ENGLISH PAPER

(Makalah Bahasa Inggris)

Amelia Rahmawati
Sistia Ardya Garini

XI MIA 2 / XI Science 2
SMAN 9 TANGSEL

Report Text
Definition of Report :
Report is a text which presents information about something, as it is. It is as a result of systematic
observation and analysis.
Teks report adalah teks yang menyampaikan informasi tentang sesuatu [objek,
makhluk hidup, kejadian alam] secara apa adanya, sebagai hasil pengamatan yang
sistematis dan berdasarkan fakta.

Generic Structure of Report :

General classification: Stating classification of general aspect of thing; animal, public place,
plant, etc which will be discussed in general
2. Description: Describing the thing which will be discussed in detail; part per part , customs or
deed for living creature and usage for materials.
1.

Struktur teks report yaitu:

General statement: Pernyataan awal yang menyampaikan pada
pembaca mengenai topik teks secara umum
Description: Deskripsi secara umum dari topik teks
Pernyataan umum yang menerangkan subjek laporan, keterangan,
dan klasifikasinya.(General Clasification)
Deskripsi lanjutan dari General Classification (Description:tells
what the phenomenon under discussion ; in terms of parts,
qualities, habits or behaviors).
Language Feature of Report :

Introducing group or general aspect

Using conditional logical connection; when, so, etc
Using simple present tense

The Differences between Report Text and Descriptive Text :

Some text types are quite difficult to differ. Such report and descriptive text have the
similarity in the social function and generic structure. However if they are analyzed carefully, the
slight difference between the two text types will reveal.
The purpose of the two texts are to give the live-description of the object/participant. Both the report
and descriptive text try to show rather than tell the reader about the factual condition of the object.
Readers by themselves will catch the impressive point of the object through that showing
writing style. What make different, between report and descriptive text, is the scope of the written
object. If we talk about, eg: bicycle, it belongs to report text. It will talk about bicycle in general; its
parts, physical strength, function for certain people or other general characters of bike.
In the other hand, descriptive text will convey more focus, for example "my bicycle" with its
specific characters; color, length, wheel style, etc.
In short, report text describes the way of certain things and frequently refer to phenomenon of nature,
animal and scientific object. Mostly, report is written after getting careful observation. This
scientific and technical sense make clearer difference from descriptive text. The way of descriptive
text in showing thing is based on the objective fact of the thing. It describe the specific thing simply
as the thing is.

Ciri yang membedakan teks report dan teks descriptive adalah cara
penulisannya. Teks report hanya menjelaskan topik teks secara umum,
sedangkan teks descriptive menceritakan topik teks secara lebih
terperinci.

Example:
Tyrannosaurus rex, sometimes just called T-rex, is believed to be the largest
and most fearsome predator on Earth's land ever to have existed. This dinosaur
once roam the Earth in the Creataceous period approximately 68 to 65 million years
ago.
As a carnivorous dinosaur, this giant predator most likely ambushed their
prey, and devoured them with jaws full of white sharp teeth. With it's fast ability to
run at an astonishing speed of 32 mph (50 kmh), a perfect slim and stiff tail that
gave it an excellent balance and allowed it to make quick turns, equipped this
gigantic predator and made it even more deadly, like a killing machine.

Contoh soal

LIGHTNING
Lightning is a sudden, violent flash of electricity between a cloud and the ground, or
from cloud to cloud. A lightning flash, or bolt, can be several miles long. It is so hot, with an
average temperature of 34,000 Centigrade, that the air around it suddenly expands with a
loud blast. This is the thunder we hear.
Lightning occurs in hot, wet storms. Moist air is driven up to a great height. It forms a
type of cloud called cumulonimbus. When the cloud rises high enough, the moisture freezes
and ice crystals and snowfl akes are formed. These begin to fall, turning to rain on the way
down. This rain meets more moist air rising, and it is the friction between them which
produces static electricity. When a cloud is fully charged with this electricity, it discharges it
as a lightning flash.

Question.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

What is the text about?

What is the type of the text?
What is the main idea of paragraph 1 ?
What is the purpose of the text?
How much the mean of degree the Lightning ?
How the Lightning could be happens ?
"It is so hot, with an average temperature of 34,000 Centigrade, that the air
around it suddenly expands with a loud blast. " (paragraph 1)
What does the underlined word refer to?
8. What kind of generic structure will you find in the text ?
9. "Moist air is driven up to a great height. "(paragraph 2). What is the synonym of
the word " great"?
10. What forms a type of cloud ?

Answer :
1. Thunder and Lightning
2. Report Text
3. Main idea of paragraph 1 is Lightning is a sudden, violent flash of electricity between
a cloud and the ground, or from cloud to cloud.
4. To describe Thunder and Lightning.
5. Is so hot, with an average temperature of 34,000 Centigrade.
6. When the cloud rises high enough, the moisture freezes and ice crystals and snowfl
akes are formed. These begin to fall, turning to rain on the way down. This rain
meets more moist air rising, and it is the friction between them which produces static
electricity. When a cloud is fully charged with this electricity,it discharges it as a
lightning flash.
7. The a lightning.
8. Generic structure of Report Text is general classification identifications.
9. Synonym of the word " great" is big,huge,large,
10. Forms a type of cloud called cumulonimbus.

