CARP

AQUA
CULTURE

Freshwater Biology
Abainza, Klarys M. Lavadia, Fatima A.
Arranzado, Mirah Mae D. Llana, Mary Ann O.
Arellano, Alona Jane Millar, Angelica C.
Calica, Marielle Nicolas, Emmylou C.
Esplana, Shara Mae J. Orozco, May
Biology 4A

CARP
Possibly the oldest form of

aquaculture in the known world

Started in China as early as 2500 B.C.

Currently the largest production
(2/3 of ALL fish production is carp)

Common carp : Cyprinos carpio

Common carp

Cyprinos carpio

CARP in the PHILIPPINES

Common carp (Cyrpinus carpio ) was introduced
into the Philippines from Hong Kong in 1915.

Other species of carps were later introduced

But they never became popular due to
relatively low consumer acceptability

Many Filipinos do not find carp palatable, but

bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis ) has recently
become a dominant species in Laguna Lake

The seven major aquaculture species in the

Philippines are:
1. Seaweed (mainly Kappaphycus and Eucheuma spp.).

2. Milkfish (Chanos chanos ).

3. Tilapia (mainly Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus ).

4. Shrimp (mainly giant tiger prawn Penaeus monodon ).

5. Carp (mainly bighead carp Aristichthys nobilis ).

6. Oyster (slipper cupped oyster Crassostrea iredalei ).

7. Mussel (green mussel Perna viridis ).

A
A) Global Production
of Carp

B) Main producers of carp

in the world

Why does the CARPs have

the largest aquaculture
production?
Answer :
Easy to grow because of Broad
Ecological Spectrum

Broad Ecological Spectrum

Best growth - water temperature ranges between 23 C and
30 C

Can survive cold winter periods

Can tolerate salinity up to about 5 percent

Optimal pH range is 6.5 - 9.0

Can survive low oxygen concentration (0.3 -0.5 mg/litre) and

supersaturation

Omnivorous, (more on animal food: water insects,

larvae of insects, worms, mollusks, and zooplankton)

In short
Eat low on the food chain
Tolerate poor water quality
Adapt to both alkaline and acidic
water

Why carp culture?

Has low protein requirement during
culture

Can be used in polyculture with

other aquaculture species

Grows fast, reaching 2-4 kilograms in

4-6 months

Grass Carp
Silver Carp
Bighead carp

Three key species of CARP:

A) Grass Carp

Hypophthalmichthys molitrix

B) Silver Carp

C) Bighead Carp

Ctenopharungodon idella

Hypophthalmichthys nobilis

Did you know that Kois are

domesticated carps!

CULTURE
METHOD

What type of aquaculture

is used for carps?
Answer :
All : extensive, semi intensive &
intensive

CULTURE METHOD
Extensive Aquaculture:
Minimal control, lower density, ponds,
third world

Environmental Impact:
Exclusion of traditional fishermen;

navigational hazards; conflicts, social

disruption; management difficulties;
wood consumption

CULTURE METHOD
Intensive Aquaculture:
Highly controlled, high density, RAS,
raceways, confined (industrialized)
Environmental Impact
Accumulation of anoxic sediments below
cages due to fecal and waste feed buildup; market competition, especially for
export produce; conflicts/failures, social
disruption; consumption of wood and
other materials.

FEEDING
Grass carp can be reared on plants alone, but also

perform well on pellets.

Bighead are eat detritus and zooplankton in the

wild, but also take to pellets.

Silver carp are primarily planktonivores.

PRODUCTION CYCLE

BROOD
STOCK

In natural breeding, what is

used as a substrata for egg
laying?
Answer :
Aquatic plants

SEED SUPPLY
Carp may spawn throughout the year in

tropical areas, with peaks in January-March and

July-August.

Breeding is carried out in hapas, cement tanks

or small ponds. Submerged aquatic plants are
used as substrata for egg laying.

When the fry are 4 to 5 days old, they

are stocked into nursery ponds.

