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________________ _______________
Research Report Outline
ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………………….……………………3
BACKGOUND & INTRODUCTION …………………….…………………………….……….....4
RESEARCH QUESTIONS……………………………………………………………………..….5
SCHEDULE…………………………………………………………………………………………5
SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW ………………………………………….…..…………6
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY.…………………………………………………………….……10
STUDY RESULTS………………..………………………………………………..………..……11
REASON FOR ERROR……………………….…..…………………………………………..….15
SUMMARY/RECOMMENDATION..…………………………………………..……….………..16
REFERENCES………………………………………………………………………..………..….17
APPENDIX………….………………………………………………………………..…… …........18
FULL RESEARCH LITERATURE REVIEW ……………………………………………………22
________________________ _______________________
CLASSROOM PERFORMANCE SYSTEMS 3
_______ ________
______________ ____________
During this research I wanted to find out several questions that relate
to this ever changing technology in education. My biggest question is, why?
Is technology that important in education? I decided to run a trial test on my
life science students by incorporating the Classroom Performance Statement
(CPS) in several units of study. As with learning any new technology another
question arises; how long will it take me to learn this new system, develop
quizzes as well as incorporate this new technology in my lesson plans? I
wondered if it would be worth my time and effort to manage this new
technology in a constructive way; not just for me but also for my students.
_________________________ _________________________
DATE ACTION
2-25 Action research final proposal
2-28/29 Learn how to set up the CPS. Make quiz #1 from circulatory system
3-3 Deliver first quiz via cps to 4th period. Analyze data.
Get a feel from students re: class w/ cps vs class w/o cps
3-4/ Make and deliver various tests and quizzes. Analyze student data
3-20 Ask students again about class w/ and w/o CPS
Research CPS and the use of it in education.
Week of
Give test via CPS on the Urinary and Reproductive System (the 2 units I
4/6 & would have used the CPS during instruction).
4/13
“ “ Repeat another quiz from a different unit if necessary.
“ “ Analyze Data.
4/25 Write Final Report
5/ 16 Turn in Final Action Research
CLASSROOM PERFORMANCE SYSTEMS 6
__________ ______
Does technology increase performance?
According to the OECD's 2008 Education at a Glance, the United States
ranks number one in all education spending and well above the Organization
for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) average for K-12
education. Yet, outcomes for students at the end of their public education
career have not kept pace with these large-scale investments.
In the last 30 years, the United States has doubled per-pupil spending
in real dollars. We spend more money on education for K-12 than most other
industrialized countries. Still American 15-year-olds score below the
international average on science and math literacy when compared with 30
OECD countries. SAT verbal scores show a decline from 530 in 1972 to 502
today and SAT math scores have essentially flattened from 509 in 1972 to
515 today. Furthermore, according to
National Assessment of Education Progress
(NAEP), the average reading scores at age
17 showed no measurable changes between
1999 and 2004 and the average score for
17-year-olds in 2004 was similar to that in
1971.
Role of Technology
There are many different types of
technology used in education today. Each
technology is likely to play a different role
in students' learning. Rather than trying
to describe the impact of all technologies
as if they were the same, researchers
need to think about what kind of
technologies are being used in the
classroom and for what purposes. Two
general distinctions can be made.
Students can "from" computers;
essentially as tutors to increase basic skills and knowledge. Students can
also learn "with" a computer; as a tool that can be applied to a variety of
goals in the learning process and can serve as a resource to help develop
higher order thinking, creativity and research skills. (Reeves, 2006).
Bruce and Levin (2001), for example, look at ways in which the tools,
techniques, and applications of technology can support integrated, inquiry-
based learning to "engage children in exploring, thinking, reading, writing,
researching, inventing, problem-solving, and experiencing the world." They
developed the idea of technology as media with four different focuses:
1. Media for inquiry: Internet resources, databases, or spreadsheets
2. Media for communication- word processing, e-mail, wikis, blogs, and
tutorials
CLASSROOM PERFORMANCE SYSTEMS 10
________________ __________
The Participants
There were 110 students and two teachers that participated in my
study:
The two teachers are Peggy McCarty and I. We both have been teaching life
science for more for more than ten years. The students in this study
consisted of my one life science class of 27 students and three of Peggy
McCarty’s classes, a total of 82 students. A total of eleven students were
removed from the study; six students did not take all of the four tests and
one student changed schools.
