International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET), ISSN 2278 0882

Volume 4, Issue 4, April 2015

White Coal as Renewable Energy Resources which is

Made from Agriculture Waste and Used in Thermal
Power Plant and Heat Processing Plant
Hemraj V. Tiple1, Vijay Bhan Dinkar2
1

PG Scholar, 2Assistant Professor,

Mechanical Engineering Department
1,2
Aisect University Institute of Science and Technology Raisen[M.P.]
1,2

ABSTRACT
The present paper focuses on production of white coal
which is used in thermal power plants and heat
processing plants as a alternative fuel. Analysis,
experimental values and comparative analysis has
contributed lions share in the above study of white coal.
With fast depletion of energy resource & reserves like
coal, petroleum and diesel etc. now requirement is to
develop alternate energy source and use it as a substitute
to conventional fuel to lessen the burden on conventional
energy source & cope up with the depleting fuel
reserves. The use of agro waste in the form of solid
white coal by adopting the piston cylinder ram pressing
technology will not only arrest the ever increasing
dimintion of conventional fuel like coal lignite, fire
wood & furriness oil etc., but also reduce cost of imports
and save foreign currency and be helpful to utilize huge
resources of forestry waste, agricultural waste and
industrial wastages, it is step further to make our country
pollution free. White coal is an alternative source of
energy, having similar properties of black bustard coal
or conventional coal, can be the replacement of
conventional black coal. It is less polluting & the raw
material easily available in nature. White coal is cheaper
in cost & raw material is sufficiently available in almost
all part of India for production.

Keywords: Alternative fuel, Black bustard coal, Drying

waste, Electricity, White coal

I. INTRODUCTION
The general aim of this study was to determine the white
coal production costs and energy consumption under
different framework condition in all over India. A metric
ton of agriculture waste is available in environment
which can use as renewable energy resources.
Agriculture waste or biomass is gathered and
compressed under large pressure white coal press/pellet
machine which convert it into bio fuel/white coal. If the
raw material size is small then it is directly fed into
white coal press machine by conveyor, if large then it
must be crushed first. This is simple process & eco

friendly. White coal replace the fossil fuels which is a

biomass/ white coal, white coal is totally made from
agriculture waste and it does not create any type of
pollution. The specific costs of white coal relatively less
as compared to other source of energy. The specific
electricity consumption per metric ton of white coal is
much lower in scenarios with higher production rate. It
has less ash content as compared to black bustard coal.
We can produce pellet (small white coal) for domestic
combustion purpose which is also form of white coal
having 6mm diameter & 25mm length made in white
coal machine. The requirement of coal in power plant in
metric ton so it is not possible to produce pellet to power
plant that is why made white coal from agriculture waste
in large quantity which has finished product, 90mm in
diameter and 150mm to 400mm length production in
white coal press machine. It is a coal substitute made
from agriculture and forest waste. This white coal can be
efficiently used to replace conventional black coal and
fire wood. The white coal fuel are converted from the
agro waste to solid cylindrical shape logs, by using very
high mechanical pressure machine, without help of any
chemical reaction and testing. With fast depletion of
energy resource & reserves like coal, petroleum and
diesel etc. now requirement is to develop another energy
resources and use it in process as a alternative fuel which
subsequently will convert into energy resources &
contributes to solve the energy problems now days, by
use of agro waste in the form of solid white coal by
adopting the cylinder piston simple mechanism
technology will not arrest the ever increasing dimination
of conventional fuel like coal lignite, fire wood and
furriness oil etc. There is no fly ash content when
burning white coal, it is cheaper than conventional black
coal, heavy furnace oil & fire wood etc. Combustion is
more uniform compared to coal and boiler response to
changes in steam generation is faster and more, due to
higher quantity of volatile matter in white coal. White
coal having a higher practical thermal value and much
less ash content (2-8% as compared to 20-40% in coal).
White coal have better quality compare to other source
of fuel, have high burning efficiency, if it has fine small

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International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET), ISSN 2278 0882
Volume 4, Issue 4, April 2015

size raw material for complete combustion. Generally

Oil & Coal contains high sulphur which pollutes the
environment but White Coal is a very much in demand
as an alternative fuel because it is pollution free, easy to
burn - lower ignition temperature compared to black
coal. It is free from pollution to the environment and no
toxic gas and sulphur emission and even no odour.
White Coal is used as a substitute for other fuels like
conventional black coal, petroleum, diesel & wood logs.
This is very advantageous over the other sources of fuel
because of many reasons. White coal is economic and
less costly, it leaves low ash & easily transportable. It is
more inflammable because of white coal contains high
density and higher fix carbon value. Growing crisis and
the price of the fossil fuels have made it can essential
one.

machineries at one running plant. The operating power

load is 70-90HP no need to supply extra power. Finished
product from the taper die, split die and collette, of
desired size and shape can be obtained. Raw material
need to undergo primary crushing followed by a
secondary finished product.

