qarTveluri memkvidreoba (akaki wereTlis saxelmwifo

universitetis qarTveluri dialeqtologiis samecniero-kvleviTi

institutis perioduli samecniero Jurnali) tomi XII, gv.,103-107

nino ejibaZe

fSavuri daqadageba da arabuli zari

sruliad sxvadasxva istoriis, kulturisa da tradiciebis mqone

xalxSi aRmoCndeba xolme folkloris, wes-CveulebaTa da xalxur
ritualTa msgavsi motivebi da elementebi. amgvar msgavsebaTa safuZveli, im
SemTxvevaSi, rodesac mocemul erebs erTmaneTTan raime saxis mWidro
istoriuli kavSiri ar hqoniaT, unda iyos im saerTo problemebis, saerTo
interesebisa da warmodgenebis arseboba, romlebic ganviTarebis garkveul
etapze SeiZleba axasiaTebdes zogadad adamianTa modgmas ganurCevlad
religiuri Tu erovnuli kuTvnilebisa, maTi sasicocxlo garemos
Taviseburebebis miuxedavad. araa mkiTxvelisTvis ucnobi is faqtic, rom
TiTqmis yvela eris (Tu ara yoveli erisa) SemecnebaSi yalibdeboda
uZvelesi droidan warmodgenebi, rom arsebobs bunebaSi Zalebi, romlebic
aregulireben iseT movlenebs, romlebze gavlenac adamians ar
xelewifeboda. sxvadasxva epoqisa da erebis folklori da adreuli
religiuri warmodgenebi icnoben RmerTebsa Tu sulebs, romlebic floben
bunebis, adamianis sikvdil-sicocxlis, keTildReobis, nayofierebisa da sxva
saidumloebebs. gasageb mizezTa gamo, saerToa sxvadasxva erebis
warmodgenaSi isic, rom am Zalebis, sulebisa Tu RmerTebis nawili
keTilia, nawili _ boroti. Tumca, TviT yvelaze keTili Zalebic ki
xSirad sjian adamians garkveuli SecdomebisTvis, adamianisgan moiTxoven
pativiscemas, gansazRvruli wesebis mimarT morCilebasa da, aseve, Sesawirs.
miuxedavad imisa, rom egviptes sxvadasxva droSi qarTuli warmoSobis
mmarTvelebic hyavda mamluqebis saxiT, aseve muhajirobis periodSi
saqarTvelodan egvipteSi gadasaxlebuli qarTuli Ziris ojaxebic
arseboben, Znelad Tu SeiZleba iTqvas, rom arabul, egviptur da qarTuli
mTianeTis mosaxleobas Soris raime mWidro kulturuli kavSirebi
yofiliyo ganvlili saukuneebis manZilze. amisda miuxedavad, aris
tradiciebi, romlebic saqarTvelos mTianeTsa da egvipteSi garkveul
msgavsebas avlenen.
daqadagebas fSavSi uwodeben mdgomareobas, rodesac adamians,
umetesad qals, xatis winaSe Cadenili raime danaSaulisTvis es xati sjis.
dasja, ZiriTadad, gamoixateba adamianis droebiTi fsiqikuri aSlilobiT.
daqadagebuli adamiani Tavis saqciels ver akontrolebs, mkveTr
moZraobebs asrulebs, gaugebrad bodavs. imisTvis, rom daqadagebuli
adamiani gamojanmrTeldes, xats gulis mosalbobad msxverpli unda
Seswiros.
msgavsi warmodgena, romlis safuZvelicaa adamianze garkveuli
sakraluri Zalebis zemoqmedebis rwmena, egviptisa da zogi sxva arabuli
tradiciebisTvisacaa cnobili. es gaxlavT zaris rituali. iTvleba, rom
arian sulebi, Cveulebriv, usxeulo gonieri arsebebi, romlebic or
jgufad iyofian: jinebi da saidebi.1 amaTgan, jinebi ufro borotebi arian,
vidre saidebi. orive maTgani gauwyreba admians, Tu is akrZaluls Caidens.
akrZalulad iTvleba: RamiT an karis zRurblze wylis daqceva, uwmindur
adgilas dabijeba da msgavsi moqmedebebi (fatima al-misri, 1975, gv. 18).
sulTa gawyroma iwvevs adamianis avadmyofobas, ZiriTadad fsiqikuri an
fsiqologiuri xasiaTisas. Tu saqarTveloSi aseTi problemebis adamianebs
Sepyrobilebs uwodeben, egviptur tradiciaSi maT eZaxian "mamsus"-s, anu
"as, visac (jinebi da saidebi) Seexnen". garkveuli msgavseba mocemul
leqsemebSic TvalsaCinoa. sulTa gawyromam qalis socialur statuszedac
