9
13916
-0.72
5.29
5.33
0.9
13300
3.23
5.5
6.38
0.9
15048
Total
240886
0.91
Parameters
a_far
b_far
alpha
Value
0.02
23.78
0.5
6.12
6.12
0.9
Final Parameters
for Global Urban
Model DP.
71
Volcano Calibration
SCAN Adjustment
Model Adjustment [1/4]

Yaound
To verify and adjust the mean error of the calibrated model we use the SCAN data.
To avoid SC doublons we had to divide Yaound in three areas.
For KPIs analyses purposes, we merged each route in a single global route, thus the
results presented below consider only the global route.
73

Yaound
UMTS SCAN routes
115651* samples were used for SCAN evaluation
A mixed of suburban and urban areas was considered.
*After averaging and filtering
74

Yaound
To adjust the Antenna Correction parameter we extracted the SCAN KPIs using the
calibrated model for the 3 available configurations (High, medium, standard).
The correction method having the lower variance in the antenna range [-60:60] should
be employed.
The Antenna Correction method High has is the most stable .

75

Yaound
Finally using internal proprietary tools developed by SIRADEL R&D, which have proved
their accuracy throughout the years on many projects, we attain the error between CW
model and SCAN measurements.
We got an error of -0.52dB.

These results shows how accurate is the Calibrated model.
76

Douala
Once again to avoid SC doublons, we divided the Douala in two areas.
For KPIs analyses purposes, we merged each route in a single global route, thus the
results presented below consider only the global route.
77

Douala
UMTS SCAN Best server routes
97034* samples were used for SCAN evaluation
Suburban areas are less represented because CW sites are mostly concentrated on
the city center and also because its harder to drive on the suburban side.
*After averaging and filtering
78

Douala
To adjust Antenna Correction parameter we extracted the SCAN KPIs over the 2 zones
using the calibrated model for the 3 available configurations (High, medium, standard).
The correction method having the lower variance in the antenna range [-60:60] should
be employed.
The Antenna Correction method High has the lower error and is more stable .
79

Douala
Again using SIRADEL internal tools, we attain the error between CW based model and
SCAN measurements.
We got an error of -1.43dB.

80
Model Adjustment
Global
Finally for the Global model, the error between CW based model and SCAN
measurements.
The error still around -0,83dB.
81
Results, Conclusions and

Recommendations
Results [1/2]
Reminding the targets and commitment KPIs:

Targets*
Global mean error = 0dB
Global standard deviation error ~6dB
Global Mean Error dispersion = 1.5dB
Commitments*
Mean error = 0dB

Global standard deviation error <= 8dB
Global Mean Error dispersion < 3dB
All KPIs are inside the targeted objectives
Multi-Path
Route name MeanError(dB) StdError(dB) CorrelationFactor
Douala
0
5.59
0.90
Mean error dispersion(dB)

0.97
Yaound
6.47
0.90
0.9
Global
6.1
0.90
0.92
Direct-Path
Route name MeanError(dB) StdError(dB) CorrelationFactor
Douala
0
5.62
0.90
Yaound
0
6.49
0.90
Global
0
6.12
0.91
*Calibration KPI with CW data
Mean error dispersion(dB)

0.97
0.89
0.91
83
Results [2/2]
Extracted Parameters from CW calibrated model with the SCAN adjustment

included:
Multi-Path
Parameters
a_near
a_far
b_near
b_far
alpha
weighting_r
weighting_d
weighting_h
Value
2.24
-0.42
22.78
23.76
0.50
0.50
0.55
1.0
Yaound
Parameters
a_near
a_far
b_near
b_far
alpha
weighting_r
weighting_d
weighting_h
Value
1.27
-1.44
22.82
23.83
0.5
0.5
0.63
1
Parameters
a_near
a_far
b_near
b_far
alpha
weighting_r
weighting_d
weighting_h
Value
1,9
-0,78
22.80
23.79
0.5
0.5
0.55
1
Global
Douala
Direct Path
Parameters
a_far
b_far
alpha
Yaound
Value
-0.48
23.76
0.5
Parameters
a_far
b_far
alpha
Value
-1.44
23.81
0.5
Parameters
a_far
b_far
alpha
Douala
Value
-0.81
23.78
0.5
Global
84
Conclusions
CW routes presents outstanding performances both on Douala and Yaound
confidence reinforced
Douala and Yaound Models presents very similar performances
Both DP and MP models reproduce the propagation environment with high