CLASSROOM PERFORMANCE SYSTEMS 11
_______________________________ ___________________________
Student Test Scores
Does using technology in the classroom effect student learning? In this
case I would have to say yes. Overall, the classes without the use of
technology test scores decreased 2.2 % while the classes that used
technology test scores increased an average of 5.6%.
Mrs. McCarty’s classes, without using technology, decreased on
average 2.2% . My class, which used the CPS, increased an average of 9.7%.
Mrs. McCarty’s 6th period, which also used technology, increased an average
of 1.5%. The means the classes that used technology increased their test
scores an average of 5.6%.
A total of eleven students were removed from this survey. Two
students moved from the district and nine students missed one of the four
tests. There were fifty students included in the non-technology group and
forty nine in the technology group.
Summary of results
Students % improved % decreased No removed Overall
(on average) (average) change Class Ave
Peggy
11 13
4th
26 improved decreased 1 -1.6%
average on average 1
of 7.4% of -9.3%
Peggy 7
improved 17 5
5th
29 average decreased 0 excluded -2.8%
of 4% an average from data
of -5.6%
Peggy 11 11
improved decreased 5 1.5%
6th
27 average an average 0 excluded increase
of of 26.2% from data
CLASSROOM PERFORMANCE SYSTEMS 13
14.8%
Edoff 23 4
improved decreased 9.7%
4th
27 average an average 0 0 increase
of of 2.6
12.2
feedback the CPS gives on each question or how they can compare
themselves to the rest of the class for each quiz. I was quickly reminded
how a little change can energize a room and that energy is contagious.
Believe it or not, the students in both classes almost seemed happy to take a
quiz; while the non technology students expressed no excitement for their
quiz. Most did not even care if they ever saw their quiz score. The attitude
in classes without the CPS was extremely jealous. They wanted to know why
they couldn’t use it or why they other classes were using it and they weren’t.
This jealousy almost seemed to back fire on the quizzes. They acted as
though they were being punished; that alone lowered the overall moral in
the room, including the teacher’s.
Teachers Comments
Using new content in the classroom can increase the anxiety level for
any teacher that does not fully understand the equipment. Three out of the
four times I tried to use the CPS, at least 5 minutes of class time was wasted
trying to get the technology to work properly. Mrs. McCarty has trouble
every time. Technology issues experienced were anywhere from the battery
in the clickers failing halfway through the test, to not having the knowledge
to start the quiz properly. After using it several times now, I can say that
using the CPS is fairly simple to use and I am sure the errors will improve
with consistent use. The learning curve can be pretty frustrating when you
are expecting everything to run promptly and work smoothly while you are
using it in front of the class. The trick is to not give up when a problem
occurs. The teacher must also learn things if they plan on improving their
skills to better themselves as an instructor.
One of the hard mistakes I made during this experiment was telling the
students I was not going to including the first quiz score toward their grade.
I believe they definitely had fun with this. Some purposely picked the wrong
answers just to get a reaction from their peers when the result page
appeared. Yes, my first quiz was all fun and games. I quickly learned that I
CLASSROOM PERFORMANCE SYSTEMS 15
must make all quizzes count toward their grade or at least make them
believe their outcome can affect their grade.
________________________ __________________
I don’t believe that this test shows the whole story. Even though the
every student had an increase. In fact, Peggy McCarty’s 6th period class
only 50% of the students increased. Similar data is also shown in her 4th
CLASSROOM PERFORMANCE SYSTEMS 16
parents were contacted regarding the poor study habits of their student.
interested because they learn why their bodies are changing; they can relate
to the content. The Nervous System was also my favorite system to teach;
the excitement of the teacher can definitely affect the learning of the
students.