Passive voice
Definition Passive Voice
Ada 3 definisi tentang Passive Voice (Kalimat Pasif); adalah suatu grammatical
construction (bentuk gramatikal) dimana subject kalimat tidak melakukan aksi, melainkan menerima
aksi atau ditindaklanjuti (receiver of action) oleh agent lain (doer of action) baik disebutkan ataupun
tidak. Sebaliknya, pada konstruksi active,subject berhubungan langsung dengan verb dengan
bertindak sebagai pelaku aksi. Kalimat aktif dapat ditransformasi menjadi pasif, namun
hanya transitive verb (diikuti direct object) yang dapat diberlakukan demikian(1).
Adalah kalimat yang subject-nya dikenai suatu pekerjaan atau menderita suatu. Dengan kata
lain subject kalimat tersebut menjadi sasaran kegiatan yang dinyatakan oleh kata kerja. Dalam bahasa
indonesia ciri-ciri kalimat pasif adalah kata kerjanya yang berawalan dengan di- dan beberapa lagi
memiliki awalan ter- (tergantung pada konteks kalimat) (2).
Adalah bentuk kalimat dalam bahasa Ingris yang lebih menekankan terlaksananya kegiatan atau
peristiwa. Dalam pelajaran grammar and structure passive voice dibentuk dengan cara memindah
posisi SUBJECT menempati OBJECT dan begitu sebaliknya. Namun pengertian semantiknya,
OBJECT yang awalnya adalah SUBJECT tetaplah pihak yang melaksanakan atau melakukan kegiatan
tersebut (3).
Active Voice (Kalimat Aktif) adalah kalimat yang subject-nya berbuat sesuatau atau melakukan suatu
pekerjaan. Dalam bahasa indonesia ciri-ciri kalimat aktif adalah kata kerjanya selalu
berawalan me- dan beberapa lagi memiliki awalan ber-.
Bentuk dari Passive Voice (kalimat pasif) adalah : TO BE / BE + VERB 3
Dalam bentuk kalimat pasif, biasanya diikuti dengan frase by.

Contoh Passive Voice (Kalimat Passive)

ACTIVE:
PASSIVE:

Jane helps Tina. (Artinya: Jane menolong Tina)

Tina is helped by Jane. (Artinya: Tina ditolong oleh Jane)

Pada kalimat pasif, Object dari kalimat aktif (Tina) berubah menjadi Subject.

Merubah Active Voice (Kalimat Aktif) ke dalam bentuk Passive Voice (Kalimat
Pasif) :
Tenses
Simple Present
Present Progressive

Jane helps Tina.

Jane is helping Tina.

Present Perfect

Jane has helped Tina.

Simple Past
Past Progressive

Jane helped Tina.

Jane was helping Tina.

Past Perfect

Jane had helped Tina.

Simple Future
To Be Going To

Jane will help Tina.

Jane is going to help
Tina.
Jane will have
helped Tina.

Future Perfect

ACTIVE

PASSIVE

Tina is helped by Jane.

Tina is being helped by
Jane.
Tina has been helped by
Jane.
Tina was helped by Jane.
Tina was being helped by
Jane.
Tina had been helped by
Jane.
Tina will be helped by Jane.
Tina is going to be
helped by Jane.
Tina will have been
helped by Jane.

(Bentuk Progressive/ Continuous dari Present Perfect, Past Perfect, Future, dan Future Perfect
sangat jarang digunakan dalam bentuk kalimat pasif)

No

Tenses

Present Simple Tense

Present Continuous
Tense

Present Perfect Tense

Present Perfect
Continuous Tense

Past Simple Tense

Past Continuous
Tense

Past Perfect Tense

Past Perfect
Continuous Tense

Active Voice

Passive Voice

S + V1 + O

S + to be (am, are, is) + V3

+ by + O

Many people speak English

English is spoken by many

people

S + to be (am, are, is) +

V1-ing + O

S + to be (am, are, is) +

being + V3 + by + O

Many people are speaking

English

English is being spoken by

many people

S + to be (am, are, is) +

being + V3 + by + O

S + have/has + been + V3
+ by + O

Many people have spoken

English

English has been spoken by

many people

S + have/has + been +
V1-ing + O

S + have/has + been +
being + V3 + by + O

Many people have been

speaking English

English has been being

spoken by many people

S + V2 + O

S + to be (was, were) + V3
+ by + O

Many people spoke English

English was spoken by

many people

S + to be (was, were) +
V1-ing + O

S + to be (was, were) +
being + V3 + by + O

Many people were

speaking English

English was being spoken

by many people

S + had not + V3 + O

S + had + been + V3 + by
+O

Many people had spoken

English

English had been spoken by

many people

S + had + been + V1-ing

+O

S + had + been + being +

V3 + by + O

Many people had been

speaking English

English had been being

spoken by many people

Object Tak Langsung Sebagai Subject Pasif:

Contoh:
ACTIVE:
PASSIVE:
ACTIVE:
PASSIVE:

Someone gave Mrs. Grim an award.

