Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Availability heuristic
Representativeness
Unwarranted causation
Belief perseverance
Illusory correlation
Just world
Most of us believe that the world is a fair place: People get out of life what
they deserve and deserve what happens to them. For examples, people
believe that good people are likely more lucky and comfortable on their life
that bad people. It depends on your impression on the world. In addition, if
we believe that good things could easily happen to us such as get a high
salary, the world is harmony and full of predictable.
Hindsight bias
Functional fixedness
Set effect most relate to the functional fixedness, in which in prior experience
can also have negative effects in new problem-solving situations. It also can
be known as negative transfer, it able to limit a managers ability to develop
strategies that are of sufficient breadth and generality. For example, skills or
knowledge learned for one activity inhibit the performance of another activity.
If the two activities are similar, but are performed differently (perhaps done in
a different order) then people must mentally remap their view. Changes often
create more or new errors because of transfer effects. For example, if workers
already know how to perform an action with the old system and know how to
fix problem. When a system upgraded, workers must need to learn that
system in order to develop their work performance more efficient and
efficiency. Bu for users view, this changes may cause errors because
although old knowledge no longer applies, they inadvertently tried to apply it.
Negative transfer makes people try to use the same actions that worked for
related tasks. Therefore, negative transfer should be avoided.
Selective attention
Selective attention are people who only more focus or remember selective
alternatives or things to get the attention to it. That kind of alternatives or
things should be attractive to people to take attention to it. For example, in
negotiation table, you must be a talkative, socialist, attractive people to
appeal others people for your requirement. In others words, selective
attention is simply of act of focusing on a particular object for a period of time
while simultaneously ignoring irrelevant information that is also occurring. For
example, if a manager pay attention to your talk, he or she may apply
selective attention in a noisy place with a lots of people.
Overconfidence effect
Short term memory is the part of mind that able to hold the information
currently in the focus of our attention. It contribute a limited capacity or
storage and quantity to us which is only about five or nine symbols or coded
items may be currently active (to be remember). For example, when manager
present about the companys profit on the financial report, you will only
remember five to nine pieces of information. Without deliberate rehearsal,
the information that you remember from manager will disappear and be
replaced by new information perceived by your own sensory registers. In
conclude, we could perceived much more information compare to we
remember.