level of certitude
Multi path trajectories doesn't play an important role on these two
environments
The Direct Path is the dominant one
Regarding the results, SIRADEL suggests DP Model utilisation.
reduce computation time

prediction accuracy guaranteed
85
Recommendations
Use Atoll as an updated image of the live network.
After an optimisation Atoll project shall be updated (ex: C-PICH).
Review cells position.
86
And Now? Perspectives?
Perspectives [1/3]
On the Atoll project we found several sites placed either on wrong positions or
inside buildings.
A global site correction effort can bring important benefits to Orange network
planning performance
being part of SIRADEL activity the site correction and detection is often sought
by operators to improve their network planning accuracy.
88
Perspectives [2/3]
On Cameroun still exist other important villages where an HR map data can help
and ease Orange to improve his network quality, for example
Garoua 350 000 people

Bamenda 300 000 people
Maroua 270 000 people
Bafoussam 250 000 people
This amount of population represents an important source of revenue for Orange.
An accurate HR 3D map data will give the tools for an accurate optimisation and
site deployment in these towns. Allowing to reduce coverage holes, and
interference.
SIRADEL is available and has the resources to develop HR cartography for other
towns\areas in Cameroun.
89
Perspectives [3/3]
Since cities layout changes regularly, cartography should be updated to keep

accuracy.
SIRADEL suggests a cartography update on a 2/3 years basis.
90
Deliverables
Deliverables
6 Volcano Urban model calibrated in .vxf format
Douala, DP and MP
Yaound, DP and MP
Global, DP and MP
CW Atoll project with 14 CW Routes

SCAN Best Server Route for Douala and Yaound
Technical data sheets
Calibration Reports
91
Questions?
92
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Workshop

UMTS Band I Volcano URBAN Model calibration

SIRADEL Confidential - Copyright 2015

Volcano Urban Model review

Map Data overview

Volcano calibration guidelines

Volcano calibration workflow

Results, Conclusion and Recommendations

And now? Perspectives?

SIRADEL Confidential - Copyright 2015

SIRADEL Confidential - Copyright 2015

SIRADEL was founded in 1994 in Rennes,

Partner with the world biggest telecom suppliers

SIRADEL Confidential - Copyright 2015

SIRADEL has a large experience on RF models calibration, performing dozens

Calibration using either CW or SCAN or both.

All wireless bands and technologies: 450MHz, 800MHz, 900MHz, 1800MHz,

SIRADEL Confidential - Copyright 2015

Orange intend to improve 3G network quality.

To do so, Orange needs to dispose of accurate propagation models to improve

Therefore Orange requested SIRADEL services to calibrate two Volcano URBAN

SIRADEL perform CW and SCAN measurement in the UMTS band used by

High resolution 3D map data was used to describe the environment.

SIRADEL Confidential - Copyright 2015

Volcano Urban Model

SIRADEL Confidential - Copyright 2015

Deygout method (to calculate multiple knife-edge diffraction)

UTD (Uniform Theory of Diffraction)

Multi-path path loss is computed as follows:

2D ray trajectories constructed in the horizontal plane (reflections and diffractions

SIRADEL Confidential - Copyright 2015

Transmitter located well above surrounding environment

Site PDC @Yaound

Most of the radio energy is propagated above top obstacles

Recommendation: Use Direct path Modelling

Antenna located on a Rooftop, Terrace or against Building facade with

Site La Libert @Douala

Example of a major MP environment

Radio energy propagated by diffraction and partly via wave-guiding

Recommendation: Use multi path modelling

To answer the demanding's of these two distinct environments, SIRADEL

SIRADEL Confidential - Copyright 2015

Multi-paths contributions in predictions include:

Direct path (1) with diffraction above rooftops

SIRADEL Confidential - Copyright 2015

Multi-paths contributions in predictions include:

Site Stamatiades @Douala

The first backward interaction should be in LOS

MULTIPLE KNIFE-EDGE DIFFRACTION - The Deygout Method

Uniform Theory of Diffraction (UTD)

Based on research and projects experience outcome, SIRADEL R&D has

Multiple path contributions is added value mainly nearby transmitters

All multi-path contributions are calculated

Only the direct path is computed

A linear transition is carried out from the

*100 meters long

SIRADEL Confidential - Copyright 2015

The signals are made of 3 components

SIRADEL Confidential - Copyright 2015

To preserve only large variations (shadowing)

SIRADEL Confidential - Copyright 2015

Volcano Urban Model mathematical description

Path Loss (dB) = Lfree space + Cfree space + Ldeterministic + Lclutter

Free space loss @1m