Eukaryotic Cell

Prokaryotic Cell

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All

Microtubules:

Present

Absent or rare

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Vesicles:

Present

Present

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Mitochondria:

Present

Absent

hide

Chloroplasts:

Present (in plants)

Absent

hide

Plasma membrane with

Yes
steriod:

Usually no

hide

Golgi apparatus:

Present

Absent

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Endoplasmic reticulum: Present

Absent

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Differentation:

Tissue and organs

Radimentary

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Ribosomes:

80S especially in
70S
Mitochondria and chloroplast

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Cytoskeleton:

Present

May be absent

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Vacoules:

Present

Present

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Number of
chromosomes:

More than one

One

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DNA complexed
histones:

Yes

No

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True Membrane bound

Nucleus:

Present

Absent

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Cell wall:

Chemically simpler

Usually chemically
complexed

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Nucleolus:

Present

Absent

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Mitosis Occurs:

Yes

No

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Partial, undirectional
transfers DNA

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Submicroscopic in size,
composed of only one fiber

hide

Genetic Recombination: Mitosis and fusion gametes

Flagella:

Microscopic in size;
membrane bound; usually
arranged as nine doublets
surrounding two singlets

Lysosomes and
peroxisomes:

Eukaryotic Cell

Prokaryotic Cell

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All

Present

Absent

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All cells can be classfied into prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Prokaryotes were the
only form of life on Earth for millions of years until more complicated eukaryotic
cells came into being through the process of evolution.
Contents
[hide]

1 Definition of eukaryotes and prokaryotes

2 Differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells

3 Video comparing Eukaryotic Cell and Prokaryotic Cell

4See Also

[edit] Definition of eukaryotes and prokaryotes

Prokaryotes (pro-KAR-ee-ot-es) (from Old Greek pro- before + karyon nut or
kernel, referring to the cell nucleus, + suffix -otos, pl. -otes; also spelled
"procaryotes") are organisms without a cell nucleus (= karyon), or any other
membrane-bound organelles. Most are unicellular, but some prokaryotes are
multicellular).
Eukaryotes (IPA: [jukt]) are organisms whose cells are organized into
complex structures by internal membranes and a cytoskeleton. The most
characteristic membrane bound structure is the nucleus. This feature gives them
their name, (also spelled "eucaryote,") which comes from the Greek , meaning
good/true, and , meaning nut, refering to the nucleus. Animals, plants, fungi,
and protists are eukaryotes.
[edit] Differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells
The difference between the structure of prokaryotes and eukaryotes is so great that
it is considered to be the most important distinction among groups of organisms.

Structure and contents of a typical Gram positive bacterial cell (a prokaryotic cell)

The most fundamental difference is that eukaryotes do have "true" nuclei

containing their DNA, whereas the genetic material in prokaryotes is not
membrane-bound.

In eukaryotes, the mitochondria and chloroplasts perform various metabolic

processes and are believed to have been derived from endosymbiotic
bacteria. In prokaryotes similar processes occur across the cell membrane;
endosymbionts are extremely rare.

The cell walls of prokaryotes are generally formed of a different molecule

(peptidoglycan) to those of eukaryotes (many eukaryotes do not have a cell
wall at all).

Prokaryotes are usually much smaller than eukaryotic cells.

Prokaryotes also differ from eukaryotes in that they contain only a single loop
of stable chromosomal DNA stored in an area named the nucleoid, while
eukaryote DNA is found on tightly bound and organised chromosomes.
Although some eukaryotes have satellite DNA structures called plasmids,
these are generally regarded as a prokaryote feature and many important
genes in prokaryotes are stored on plasmids.

Prokaryotes have a larger surface area to volume ratio giving them a higher
metabolic rate, a higher growth rate and consequently a shorter generation
time compared to Eukaryotes.

