Kimed I, Contoh Soal 1, aza

Tolong dibuat print out, dikerjakan mulai soal No. 4, dan diserahkan sebelum
tanggal 28 November 2015
Structure and Function of the Genetic Material: Objectives
1. Define genetics.
2. Define:
Genotype
Phenotype
Gene
3. Describe the DNA molecule.
4. Define.
Antiparallel strands
Sense or coding strand
Antisense or non-coding strand
5. Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic chromosomes.

Structure and Function of the Genetic Material

Genetics is the study of what genes are, how they carry information, how their information is expressed, and how they are
replicated and passed to subsequent generations or other organisms.
DNA in cells exists as a double-stranded helix (see DNA Structure).
A gene is not just a segment of DNA, a gene is a specific sequence of nucleotides that codes for a functional product,
usually a protein.
When a gene is expressed (gene expression) the DNA is transcribed to produce a single-stranded mRNA molecule. The
mRNA is then translated into proteins.
Only one strand of the gene is transcribed - this is the sense, or coding strand. The opposite strand is the antisense, or noncoding strand.
The DNA in a cell is duplicated (DNA replication) before the cell divides so each daughter cell receives the same genetic
information.

Genotype and Phenotype

Genotype is the genetic composition of an organism - all of its DNA and the genes contained in the DNA.
Phenotype is the result of expression of the genes - the proteins of the cell and the properties they confer on the organism.

DNA and Chromosomes

The DNA in a chromosome exists as one long double helix associated with various proteins that regulate genetic activity.
Bacterial DNA is circular; the chromosome of E. coli, for example, contains about 4 million base pairs and is approximately
1000 times longer that the cell.

Genomics is the molecular characterization of genomes.

A genome is the total of an organism's DNA (and, of course, all of the genes contained in the DNA).
Information contained in an organism's genome is used within a cell when the DNA is transcribed into RNA and translated
into proteins.
This information is passed on to later generations when the DNA is replicated and the cell divides.
Information may be passed between cells of the same generation by recombination (more on this later).

1.

The physical characteristics of an organism make up the organisms:

a. Genotype
b. Phenotype

2.

An organism detoxifies H2O2. This statement describes the organisms:

a. Genotype
b. Phenotype

3.

An organism has a gene that codes for catalase. This statement describes the organisms:
a. Genotype
b. Phenotype

4.

What is a gene?
a. A messenger RNA molecule
b. A collection of codons
c. A segment of DNA with a specific nucleotide sequence
d. A segment of DNA that codes for a specific product

5.

Which of the following incorrectly describes a DNA molecule?

a. Helical
b. Antiparallel
c. Single stranded
d. Contains the nucleotides A, G, T, and C

6.

If strands of DNA are said to be antiparallel then they are:

a. Perpendicular
b. Complementary
c. Identical
d. Oriented in opposite directions

7.

The antisense strand of DNA is:

a. Identical to the sense strand
b. The strand that codes for a product
c. Complementary to the mRNA
d. Identical to the mRNA except for having T where the mRNA has U

8.

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic chromosomes are different in that:

a. Prokaryotic chromosomes are single stranded
b. Eukaryotic chromosomes lack introns
c. Prokaryotic chromosomes are circular
d. Prokaryotic chromosomes consist of chromosomal RNA (cRNA)

9.

The DNA strand in the diagram has two ends, labeled A and B. The end labeled A is the 5 end.
a. True
b. False