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Proposed Bridge
Brgy. Pres Quezon, Liloan Southern Leyte
TABLE OF CONTENTS
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
INTRODUCTION
FIELD INVESTIGATION
SOIL LABORATORY TESTS
FINDINGS and RECOMMENDATION
LIMITATIONS
APPENDIX
INTRODUCTION
EB Testing Center Inc. was engaged to undertake the soil investigation of the
site locations of the proposed Bridge along Brgy. Pres Quezon, Liloan Southern
Leyte.
The field work, undertaken from July 1 to 4, 2014, consisted of drilling boreholes
which was performed with Standard Penetration Tests (SPT) for soil-type
materials and coring procedure for rock-type procedure.
Two boreholes were drilled up to a depth of 21m each and soil sampling was
undertaken from almost every 1.5m depth for each borehole.
The retrieved samples were taken to the soil laboratory for further tests which
include the following:
1. Classification of Soils (USCS) for Engineering Purposes ASTM D2487
2. Particle Size Analysis of Soils ASTM D-422
3. Determination of Moisture Content of Soil ASTM D-2216
4. Liquid & Plastic Limit of Soils ASTM D-4318
5. Unconfined Compression Test for Intact Rock Sample
This report presents the evaluation on the geotechnical conditions resulting from
the tests conducted and strength parameters (skin friction and end bearing) to
come up with the prevailing pile capacity per borehole location.
II
FIELD INVESTIGATION
Soil samples were retrieved using the spoon sampler. When very hard material
including gravel and rock formation are encountered, coring procedure is
employed.
For rock-type samples, Rock-Quality Designation (RQD) was applied in
describing their properties. RQD is a measure of the degree of jointing or fracture
in a rock mass that is measured as a percentage of the drill core in lengths of 10
cm or more. High-quality rock has an RQD of more than 75% while low quality of
has less than 50%.
All the recovered soil samples and cored samples were brought to the soil
laboratory for further testings.
III
LABORATORY TESTING
Retrieved soil or cored samples from every 1.5m depth were subjected to the
following laboratory tests in conformance with the procedures given in the current
ASTM standards as described below:
Grain Size Analysis as per ASTM D422
Sieve analyses were performed to determine the gradational characteristics of
the soil in order to come up with soil classification information
Determination of Moisture Content as per ASTM D2216
The method determines the water (moisture) content of soil by weight.
Moisture content of soil is the ratio of the mass of pore water in a given soil mass
to the mass of the solid material particles, given in percentage.
Atterberg Limit Test as per ASTM D4318 (for plastic material)
Atterberg Limits test of fine grained (i.e., clayey or silty) material were performed
to come up with soil classification data and to determine moisture content at
which the behavior of soil changes.
Liquid Limit of Soils
The liquid limit of soil is the water content (percentage in weight) of the ovendried soil after reaching the condition between the liquid and plastic states.
Plastic Limit of Soils
The plastic limit of soil is the water content (percentage in weight) of the ovendried soil after reaching the condition between the plastic and semi-solid states.
3
TCR=
lsum of pieces
x 100
ltotal core run
recovery percentage incorporating only pieces of solid core that are longer than
100 mm in length measured along the centerline of the core.
As such, pieces of core that are not competent (hard and sound) should not be
counted inspite of being 100 mm in length.
RQD is defined as the quotient:
RQD=
lsum of 100
x 100
ltotal core run
lsum of pieces = Sum of length of core sticks longer than 100 mm measured along the
center line of the core
IV
<25%
very poor
25-50%
Poor
50-75%
Fair
75-90%
Good
90-100%
Excellent
Generally the soil strata is composed of completely weathered boulders that has
very poor RQD. Very Poor RQDs indicate their being soft and weak as rock
materials
Expecting large dead & live loads on to be passed on to the bridge piers and
abutment and considering overturning and lateral loads to be imposed on the
foundation, a mat foundation is recommended for this bridge structure.
It must be highlighted that allowable bearing capacity of soft rock is not based on
bearing capacity of shallow foundation but rather on semi-empirical values.
At the founding level which could be at elevation 2.5m or so below the
natural grade line, a minimum allowable bearing capacity of 400kPa could
be employed.
LIMITATIONS
The foregoing assessment and recommendations are based on the prevailing
exploration and laboratory results. Should there be significant differences in the
soil stratification encountered during the construction stage, the undersigned
should be informed immediately so that necessary supplemental
recommendations can be made.
VI
APPENDIX
2 / 4
* EB
where :
= pile diameter
SFn = skin friction at a particular soil layer
Ln = length of a particular soil layer
EB = end bearing
Allowable Pile Capacity = Ultimate Capacity/Factor of Safety
Factor of Safety = at least 2.0
Hereunder is a graph showing the allowable pile capacities for varying diameter
in meter at different depths for all boreholes.
18000
16000
14000
12000
10000
Pile Capacity (kN)
1
8000
1.2
1.5
1.8
6000
4000
2000
0
20
25
30
35
40