Fig.2: Finished product White coal

1.1 Materials and Method

1] Collection of agriculture waste
2] Drying of waste (Treating waste) in sunlight
3] Made in white coal machine
4] Store in dry condition
Raw material from conveyor, worm and gear will be
delivered to the white coal press machine. It is
transferred to the cuppy motor and then it is pressed at
high load in feeder box by cylinder and piston simple
mechanism. The compression increases the temperature
of raw material which get in result make it softening and
lignin on surface and material get bind together.
Required raw material in fine particle we can feed raw
material in to conveyor up to 25mm size, their is no need
to grinding which help to decrease labor cost and save
power.

Fig.1: White coal press machine

Easy operating system, The production rate is 600kg1500kg/Hr, Jumbo90 production rate is more as compare
to other types of machine, it have 1200-1500kg/Hr
production rate, and production cost is approx
700rs./MT which is also less than other one, Two skill
and 8 unskilled labors required to all types of

II. LITERATURE REVIEW

II.1 The White coal technology process- White coal
Energys technology upgrades sub-bituminous coals
through a relatively simple thermal drying process
followed by physical and chemical stabilization testing
through a novel binderless process. White coal energys
technology is cost efficient and economical
operationally. Low ash content and high volatile content
enables superior performance as compared to low
quality, high moisture black coal & hence commercial
exploitation of white coal must be done on large scale.
White coal energy upgrading process provides coal fired
power stations & other industrial applications with an
opportunity to burn a cleaner, free from pollution no
sulfur and more efficient fuel. White coal is totally made
from agricultural waste and use as a alternative fuel.
II.2 Research on Physical properties Temperature,
pressure, size of particle & moisture content - Drying of
raw material process can be done in atmospheric
condition to reduce moisture content. Size of particle is
most important factor for production of good quality of
white coal. If particle size is more and have moisture
content then it can affect the white coal machine and
also reduce production rate. It is observed that if white
coal has less moisture content & small in size it binds
very well & results in long combustion period.
Jing Zhang [1] Studied the influence of temperature,
pressure, size of particle and moisture content on the
physical properties (durability, density, impact resistance
& compressive strength) of korshinskii kom briquette
press machine. A piston cylinder simple pressing
mechanism process was used to densify the material into
white coal. The relationship between the factor setting
and the outcome from physical properties was examined
by multi variation statistical analysis. Size of particle

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International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET), ISSN 2278 0882
Volume 4, Issue 4, April 2015

was the most important factor influencing white coals

physical properties, followed by temperature and
moisture content. Good quality white coal could be
produced in the reduce size of particle, high temperature
condition & low moisture content. Pressure was
marginal important. C. korshinskii kom can be used
agricultural waste as a raw material in producing
ecological white coal or solid fuel.
Mechanical & gaseous properties of White coal- Nobert
skocrybs. [2] Scientific research often require
application of samples with repeatable properties. This
demands are difficult to fulfill especially in case of
experimental concerning coals. Therefore a necessity
occurs to use a alternative fuel which stands for coal and
is characterized with properties similar to coal. The
Author suggest in required situations the use of white
coal or briquettes as a research material. Structural
properties of white coal are much superior to
conventional black coal& hence it can be used as a
substitute in many applications. He have conducted
studies of mechanical and gaseous properties of white
coal (briquettes). The experimental part of the present
studies included the preparation of white coal of various
porosity(from 13%- 32%) and determination of their
mechanical parameters- uniaxial compressive strength
and determine of their gaseous parameters: desorption
intensity and adsorption capacity.
The properties of white coal were analyzed and
referenced to the properties of normal coal and
alternative fuel white coal. Mechanical and gaseous
properties specific for black bustard coals are hazardous
& prone to outbursts which is not the case for white
coal. The threshold values (F= 0.3) introduced for polish
outburst prevention, corresponding to 18.4% porosity of
white coal. The relation between 2 min desorption
intensity and the methane saturation pressure for
different coal sample shows that if the grain constituting
the grain fraction has larger amount of methane desorbed
has smaller experimental time ineterval. During
desorption test methane was not found. It was found that
mechanical and gaseous properties of white coal
predispose them to conduct representative outburst
research. He propose the coal material making for the
white coal process is a key point for future properties of
white coal.
Rukayya I. Muazu [3] He was identify biomass
densification process increase fuel energy density for
more efficient transport. It show blending different types
of biomass improves the properties of densified white
coal. Making briquette or white coal used blending
technology.

