HERBAL ASSIGNMENT

BROTOWALI
Anna Wibowo

11.70.0027

Phoa Adelina C

14.I1.0105

Mayliana Andriani

12.70.0045

Verlencia A. K.

14.I1.0114

Marcellina Citraswara

14.I1.0001

Jessica Astelia

14.I1.0130

William Kristiandi

14.I1.0094

Introduction
Brotowali or in Latin name, it called Tinospora crispa (L) Miers, is wild plants in forests,
fields or planted near the fence. Commonly grown as a medicinal plant. It spreads wide
enough in Indochina, Malay Peninsula, Philippine, and Indonesia. It has a lot of name like
andawali (Sunda), antawali (Bali and Nusa Tenggara), and brotowali, antawali, putrowali,
or daun gedel (Java). In English, brotowali usually called bitter grape and in Chinese, it
called shen jin teng (Kresnady & Tim Lentera, 2003). Brotowali grows wild and likes
tropical climate. Its stem is as big as pinkie, close spotted, and bitter. Brotowali is including
the class of shrubs, plant height up to 2.5m. It has single and heart-like leaves, 7-12 cm
length and 5-10 cm wide. Brotowali can be multiplied by cutting/ stek (Malik, 2015).
Classification
The scientific classification of brotowali can be seen below.
Kingdom

: Plantae

Division

: Spermatophyta

Sub Division: Angiospermae

Class

: Dicotyledonea

Orde

: Ranunculales

Family

: Menispermaceae

Genus

: Tinospora

Species

: (Tinospora crispa, L)

(Kresnady & Tim Lentera, 2003)

Bioactive Compound
Generally in the Tinospora crispa contained various bioactive compounds, such as
alkaloids, soft resin, starch, pikroretosid, bitter substances pikroretin, tinokrisposid,
berberine, palmatin, kolumbin and kaokulin (Noor H. dan Ashcroft S.J., 1998). But there
has been little research on the efficacy of each of the active compounds contained in plant
brotowali (Tinospora crispa). Tinospora crispa has been widely used for treatment. Crude
extract of Tinospora crispa can be used as an anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, antimalarial, and analgesics.
Health Benefit
Malaria is a disease infectious problem public health, both in the world and in Indonesia.
Malaria is a disease caused by parasites of the genus Plasmodium and transmitted to
humans through the bite Anopheles mosquitoes. Various attempts have been made to
combat malaria parasite but the prevalence remains high. This is because the resistance to
insecticides and the plasmodium resistance to drugs anti malaria, especially Chloroquine.
Therefore, an effective anti-malarial drugs are needed. In this case, a medicinal plant is a
potential target for research and development of alternative antimalarial drugs. Over the
past decade, several studies have been conducted to develop antimalarial drugs from
various plants, one of which is the study of plant brotowali (Tinospora crispa) (Suryawati,
2007).

Based on research conducted by Suryawati (2007) that extract brotowali (Tinospora crispa)
can reduce the amount of plasmodium in the blood of mice that infected by Plasmodium
berghei. Antiplasmodial effects brotowali extract (Tinospora crispa) depending on the
concentration of a given magnitude. The greater the concentration of the extract brotowali
(Tinospora crispa) given the stronger to lower the amount of blood plasmodium
Plasmodium berghei infected mice.
One of the clinical symptoms that occur in malaria is anemia. Anemia caused by hemolysis
repeated on infected erythrocytes. Tinospora crispa able to reduce anemia to prevent

erythrocyte hemolysis by non-immune mechanisms. Tinospora crispa bark extract can

suppress the development of Plasmodium berghei in mice blood so it does not happen
sporulation. This is supported by the previous studies that have been able to prove that
compounds found in the trunk tinokrisposid Tinospora crispa able to suppress the
development of Plasmodium berghei in mice and prolong the life blood of infected mice
Side Effects
About the functions of other active compounds inside brotowali havent been researched
more detail. So, there must be next research the toxicity level of each active compound and
the side effects inside brotowali (Malik, 2015).

REFERENCES
Kresnandy, Budi & Tim Lentera. (2003). Khasiat & Manfaat Brotowali Si Pahit yang
Menyembuhkan. Tangerang. Agromedia Pustaka.
Malik, Muhammad Mahardhika. (2015). The Potential of Brotowali Stem Extract
(Tinospora Crispa) as An Alternative Antimalarial Drug. Journal Majority Vol. 4 No. 5.
Accessed on 20 September 2015.
Noor, H., Ashcroft S.J., (1998), Pharmacological Characterisation of the
Antihyperglycaemic properties of Tinospora crispa extract. J Ethnopharmacol.
,Aug;62(1):7-13.
Suryawati S, Suprapti H. (2007). Efek Anti Malaria Ekstrak Brotowali (Tinospora Crispa)
Pada Mencit yang DiInfeksi Plasmodium Berghei.; 1(1):13-22