Mrs. Grim was given an award by someone.
Someone gave an award to Mrs. Grim.
An award was given to Mrs. Grim.

Example :
1. You can buy cameras like this anywhere
Cameras like this can be bought by you anywhere
2. He has sold his car to pay son's debts
His car been sold by him to his son's debts
3. They owed a lot of money to the bank
A lot of money was owed by them to the bank
4. People have proved that there is no life on the moon
There is no life on the moon has been prove by people
5. They informed me about the accident
I was informed by them about the accident
6. The man will take you home this afternoon
You will be taken by the man this afternoon
7. They will despatch our order next month
Our order will be despatched by them
8. They are building a new hospital near the shopping center
A new hospital is being built by them near the shopping center
9. The manager always welcomes the new emplyees
The new emplyees are always welcomed by the manager
10. Somebody was cleaning the house when I was there
The house was being cleaned by somebody when I was there

PROCEDURE TEXT
Ada tiga definisi "umum" mengenai procedure text : (1)Texts that explain how something works or
how to use instruction / operation manuals e.g. how to use the video, the computer, the tape recorder,
the photocopier, the fax. (2) Texts that instruct how to do a particular activity e.g. recipes, rules for
games, science experiments, road safety rules. (3) Texts that deal with human behaviour eg how to
live happily, how to succeed.
Dari keterangan di atas, dapat kita garis bawahi bahwa procedure text adalah (1) Teks yang
menjelaskan bagaimana sesuatu bekerja atau teks yang menjelaskan cara menggunakan pedoman
instruksi / penggunaan. contoh : cara menggunakan video, komputer, mesin fotokopi, fax dll. (2) Teks
yang menunjukan cara melakukan aktifitas tertentu. contoh : resep, aturan bermain game, eksperimen
ilmiah, aturan keamanan berkendara. (3) Teks yang berhubungan dengan tingkah laku manusia.
contoh : cara hidup bahagian, cara sukses. dll..
The purpose procedural text is to tell the reader how to do or
make something. The information is presented in a logical
sequence of events which is broken up into small sequenced
steps. These texts are usually written in the present tense. The
most common example of a procedural text is a recipe.

Tujuan procedure text adalah memberitahu pembaca cara melakukan / membuat sesuatu. Informasi
disajikan dengan urutan peristiwa yang logis. Peristiwa tersebut biasanya dibagi menjadi beberapa
langkah-langkah terpisah. Teks ini biasanya ditulis menggunakan present tense. Contoh paling umum
procedure text adalah resep masakan.

GENERIC STRUCTURE OF PROCEDURE TEXT

Seperti halnya pengertian procedure text di atas, generic structure (susunan umum) procedure text
juga ada tiga :
(1) Goal (Maksud atau tujuan)
(2) Material Needed (Materi / alat / bahan yang dibutuhkan)
(3) Methods or Steps (Metode / langkah-langkah)
Catatan : Pada procedure text yang berupa How-to ("Pokoknya berjudul how to"), kadang material
needed (materi yang dibutuhkan) tidak disertakan. (Aturan tidak wajib dan bisa diubah)

Contoh Soal
Read the following text and answer the questions 1-5

Ingredients

4 red potatoes
1 tablespoon olive oil
1 onion, chopped
1 green bell pepper, seeded and chopped
2 tablespoons olive oil
1 teaspoon salt
3/4 teaspoon paprika
1/4 teaspoon ground black pepper
1/4 cup chopped fresh parsley\

Equipment
o
o
o

Large skillet
Plate
Pot

Steps
1. Bring a large pot of salted water to a boil. Add potatoes and cook until tender but still firm,
about 15 minutes.
2. Drain the potatoes and cut them into 1/2 inch cubes when they are already cool.
3. In a large skillet, heat 1 tablespoon olive oil over medium high heat. Add onion and green
pepper. Cook about 5 minutes stirring often, until soft. Transfer to a plate and set aside.
4. Pour remaining 2 tablespoons of oil into the skillet and turn heat to medium-high.
5. Add potato cubes, salt, paprika and black pepper. Cook, stirring occasionally, until
potatoes are browned about 10 minutes.
6. Stir in the onions, green peppers and parsley and cook for another minute. Serve hot.
PREP TIME: 20 Min
COOK TIME: 25 Min
1. What does the text tells about ?

A.
B.
C.
D.

the potatoes and their use

how to make fried potatoes
boiling potatoes in good ways
someones experience in cooking

2.
A.
B.
C.
D.

Which statement is NOT TRUE according to the text ?

It takes 25 minutes to cook the food well.
You need 3 kinds of equipment to cook the meal.
the food should be served hot
The potatoes must be cut after they are getting cool.

3.
A.
B.
C.
D.

How long do we need to try the recipe until it is ready to be served ?

45 minutes
40 minutes
25 minutes
20 minutes

4. Transfer to a plate and set aside.

The word transfer in the sentence nearly means
A. bring
B. move
C. drain
D. take
5. Drain the potatoes and cut when they are already cool.
The word "they" refers to ....
A. The potatoes.
B. The cubes.
C. The utensils.
D. The ingredients.