BDA BDA31003

Task Report No. 1

Analysis of Axial Element
Mohamad Razif bin Mohamad
Matrix No: CD130133
March 16, 2015
1.

Model/Problem Description

Compound structure is shown in Figure 1. An axial load is of 1000N applied at point C with
the direction as shown in the figure. It is intended demonstrate comprehension in doing
analysis of axial problem in complex problem, including initial constraint set in point F.
While applying the load at C, at the same time point F is displaced 1 cm and maintained. The
length of every segment, the cross section and the modulus of elasticity is shown in the figure
below.

Figure 1: Compound Axial Problem

2.

Finite Element Model

2.1

Element Model

This model is a beam that modelled as 2D in static general by using software Lisa 7.71 with
constant Poissons ratio of 0.3. There are three different cross sections in this model. In this
case three materials should be prepared. The entire element was set up as rectangular bar. The
cross section for element 1 is 0.05m x 0.01m, for element 2 is 0.02m x 0.01m and for the
1

element 3 is same as material 1. The Youngs modulus that is used is 69GPa for material 1,
101GPa for material 2 and 73GPa for material 3. The total number of element is 5 elements
(Figure 2). There are 6 nodes on the beam (Figure 3). The unit used in this model is in SI unit
which is meter in length. The force, N that is applied at node 2 is 1000kN.

Figure 2: FEM Model (Number of Elements)

Figure 3: FEM Model (Number of Nodes)

2.2

Constraints

To describe a fixed end of this axial loading, all nodes in the left end are constrained in the x
axis. To make sure they are not to move in the x axis by using displx = 0. Same to the y-axis,
one of the nodes is also restrained in the y-axis, using disply = 0. However in end of the right
node put disply=1cm because there is gap shown between free end and fix end. The
constraints can be seen in Figure 4

Figure 4: Point of Constraints

2.3

Loadings

A concentrated load is represented by indicating as a negative direction in y direction,

forcex=-1000KN. Negative value here indicates that the direction is the opposite of the y-

axis. Figure 5 below shows where the tensile loading was placed.

Figure 5: Tensile Loading

Results and short discussion

The displacement results are illustrated in Figure 6, respectively. By looking at the magnitude
(total) displacement of the elongation beam, it is clearly shown that the free end will be
mostly elongation. The largest displacement is at the tip where a concentrated load is applied.

Figure 6: Displacement result

The maximum tensile forces when the elongation as indicated by tensile plot (Figure 7). This
region is highly stress, as a consequence the stress contour shows higher compared to other
region. This region is highly stress, as a consequence the stress contour shows higher
compared to other region. The tensile force concentration is the highest (1000 N/m2). Besides
this area, the area around the concentrated load is also high stressed. It can be understood
since the load is applied in this point. The tensile force concentration is the highest (1000

N/m2). Besides this area, the area around the concentrated load is also high stressed. It can be
understood since the load is applied in this point.

Figure 7: Tensile force result

Load
case 1
Node X

Field
value
1
0
2 0.5
3 0.9
4 1.4
5 0.25
6 0.7

0
0
0
0
0
0

Displacement Displacement Displacement Rotation Tensile

Magnitude
in X
in Y
about Z Force
0
0
0
0 261900
0.003795655 0.003795655
0
0 174934
0.006398628 0.006398628
0
0 175267
0.01
0.01
0
0 262900
0.001897827 0.001897827
0
0 261900
0.005097141 0.005097141
0
0 131450

Tensile Stress
at User
Defined
Point
5.24E+08
6.13E+08
6.13E+08
5.26E+08
5.24E+08
6.57E+08

Table 1 The Results

Conclusion

Based on this simulation result, there are some results can be derived:
1. The cantilever will deform in an elongation mode with the largest displacement of
0.006398628.
2. High tensile force occurs at node 4 with the value of 262900.
3. High concentration stresses occur at middle region of the rectangular bar where a
concentrated load applied. The damage can start from this region because of this high
stress concentration
4