Genes
Prokaryotes also differ from eukaryotes in the structure, packing,
density, and arrangement of their genes on the chromosome.
Prokaryotes have incredibly compact genomes compared to

eukaryotes, mostly because prokaryote genes lack introns and large

non-coding regions between each gene.
Whereas nearly 95% of the human genome does not code for proteins
or RNA or includes a gene promoter, nearly all of the prokaryote
genome codes or controls something.
Prokaryote genes are also expressed in groups, known as operons,
instead of individually, as in eukaryotes.
In a prokaryote cell, all genes in an operon(three in the case of the
famous lac operon) are transcribed on the same piece of RNA and then
made into separate proteins, whereas if these genes were native to
eukaryotes, they each would have their own promoter and be
transcribed on their own strand of mRNA. This lesser degree of control
over gene expression contributes to the simplicity of the prokaryotes
as compared to the eukaryotes.
[edit] Video comparing Eukaryotic Cell and Prokaryotic Cell
[edit] See Also

Plant cells vs. Animal cells

Difference between DNA and RNA

Bacteria vs Virus

Meiosis vs Mitosis

Xylem vs Phloem

ACT vs SAT

Categories: Cellular Biology | Microbiology | Molecular Biology | Biology | Science

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[Add Comments]Comments: Eukaryotic Cell vs Prokaryotic Cell
Comments on Eukaryotic Cell vs. Prokaryotic Cell
since eukaryotic cells have operons as well, im disinclined to agree with the
statement that operons contribute to the simplicity of prokaryotes.
- by 192.17.178.254 on 2010-10-15 15:16:32
I'm trying to figure out why there is such differences in sizes between the cells.

- by 68.217.211.138 on 2009-03-21 00:54:24

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The hierarchy of biological classification's eight major taxonomic ranks, which is an

example of definition by genus and differentia. Intermediate minor rankings are not
shown.
A prefix is used to indicate a ranking of lesser importance. The prefix superindicates a rank above, the prefix sub- indicates a rank below. In zoology the prefix
infran.com/difference/Eukaryotic_Cell_vs_Prokaryotic_Cell#ixzz1MEoEjhsJ

Modern bird orders: Classification

See also: List of birds
Neorn Palaeog
ithes nathae

Struthionifor
mes
Tinamiformes

Neogna
thae

Other
birds
(Neoave
s)
Galloa Anserif
nserae ormes
Gallifor
mes

Basal divergences of modern

birds
based on Sibley-Ahlquist
taxonomy

Cladogram showing the most recent classification of Neoaves, based on several

phylogenetic studies.[27]

This is a list of the taxonomic orders in the subclass Neornithes, or modern birds.
This list uses the traditional classification (the so-called Clements order), revised by
the Sibley-Monroe classification. The list of birds gives a more detailed summary of
the orders, including families.
Subclass Neornithes
The subclass Neornithes has two superorders
Superorder Palaeognathae:
The name of the superorder is derived from paleognath, the ancient Greek for "old
jaws" in reference to the skeletal anatomy of the palate, which is described as more
primitive and reptilian than that in other birds. The Palaeognathae consists of two
orders which comprise 49 existing species.

Struthioniformesostriches, emus, kiwis, and allies

Tinamiformestinamous

Superorder Neognathae:
The superorder Neognathae comprises 27 orders which have a total of nearly ten
thousand species. The Neognathae have undergone adaptive radiation to produce
the staggering diversity of form (especially of the bill and feet), function, and
behavior that are seen today.
The orders comprising the Neognathae are:

Moa attacked by a Haast's Eagle

Anseriformeswaterfowl

Galliformesfowl

Charadriiformesgulls, button-quails, plovers and allies

Gaviiformesloons

Podicipediformesgrebes

Procellariiformesalbatrosses, petrels, and allies

Sphenisciformespenguins

Pelecaniformespelicans and allies

Phaethontiformestropicbirds

Ciconiiformesstorks and allies

CathartiformesNew World vultures

Phoenicopteriformesflamingos

Falconiformesfalcons, eagles, hawks and allies

Gruiformescranes and allies

Pteroclidiformessandgrouse

Columbiformesdoves and pigeons

Psittaciformesparrots and allies

Cuculiformescuckoos and turacos

Opisthocomiformeshoatzin

Strigiformesowls

Caprimulgiformesnightjars and allies

Apodiformesswifts and hummingbirds

Coraciiformeskingfishers and allies

Piciformeswoodpeckers and allies

Trogoniformestrogons

Coliiformesmousebirds

Passeriformespasserines

The radically different Sibley-Monroe classification (Sibley-Ahlquist taxonomy),

based on molecular data, found widespread adoption in a few aspects, as recent
molecular, fossil, and anatomical evidence supported the Galloanserae.[23]