_____________________________ __________________________
According to the national study, the use of technology does not
improve student learning, so it was surprising to see that the classes, that
did use technology, improve as much as they did. Peggy McCarty and I
enjoyed the change of pace the CPS brought to our classroom. I would
venture to say, we probably enjoyed it more than our students; most of the
time. The data that can result by using a computer generated quiz or test
CLASSROOM PERFORMANCE SYSTEMS 17
and the time it saves on grading papers was DEFINITELY worth the time and
effort spent learning the program and generating quizzes.
If we, at Manning, are to prepare our students for their future, I believe
we should use more technology in all of the classrooms. I don’t mean more
teacher generated technology, like using a PowerPoint to present lectures;
although that is very handy. We could do so much more for our students if
we give them ample opportunity to do more on their own. It is a proven fact
that students retain very little from teacher directed lessons but will
remember personal discoveries for a long time. What would the world be
like if every lesson taught in school could be a personal discovery?
There are many different types of technology that can be used in
education today. Each technology can play a different role in the education
of students'; which can be so much more to a student other than an Internet
resource or a word-processing tool. If education is to keep up with this ever-
changing technology in the world of our student , we better encourage our
children to explore, to think, to research and to problem-solve using real-life
experiences by using the many tools, techniques, and applications of modern
day technology.
_____________________________ _____________________________
Marshall, James (2002). Learning with Technology. Retrieved March 30, 2009
from
http://www.medialit.org/reading_room/article545.html
_____________________________ ___________________________
CLASSROOM PERFORMANCE SYSTEMS 19
girls 13
boys 13
total 26
improved 11 7.4%
-
deceased 13 9.3%
nochange 1
removed 1
onlight
eyenne 35 70% 37 74% 72% 44 88% 38 63% 76% 3.7%
rin Philip 41 82% 39 78% 80% 36 72% 37 62% 67% -13.2%
hols Hannah 22 44% 30 60% 52% 22 44% 37 62% 53% 0.8%
odes Teddy 48 96% 48 96% 96% 44 88% 58 97% 92% -3.7%
hards Justin 42 84% 44 88% 86% 44 88% 52 87% 87% 1.3%
hmeizel
becca 39 78% 44 88% 83% 33 66% 50 83% 75% -8.3%
yder Tyler 27 54% 32 64% 59% 25 50% 35 58% 54% -4.8%
ley Madison 25 50% 32 64% 57% 28 56% 33 55% 56% -1.5%
kes Robert 48 96% 47 94% 95% 42 84% 57 95% 90% -5.5%
-
81.00 17.7
Caleb 42 84% 39 78% % 27 60% 40 67% 63% %
Jacoby 18 36% 25 50% 43.00 28 62% 41 68% 65% 22.3
% %
Donald 45 90% 44 88% 89.00 40 89% 58 97% 93% 3.8%
%
Yadira 12 24% 35 70% 47.00 19 42% 37 62% 52% 4.9%
%
Faye 35 70% 37 74% 72.00 39 87% 40 67% 77% 4.7%
%
Sophie 46 92% 48 96% 94.00 43 96% 53 88% 92% -2.1%
%
Janene 44 88% 44 88% 88.00 38 84% 52 87% 86% -2.4%
%
Amy 27 54% 45 90% 72.00 29 64% 53 88% 76% 4.4%
%
Joe 41 82% 36 72% 77.00 41 91% 52 87% 89% 11.9
% %
Oliva 44 88% 47 94% 91.00 42 93% 48 80% 87% -4.3%
%
Brittan 21 42% 20 40% 41.00 28 62% 27 45% 54% 12.6
y % %
Andre 27 54% 37 74% 64.00 29 64% 36 60% 62% -1.8%
w %
Cathrin 39 78% 42 84% 81.00 43 96% 44 73% 84% 3.4%
e %
Jason 33 66% 39 78% 72.00 34 76% 33 55% 65% -6.7%
%
Natalie 33 66% 36 72% 69.00 31 69% 35 58% 64% -5.4%
%
Eric 20 40% 25 50% 45.00 32 71% 17 28% 50% 4.7%
%
Kasau 24 48% 25 50% 49.00 15 33% 30 50% 42% -7.3%
ndra %
Neil 42 84% 36 72% 78.00 36 80% 53 88% 84% 6.2%
%
Mary- 74.00
Kathry %
n 36 72% 38 76% 34 76% 39 65% 70% -3.7%
Lauren 30 60% 39 78% 69.00 44 98% 49 82% 90% 20.7
% %
Evan 42 84% 39 78% 81.00 37 82% 43 72% 77% -4.1%
%
__________ ______
PROBLEM
CLASSROOM PERFORMANCE SYSTEMS 23
I have been a middle school teacher for over 11 years. Within the past
few years there has been a push to use more technology in our classroom.