III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

It has major advantagesAdvantages over economic feasibility and profitability

1] Farmer earn money by selling agriculture waste
2] Early payback period
3] Growth potential is excellent
4] High profitability
5] High employment potentiality
6] Product easily market
7] Save foreign currency
Other Advantages1] Reduce CO2
2] Free from pollution
3] High energy content
4] Reduce coal dust level
5] Low transportation cost
6] Broad geographical application
7] Simple mechanism
Table.1: Comparison properties of white coal and black
bustard conventional coalContent White
coal Conventional black
(Green energy) Coal
Calorifi 4000 4500 K 3300

3800K
c values Cal./Kg
Cal./Kg
Sulfur
White coal free Excess sulfur content
from
sulfur present
content
Pollutio Pollution free
Pollute
to
n
environment
Fly ash 2-9%
ash Approx- 35% ash
content
content present content present
Availabi White coal is In future it would not
lity
future
fuel, be available
available
in
plenty
Fuel use Economic and Costly as compare to
in
less cost
white coal
boiler(b
etter
heat
result/
less
cost)
Storage Easy to store
Storage problem
Loading Very easy in Loading/
/unloadi loading
and transportation
ng
unloading
problem
Environ No effect on Pollutes/
observes
ment
health
oxygen injurious to
health
Farmer
Making rich to Damaging agriculture
econom peasant/ local
y
employment

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International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET), ISSN 2278 0882
Volume 4, Issue 4, April 2015

III.1 Measurement parameters1] Measurement of calorific value

2] Measurement of exhaust emission
3] Measurement of ash content
4] Flame propagation
5] Measurement of sulfur content
From the above discussion we come to know that white
coal is eco friendly, less pollutant with less sulphur
content, no effect on health. So there is no
environmental pollution issue. White coal plant being
eco friendly, environmental clearance from government
presents no issue. White coals calorific value is more
than black bustard conventional coal. There is no
problem for loading and unloading & transporting. Raw
material is abanduntly available in the form of
agricultural waste and residue can be easily procured. It
is cheaper than conventional coal. Performance of white
coal is better than black coal in many aspects like better
combustion characteristic, less ash content, high volatile
matter & less sulphur content.

IV. CONCLUSION
The present work over this project is the production of
white energy coal from agriculture waste eg. cotton hulls
& straws, Groundnut shell, castor seed, forest leaves,
wood chips & shavings, rice husk & paddy straw,
sugarcane bagasse, mustard waste, coffee husk,
sunflower waste & bajra cobs, as a alternative fuel.
Comparison white coal with conventional coal as well as
testing the all parameters and characteristic that found
white coal is more efficient than the other types of fuels,
it is environmental friendly fuel also. Combustion is the
more uniform compared to coal and boiler response to
changes in steam generation is faster, due to higher
quantity of volatile matter in white coal. Increased power
output & improved heat rate, Enables increases life
expectancy of assets, Enables higher capacity utilization
and increased boiler efficiency. White coal energy
upgrading process provides coal fired power stations &
other industrial applications with an opportunity to burn
a cleaner, free from pollution no sulphur hazard and
more efficient fuel. White coal is totally made from
agricultural waste and use as a alternative fuel. Observed
the calorific value of white coal is more and less ash
content 2-10% with less sulphur content. It Reduce the
CO2 emission so no effect on health.
White Coal use Preferred Industry (which may use in)
Thermal Power Plant, Refractory industries, Milk plant,
Chemical industries, Ceramics industries, Rubber
industries & Cement industries etc.

It is my esteemed pleasure to present the paper on White

coal as renewable energy resources which is made from
agriculture waste and used in Thermal power plant and
Heat processing plant. I express my deep gratitude to my
co author Prof. Mr. Vijay Bhan Dinkar who gave me the
inspiration to pursue the paper and guided me in this
endeavor. He has been a constant source of motivation
and encouragement for us and we conclude complete
era. I thank him for all the initiative and zeal he filled us
with throughout.

REFERENCES
Journal papers:
[1] Jing Zhang Yuming Guo, Powder Technology,
Physical properties of solid fuel briquettes made from
caragana korshinskii kom, Volume 256, April14 pp.
293-299.
[2] Nobert Skocrybs, Barbara butka, Mechanical and
gaseous properties of coal briquettes in term of outburst
risk volume 134, Oct14. pp.- 45-52.
[3] Rukayya I. Muaza, Julia A. Stegemann, Department
of civil, environment and geomatic engg. University
college London, Effect of operating variable on
durability of fuel briquettes from rice husk and corn
cobs, Volume 133, May2015, pp.137-145.
[4] George K. Ngusale, Yonghao Luo, Renewable And
sustainable Energy, A review Volume 40, Dec 14. pp.
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[5] W.Corscadden, Jaclyn Biggs, Allan Thomson,
Renewable and sustainable energy Review, An
integrated on farm production system: Agricultural
briquettes for residential heating in Nova Scotia,
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[6] M.G.Montiano, A.M. Fernandez, E. Diaz. Faes,
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briquettes. Volume 154 August15 pp.261-267.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

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