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Greece said on Aug. 11 that it had reached a deal with its international creditors for a third bailout that would provide aid
worth up to 86 billion euros, or about $94.4 billion, in exchange for harsh austerity terms. But a number of European officials
expressed caution, and it remained uncertain whether the accord would satisfy Germany or be ratified by other European
governments.
Greece needs a new aid program by Aug. 20, when the country is scheduled to make a payment of 3.2 billion euros on bonds
held by the European Central Bank. The International Monetary Fund has threatened to withdraw support for Greeces bailout
unless European leaders agree to substantial debt relief.

How does the crisis affect the global financial system?

In the European Union, most real decision-making power, particularly on matters involving politically delicate things like
money and migrants, rests with 28 national governments, each one beholden to its voters and taxpayers. This tension has
grown only more acute since the January 1999 introduction of the euro, which now binds 19 nations into a single currency
zone watched over by the European Central Bank but leaves budget and tax policy in the hands of each country, an
arrangement that some economists believe was doomed from the start.
Since Greeces debt crisis began in 2010, most international banks and foreign investors have sold their Greek bonds and
other holdings, so they are no longer vulnerable to what happens in Greece. (Some private investors who subsequently
plowed back into Greek bonds, betting on a comeback, regret that decision.)
And in the meantime, the other crisis countries in the eurozone, like Portugal, Ireland and Spain, have taken steps to overhaul
their economies and are much less vulnerable to market contagion than they were a few years ago.
Debt in the European Union
Gross government debt as a percentage of gross domestic product plotted through the fourth quarter of 2014.

Source: Eurostat
What if Greece left the eurozone?
At the height of the debt crisis a few years ago, many experts worried that Greeces problems would spill over to the rest of
the world. If Greece defaulted on its debt and exited the eurozone, they argued, it might create global financial shocks bigger
than the collapse of Lehman Brothers did.
Now, however, some people believe that if Greece were to leave the currency union, in what is known as a Grexit, it
wouldnt be such a catastrophe. Europe has put up safeguards to limit the so-called financial contagion, in an effort to keep
the problems from spreading to other countries. Greece, just a tiny part of the eurozone economy, could regain financial
autonomy by leaving, these people contend and the eurozone would actually be better off without a country that seems to
constantly need its neighbors support.
Greeces G.D.P. and Unemployment Rates in Europe
First quarter 2015 average; *Britain is the three-month average through February.

Source: Eurostat
Others say thats too simplistic a view. Despite the frustration of endless negotiations, European political leaders see a united
Europe as an imperative. At the same time, they still havent fixed some of the biggest shortcomings of the eurozones
structure by creating a more federal-style system of transferring money as needed among members the way the United
States does among its various states.
Exiting the euro currency union and the European Union would also involve a legal minefield that no country has yet ventured
to cross. There are also no provisions for departure, voluntary or forced, from the euro currency union.
If Greece has received billions in bailouts, why is there still a crisis?
The money was supposed to buy Greece time to stabilize its finances and quell market fears that the euro union itself could
break up. While it has helped, Greeces economic problems havent gone away. The economy has shrunk by a quarter in five
years, and unemployment is above 25 percent.
The bailout money mainly goes toward paying off Greeces international loans, rather than making its way into the economy.
And the government still has a staggering debt load that it cannot begin to pay down unless a recovery takes hold.
Many economists, and many Greeks, blame the austerity measures for much of the countrys continuing problems. The leftist
Syriza party rode to power this year promising to renegotiate the bailout; Mr. Tsipras said that austerity had created a
humanitarian crisis in Greece.