SeiZleba gavlena moaxdinos, rac imaSi gamoixateba, rom igi ver Txovdeba.
sulebis gamoisobiT xdeba xolme isic, rom qali sul droze adre
mSobiarobs an mkvdar nayofs Sobs.
zaris tradiciis mixedviT, aris saSualeba msgavsi problemebis
gadawyvetisa. avadmyofi midis adamianTan, romelsac sulebTan kavSiris
damyareba SeuZlia, esaa "qodia". qodia avadmyofs gamoarTmevs tansacmlis
nawils, e.w. atrs. Seasrulebs ritualur ganwmendas, waikiTxavs specialur
Selocvebs da atrs specialurad am SemTxevisTvis gankuTvnili avgaroziT
Seamkobs, romelsac hirzi an hijabi hqvia. es gaxlavT qaRaldis nakuwze
dawerili teqsti, romelsac adre aucileblad zafranis nayeniT
asrulebdnen (adil al-alimi, 1993, gv. 156), dRes am saqmisTvis wiTeli an
mwvane melanic gamodgeba. qodia avgaroziT Semkul qsovils Svidjer
gaatarebs nelsurnelebaSi da baliSis qveS daidebs. im Rames mas
daesizmreba saidi an jini, romelic am adamians gawyromia. meore diliT
qodia mzadaa ganacxados, ra Sesawiria saWiro sulis Semosarigeblad da
niSnavs zaris ritualis TariRs. saqme rTuldeba, roca gamwyrali suli
jinia. jinebi, rogorc aRiniSna, ufro avebi arian, misiT Sepyrobili
adamiani ganwirulia. saidebis Semorigeba SesaZlebelia garkveuli musikis,
teqstebis _ saidis mimarT miZRvnili sadidebeli odebisa da ritualur
RonisZiebaTa mTeli jaWvis meSveobiT, rac warmoadgens kidec zars. zaris
warmmarTavTa mizania, avadmyofi miiyvanon transis mdgomareobamde, radgan
mxolod amis Semdegaa misi gamojanmrTeleba mosalodneli.
zaris sulebis ricxvi 44-s aRwevs. tradiciulad iTvleba, rom zogi
maTgani muslimia, zogi qristiani, zogic kerpTayvanismcemeli; zogi maTgani
arabia, zogic _ berZeni an Cineli (ix.: f. behmani, 1953; s. uiqsi, 1984; s.
kenioni, 1999; p. Sinerli, 1983). TiToeul maTgans Tavisi Cvevebi aqvs.
magaliTad, e.w. wiTel sultans wiTeli mamali an dedali unda daeklas,
misi zaris dros wiTeli feri unda sWarbobdes tansacmelsa da
aqsesuarebSi; al-gindis nacrisferi kravi unda Seewiros, misi sayvareli
feri nacrisferia da a.S. niSandoblivia, rom sulebsa da saidebSi
arsebuli ierarqia sulac ar imeorebs muslimuri samyarosTvis
damaxasiaTebel patriarqalurs. su _ wiTeli sultniTurT, amasTan, didi
qalbatoni ufro Zlier da gavlenian saidad iTvleba. Tumca, dedaze kidev
ufro Zlieri sulia am wyvilis qaliSvili ruquSi _ patara gogona-jini,
romlis gajavrebas adamianisTvis fataluri Sedegi moaqvs.
 rodesac gamwyrali sulis mimarT odebi Sesruldeba, avadmyofi
transs ganicdis, Sesawiri daikvleba da misi sisxliT avadmyofis Subli da
am ritualisTvis sagangebod SerCeuli tansacmeli SeiRebeba,
gamosajanmrTeleblad avadmyofs ramdenime dRe eZleva. am drois manZilze
masTan aravin Sedis, garda momvlelisa, romelic uxmod awvdis sakvebs.
ramdeni dRe unda gaataros avamdyofma marto, amasac qodia wyvets
"sulebTan SeTanxmebiT". am periodis gavlis Semdeg ganwmendili avadmyofi
gareT gamodis da axal cxovrebas iwyebs.
erTi SexedviT, TiTqos fSavur da egviptur tradiciebs Soris didi
msgavseba ar SeimCneva. magram, meore mxriv, mxedvelobaSi unda miviRoT
Semdegi: fSavur da, zogadad, saqarTvelos mTianeTis am da sxva
tradiciebSi Rrmad aris aRreuli qristianuli religia da
kerpTayvanismcemlobis periodis elementebi. gamodis, rom qristianobis
saxeliT xdeba zogi iseTi ZvelTaZveli tradiciis praqtika, romelic
qristianobidan pirdapir ar gamomdinareobs da Tavisi asakiT
