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ABSTRACT
Computational fluid dynamics is a widely used tool in
optimizing natural gas burners, for instance, emission
issues. In this study we are able to find out the
percentage of NOX is our main interest which will help
to reduce the formation of smog and acidic rain and
many other harmful effects. However with
computational efforts calculating three-dimensional
turbulent flames, there is necessity of simplified models
in order to simulate the combustion reactions and the
NOx formation. Hitherto, models describing thermal NO
and prompt formation of NO, respectively, were applied
in a post-processing step. It is found that fast chemistry
approaches are unable to predict the temperature field.
Whereas spectral model plays a fundamental role for the
correct analysis of such scale devices. The paper
describe the process of combustion of natural gas and
detect the NOX formation like mass fraction of NO, NO2
and N2O.
Keywords - CFD, FVM, LES,
COMBUSTION, NATURAL GAS etc.
RSM,
NOX,
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Computational fluid dynamics, generally
abbreviated as CFD, It is a branch of fluid mechanics
which uses numerical methods and algorithms to solve
and analyze problems that includes fluid flows.
Computer simulations are used to perform the
calculations required for interaction of liquids and gases
with surfaces defined by boundary conditions.
1.2 The finite volume method (FVM) is a common
approach used in CFD codes, as it has an advantage in
memory usage and solution speed, especially for large
problems, high Reynolds number turbulent flows, and
source term dominated flows (like combustion).
1.3 Turbulence models can be classified based on
computational cost, that corresponds to the range of
scales that are modeled versus, resolved (the more
turbulent scales that are resolved, finer the resolution of
the simulation, the higher the computational cost). If
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International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET), ISSN 2278 0882
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2.1 Combustion
Combustion is the sequence of exothermic chemical
reactions between a fuel and an oxidant accompanied by
the production of heat and conversion of chemical
species. The heat release can produce light in the form of
either glowing or a flame.
In a complete combustion reaction process, an oxidizing
element reacts with a compound, such as fluorine or
oxygen, and the products are compounds of each
element in the fuel with the oxidizing element. example:
CH4(g) + 2O2(g) CO2(g) 2H2O(g)
The standard enthalpy of reaction for methane
combustion at 298.15 K and 1 atm is 802 kJ/mol.[2] A
simple example can be seen in the combustion of
hydrogen and oxygen, this reaction commonly used to
fuel rocket engines:
2H2(g) + O2(g) 2H2O(g)
The result is water vapor, with a standard enthalpy of
reaction at 298.15 K and 1 atm of 242 kJ/mol. A
Complete combustion is impossible to attain. As actual
combustion reactions come to equilibrium condition, a
wide variety of minor and major species will be present,
such as hydrogen carbon monoxide, and even carbon
(ash or soot). Additionally, any combustion at high
temperatures in atmospheric air, which contains 78
percent nitrogen, will creates small amounts of several
nitrogen oxides, commonly referred to NOx.
Combustion does need not always involve oxygen; e.g.,
hydrogen burns with chlorine to form hydrogen chloride
with the liberation of heat and light characteristic of
combustion.
2.2 COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a computerbased simulation method for analyzing fluid flow, heat
transfer, and related phenomena such as chemical
reactions. This project uses CFD for analysis of flow
and heat transfer. Some examples of application areas
are: aerodynamic lift and drag (i.e. airplanes or windmill
wings), power plant combustion, chemical processes,
heating/ventilation, and even biomedical engineering
(simulating blood flow through arteries and veins). CFD
analyses is carried out in the various industries are used
in R&D and manufacture of aircraft, combustion
engines, as well as many other industrial products.
2.3 NOX
Nitrogen oxides mainly NO and NO2 is the generic
term for a group of highly reactive gases which contain
nitrogen and oxygen in various amounts and chemical
configuration. Most of the nitrogen oxides are colorless
and odorless. NO2 along with other particles in the air
can often we see as a reddish brown layer of smog over
many cities and in heavily populated areas.
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International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET), ISSN 2278 0882
Volume 4, Issue 7, July 2015
the
5. OBJECTIVE OF STUDY
6. METHOD
4. PROBLEM DESCRIPTION
This problem was modeled after the experiments carried
out at the Burner Engineering Research Laboratory
(BERL) as part of a large project (Scaling 400 study) for
combustors ranging in size from 30 KW to 12 MW. The
flow under study is a natural gas flame in a 300 KW
swirl-stabilized burner with a vertically fired furnace. It
has an octagonal cross-section with a conical furnace
hood and a cylindrical exhaust duct. The furnace walls
are refractory-lined or water-cooled. we will provide a
solution for a combustion problem and will apply
detailed chemistry over it. Outcome of this investigation
Fig:- 7.1
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International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET), ISSN 2278 0882
Volume 4, Issue 7, July 2015
Mass fraction of NO
Fig:- 7.2
Fig:- 7.4
Fig:- 7.5
Fig:- 7.3
8. CONCLUSION
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International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET), ISSN 2278 0882
Volume 4, Issue 7, July 2015
9. FUTURE SCOPE
With the help of this study we can reduce the NOX
percentage by different method. We can calculate
true NOX ( NO and NO2 ).
Different methods of NOX reduction are
1. Catalytic convertor
2. Flue gases recirculation
3. Reducing O2 level
4. Low NOX burners
5. Water or steam injection method
6. SCR method ( selective catalytic convertor )
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