However, they never back up the need for change with facts that help
why doesn’t the school system provide training and extra time to prepare
already overloaded. There already is not enough time in the day to do what
is expected. How much better will it be for the students if their teachers use
technology in the classroom? What are the facts that back up this push to
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
RESEARCH METHODS
in real dollars. We spend more money on education for K-12 than most other
OECD countries. SAT verbal scores show a decline from 530 in 1972 to 502
today and SAT math scores have been essentially flattened from 509 in 1972
to 515 today.
The 2006 SAT Reasoning Test was the first to have three sections: Critical Reading (formerly “Verbal”),
Mathematics, and Writing.
Femal
502 502 502
e
changes between 1999 and 2004. The average score for 17-year-olds in
2004 was similar to that in 1971. Results from the long-term trend NAEP of
13 between 1973 and 2004, but not for age 17. In 2004, the average score
at age 9 was 24, which was higher than any previous year—up 9 points from
1999 and 22 points from 1973. At age 13, the average score in 2004 was
higher than in any other assessment year. The 5-point increase between
1999 and 2004 resulted in an average score in 2004 that was 15 points
higher than the average score in 1973. However, the average score at age
17 was not measurably different from the average score in 1973 or 1999.
Even though national test scores have not increased with the use of
released on January 15 2009, this stimulus package will spend more than
double the current total federal education budget, bringing federal funding of
education to well over $200 billion. $1 billion of that will be for technology to
part of “keeping up with the Jones’ ”; Or in this case “keeping up with the
21st century”.
CLASSROOM PERFORMANCE SYSTEMS 27
to keep up with today’s trends not only for the technological competition but
also to enable today’s students to remain current with the rest of the digital
world.
Classrooms: 1994-2005" that in the fall of 2005 nearly 100 percent of public
schools in the United States had access to the Internet. In 2005, 97 percent
of public schools had high-speed broadband, with a ratio of 3.8 students per
Few Americans would question the role that computers could play in
test. Digital tests allow teachers to analyze data in a variety of ways with
No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) requires all states to demonstrate that
"every student is technologically literate by the time the student finishes the
CLASSROOM PERFORMANCE SYSTEMS 28
students need nor does it include a method for ensuring accountability (Kay
& Honey,).
Many different terms have been used to describe what students need,
reflects the need for students to develop learning skills that enable them to
solve, and the essential role that technology plays in realizing these learning
express themselves not only through paper and pencil, but also audio,
environments.
CLASSROOM PERFORMANCE SYSTEMS 29
crunch, compare, and choose among the data now available through
disciplines.
communities of practice.
12. Ensure Security and Safety: Students must know and use strategies to acknowledge,
Role of Technology
than trying to describe the impact of all technologies as if they were the
same, researchers need to think about what kind of technologies are being
used in the classroom and for what purposes. Two general distinctions can
CLASSROOM PERFORMANCE SYSTEMS 30
basic skills and knowledge. Students can also learn "with" a computer; As
tool that can be applied to a variety of goals in the learning process and can
Bruce and Levin (2001), for example, look at ways in which the tools,
spreadsheets
understand the recipe for success, which involves the learner, the teacher,
CONCLUSION
However, I believe we, as educators, should prepare our students for the
future. Prepare them for jobs that have not yet been invented, conquer
concepts not yet discovered, and uncover solutions to problems that are not
an issue.
students privately via chat or using wikis, or give a pop quizzes that literally
CLASSROOM PERFORMANCE SYSTEMS 32
button.
but embedded into the curriculum, the classroom and the core subjects..
REFERENCES
Marshall, James (2002). Learning with Technology. Retrieved March 30, 2009
from
http://www.medialit.org/reading_room/article545.html