qristianobaze xnieric SeiZleba iyos. erT-erT aseT movlenad, albaT, unda
ganvixiloT daqadagebac. SesaZlebelia egviptur tradiciasTan erTgvari
paralelis gavleba: zaris praqticionerebi muslimebad Tvlian Tavs, magram
zaris rituali, romelSic dasturdeba muslimuri motivebi, wminda
muslimur RonisZiebad aranairad ar SeiZleba iqnes ganxiluli. TviT zari
Tavisi asakiT uZvelesi droidan arsebuli rituali unda iyos, Tumca
egviptis teritoriaze igi mogvianebiT gamoCnda. sudaneli da eTiopieli
monebis saSualebiT XIX saukuneSi Sevida egvipteSi (f. behmani, 1953,
gv. 2). misi xanmokle istoriis miuxedavad, am qveyanaSi mosaxleobis
garkveulma fenam igi kargad aiTvisa da sakuTari elementebiTac gaamdidra.
muslimuri sazogadoeba, iseve rogorc, principSi, qarTulic, mainc
patriarqaluria. am fonze, sainteresoa, rom orive ritualis mTavar
moqmed pirad qali gvesaxeba. amas garkveuli mizezebi unda hqondes. iseve,
rogorc fSavSi (vaJa-fSavela, 1986, gv. 582-583). egvipteSic qali mimarTavs
sakralur Zalebs, raTa garkveul movaleobebs Tavi daaRwios. orive
sazogadoebaSi mamakacisTvis gacilebiT martivia Tavi aaridos col-
qmruli movaleobis Sesrulebasac, garkveul fizikur samuSaosac, Tu mas
es ar surs. mamakaci, rogorc ojaxis ufrosi, TviTon wyvets, rogor
moiqces. qali mamakacis winaSe xSirad daucvelia. amitom, imisTvis, rom
sawadels miaRwios, fSaveli qali Tavs iavadmyofebs da xats abralebs,
"mawmindebso" _ e.i. mamakacTan wolas mikrZalavso (vaJa-fSavela, 1986, gv.
582-582). am "eSmakobiT" igi axerxebs, Tavi daaRwios arasasurvel mamakacs.
egvipteSi qali, romelsac qmari mZime saojaxo saqmeebis gakeTebas aiZulebs,
aseve Tavs iavadmyofebs da "sulebs" abralebs, isini mikrZalaven
muSaobaso. Sedegad unda moewyos zari. Semdeg, qodias daxmarebiT,
sulebTan daideba kontraqti, moxdeba Sepireba, rom es qali ama Tu im
saqmes aRar Seasrulebs, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi sulebi uaresad gawyrebian.
amgvari mizeziT gamarTul zars, rogorc wesi, mosdevs oqros samkaulis an
axali tansacmlis Sesyidvac qalisTvis (f. behmani, 1953, gv. 11), rac aseve
sulebisganaa nabrZanebi. gamodis, rom qali, romelic Tavs daCagrulad
grZnobs da mocemul sazogadoebaSi damyarebuli wesebis gamo Tavs TviTon
ver icavs, iZulebuli xdeba, mimarTos garkveul Zalebs, romlebic
adamianze maRla dganan. erT SemTxvevaSi es aris xati, meoreSi _ saidebi
da jinebi, da maT nabrZanebs gadaabralos sakuTari survili. Semdeg ki -
ewios sawadels, rogorc aucilebel valdebulebas. am SemTxvevaSi fSavel
mamakacs, iseve, rogorc egviptels, xatebisa da sulebis morCilebis meti
araferi darCenia. da, albaT aris kidev erTi paralelis gavlebis
saSualebac. orive SemTxvevaSi aris Suamavali, adamiani, romelsac
endobian: erT SemTxvevaSi meti xelisuflebisa da funqciebis mqone
xevisberi, meore SemTxvevaSi naklebi Zalauflebis mqone qodia, romelTac
saerTo is aqvT, rom maT ician meti, vidre ubralo adamianebma. aseve,
orive SemTxvevaSi avadmyofoba, ZiriTadad, fsiqikuri xasiaTisaa, romlis
simulacia SedarebiT advilia. amasTan, isic ufro martivadaa
SesaZlebeli, rom adamiani, romelsac cxovreba uwevs TavisTvis
arakomfortul pirobebSi, marTlac SeiZleba daavaddes garkeuli
fsiqikuri moSlilobiT, romelic mosalodnelia ganikurnos
gamaRizianebeli faqtoris ararsebobis SemTxvevaSi. miT umetes, Tuki
gaviTvaliswinebT orive mocemul sazogadoebaSi tradiciuli wes-
Cveulebebis mimarT rwmenis faqtors.