To induce ovulation and

spermiation, broodfishes are
injected with doses of
Answer :
Pituitary Gland
injection/Hormone Injection

Hatchery Based Seed Production

This is the most effective and reliable method of
seed production.

Broodfishes are given two doses of pituitary gland

injection, or a mixture of GnRH/dopamine
antagonist, to induce ovulation and spermiation.

Eggs are fertilized and hatched fry are kept in

large conical tanks for 1 to 3 days

Approximately 300 000 - 800 000 newly hatched

fry can be expected from a single female.

Carp
Pituitary
Extracts

Carp Eggs

Carp
Broodfish

Carp
Hormone
Treatment

MANAGE
MENT

Fishes are bathe in salt

bath when taken from or
transported to hatchery,
why?
Answer :
Remove ectoparasites

Fishes are graded for

potential breeders, what
happens to unqualified
fishes?
Answer :
Sold in the market

TEMPERATE REGIONS
Spent spawners are taken from hatchery and bathed in a
salt bath against ectoparasites.

They are stocked in the broodstock ponds, where they are

well fed.

They overwinter in the same pond.

In the spring they are salt bathed and graded for potential
breeders. Unqualified fish are marketed.

They are separated by sex and stored in storage ponds.

They are seined out as needed, salt bathed, and
transported to the hatchery.

IN THE TROPICS
Fish are separated by sexes
Fish are separated according to whether or
not they are spent.

FEED
Varies according to the season.
When new eggs are forming, should be 50%
natural food high in protein and 50%
artificial feed high in carbohydrates

Egg development occurs over the entire

year.

The fish need a good diet all year long

to be good spawners.

Secchi Disc used

in measuring
Turbidity for
Aquaculture
Water Quality

NURSERY

What constitutes
the first food of
feeding fry?
Answer :
Rotifers

NURSERY
Shallow, aquatic weed-free drainable ponds
of 0.5 to 1.0 ha are the most suitable for
carp nursing.

Nursery ponds must be prepared before

stocking to encourage the development of

a rotifer population, since this constitutes
the first food of feeding fry.

NURSERY
Supplementary feeds, such as soybean meal,

cereals mals, meat meal, or mixtures of these

materials, should be applied. Rice bran or rice
polishings can also be used for feeding fry.

The length of the nursery period is 3 to 4 weeks.

The final fish weight is 0.2 - 0.5 g.
The survival rate is 40 - 70 percent.

HARVESTING
TECHNIQUE

What type of net is

usually used in harvesting
carps?
Answer :
Seine nets

 Carps are usually harvested by seine nets (nets

used weights on the bottom and buoys on top to

keep it afloat).

Length should be 1.5 times the width of pond, but

not longer than 120-150 m.

Selective harvesting for

undrainable ponds. The maximum
weight of carp which can get
through various mesh size nets
are:
20 g fish= 20 mm mesh size;
40 g = 25 mm; 100 g = 30 mm;
170 g = 35 mm; 270 g = 40 mm;
400 g = 50 mm.

Partial harvesting increases

the total production of
the ponds, why?
Answer :
Improves the conditions for the
remaining population

 Feeding should be done throughout the growing period in the

harvest area.

Feeding should be reduced the day before harvesting and

wastes and grass residues that hamper harvesting operations

removed.

At harvest time the water should be drained slowly to

concentrate the fishes.

Partial harvesting increases the total production of the

ponds by improving the conditions for the remaining
population.

All the fish are harvested at the end of the year, either

for marketing or for restocking for the next production

cycle.

YIELD?
Carp ponds often

yield 2000-5000
lbs./acre

Often sold live or

whole on ice.

POST
HARVESTING

 The majority of carps is transferred live to

markets, and is sold either live or freshly
dressed.

Harvested fish can be transferred live in

aerated tanks for 3-5 hours.

Trucks and boats containing water are basically

used as transportation tools in most areas.

Selling aquacultured carps

Kroder Karpfen
(Germany)

Carp Curry
(India)

Funameshi
(Japan)

Food products of carp from different

countries

THANK YOU:)