Verbos modais

Todos os verbos auxiliares excepto o be, do e have so denominados de modais.. Ao

contrrios dos outros verbos auxiliares, os verbos modais s existem numa forma. No
podem surgir sozinhas numa frase, agindo como um verbo qualquer. Esto sempre
associados a outro verbo.
The modal verbs are:
CAN / COULD / MAY / MIGHT / MUST / SHALL / SHOULD / OUGHT TO / WILL / WOULD

Modal
Can

Example
They can control their own budgets.

Capacidade/Possibilidade

We cant fix it.

Incapacidade/Impossibilidade

Can I smoke here?

Pedir por permisso

Can you help me?

Could Could I borrow your dictionary?

May

Fazer um pedido
Pedir permisso

Could you say it again more slowly?

Fazer um pedido

We could try to fix it ourselves.

Sugerir

I think we could have another Gulf War.

Possibilidade futura

He gave up his old job so he could work for us. Uma capacidade do passado
May I have another cup of coffee?
Pedir permisso

China may become a major economic power.

Might We'd better phone tomorrow, they might be

Must

Uses

Possibilidade futura
Possibilidade presente

eating their dinner now.

Possibilidade futura

They might give us a 10% discount.

We must say good-bye now.

Necessidade / Obrigao

They mustnt disrupt the work more than

Proibio

necessary.
Ought to We ought to employ a professional writer.

Dizer o que est

Shall

Shall I help you with your luggage?

correcto/certo
Oferecer

(UK)

Shall we say 2.30 then?

Sugesto

Shall I do that or will you?

Perguntar o que fazer

Should We should sort out this problem at once.

Dizer o que est

Will

I think we should check everything again.

correcto/certo Recomendar

Profits should increase next year.

aco

I cant see any taxis so Ill walk.

Predio de incerteza
Decises instantneas

I'll do that for you if you like.

Ofertas

Ill get back to you first thing on Monday.

Promessas

Profits will increase next year.

Predico certa
Would Would you mind if I brought a colleague with Pedir permisso
me?
Would you pass the salt please?

Fazer Pedido

Would you mind waiting a moment?

Fazer pedido

"Would three o`clock suit you?" - "Thatd be

Combinar algo

fine."
Would you like to play golf this Friday?

Convidar

"Would you prefer tea or coffee?" - "Id like tea Preferncias

please."

Determinantes/ Determiners
So usados para identificar coisas. So colocados antes do nome para identificar algo
especfico.
So diferentes dos pronomes.
Os Pronomes pessoais ( I , you , he , etc.) e pronomes possessivos (mine, yours, his, etc.)
no so determinantes.
Os artigos definidos and indefinidos a/an/the so determinantes.
Usa-se um determinante especfico quando sabemos exactamente que coisa ou pessoa
nos queremos referir. Especificando a sua forma singular ou plural.
Determiners:

the articles : a / an / the

demonstratives : this / that / these / those
possessives (aka possessive adjectives): my / your /his / her / its / our / your /
their
For example:
"The dog barked at the boy." (o co ladrou para o rapaz)
"These apples are rotten." (Estas mas esto podres)
"Their bus was late." (O autocarro deles est atrasado.)
"Have you seen my keys?" (Viste as minhas chaves?)
Usa-se os determinantes para falar de quantidades de coisas ou pessoas especficas.
This (este) singular

these (estes) plural

Determinantes como quantificadores:

a few (alguns)
a little (um pouco)
all (tudo/todos)
another (outro)
any (algum/alguns)

few (poucos/alguns)
fewer (menos)
both (ambos)
neither (nenhum)
less (menos)
each (cada)
no (no)
little (pouco)
either (qualquer)
other (outro)
many (tanto)
enough (chega)
several (vrios)
more (mais)
every (todos)
some (algum)
most (maioria)
much (muito)

For example:
"Have you got any English book I could borrow?" (Tens algum livro de Ingls que eu
possa levar emprestado?)

"There is enough food to feed everyone." (H comida que chegue para todos.)
"I don't play outside every day." (Eu no brinco l fora todos os dias.)
Did it hurt much? (Magou muito?)
Few friends but good friends (Poucos amigos, mas bons amigos.)
Both got suspended. (Ambos foram suspensos.)
Most of the students got good grades. (A maioria dos estudantes tirou boas notas.)
I dont understand much, but I can learn (Eu no ercebo muito, mas posso aprender)
Os nmeros podem servir de determinantes tambm. Eles mostram quantas pessoas ou
coisas podem haver.
For example:
"I teach for 3 days a week." (Eu ensino trs vezes por semana.)
He missed the highway exit 4 times in a row (Ele falhou a sada da auto-estrada quatro
vezes seguidas.)

Either and Neither

Either e neither so usados nas frases quando se refere possibilidade de escolha
entre dois itens.
Either pode significar um ou outro (de dois) ou os dois.
For example:
1) I've got tea and coffee, so you can have either. (One or the other) (Eu tenho ch e caf,
podes escolher qualquer um)
2) The room has a door at either end. (Both) (O quarto tem uma porta em cada lado.)

Neither significa nem o primeiro, nem o segundo./ Nem um nem o outro.

For example:1) Neither of the students were listening. (Nenhum dos alunos estava a ouvir.)