damowmebuli literatura

adil al-alimi, 1993 - 9'/D 'D9'DJEI 'D2'1 HE31- 'D7BH3 'DB'G1) 1993
ahmad amini, 1999 - #-E/ #EJF B'EH3 'D9'/'* H'D*B'DJ/ H'D*9'(J1 'DE51J)
'DB'G1) 1999
f. behmani, 1953 - F. Behman, The Zar in Egypt, project for the Bachelor’s
degree, Cairo, 1953.
vaJa-fSavela, 1986 - vaJa-fSavela, Txzulebani, eTnografiuli
werilebi, Tb., 1986.
g. lobJaniZe, 2006 - yurani, g. lobJaniZis TargmaniTa da Sesavali
weriliT, Tb., 2006.
s. uiqsi, 1984 - S. Weeks, Silver Zar Amulets, in Cairo Today, February, 1984.
fatima al-misri, 1975 - A'7E) 'DE51I 'D2'1'DB'G1) 1975.
n. furcelaZe, 1969 - 1001 Rame, Targmani da komentarebi n.
furcelaZisa, Tb., 1969.
s. qenioni, 1999 - S. M. Kenyon, The Case of the Butcher’s Wife, in: Spirit
Possession Modernity and Power in Africa, Madison, 1999.
yurani - ‫ ﻩ‬١٤١٣ ،‫ ﺗﻬﺮان‬،‫اﻟﻘﺮﺁن اﻟﻜﺮﻳﻢ‬
p. Sinerli, 1983 - P. W. Schienerl, Amulets in Modern Egypt, in: Ornament, 6,
1983.

NINO EJIBADZE
 PSHAVIAN DAKADAGEBA AND ARABIC ZAR

It happens, that in folk arts and traditions of an absolutely different people turn out
similar motives and elements. The base of these similarities could be existence of the
same problems, interests and ideas, which characterizes people in general on a definite
stage of them development independent of them nationality or inhabitation environment.
There are interesting resemblance between the Pshavi ritual of Dakadageba and Arabic
Zar. In the present article are discussed some similarities of these traditions which
confirms in life of these two absolutely different nations and present itself as some kind
of mix, on a one hand of Christianity and idolaty, and on the other hand – Islam and
idolaty. The resemblances occur in the following points: the principal heroes of the both
rituals are women, which are punished by sacral powers. The both of societies are
patriarchal, where women feel her self oppressed. In both of the rituals presents
mediators between the human and the sacral powers. And, finally, in the both of the cases
sickness of the human is, on the whole, of a mental, psychic or psychological character.