Emil Angelo O.

Tan

November 23, 2015

BSME-4

MEELEC 2 M (7:30-10:30)

ALTERNATIVE SOURCES OF ENERGY

Renewable Energy - energy that comes from resources which are naturally replenished on a human
timescale, such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves, and geothermal heat
Renewable Energy Sources:
1. Tidal Energy - is a form of hydropower that converts the energy of tides into useful forms of
power, mainly electricity. Although not yet widely used, tidal power has potential for
future electricity generation. Tides are more predictable than wind energy and solar power.
Among sources of renewable energy, tidal power has traditionally suffered from relatively high
cost and limited availability of sites with sufficiently high tidal ranges or flow velocities, thus
constricting its total availability.
2. Solar Energy - is radiant light and heat from the Sun harnessed using a range of ever-evolving
technologies
such
as solar
heating,
photovoltaics, solar
thermal
energy, solar
architecture and artificial photosynthesis. It is an important source of renewable energy and its
technologies are broadly characterized as either passive solar or active solar depending on the
way they capture and distribute solar energy or convert it into solar power.
3. Wind Energy - is extracted from air flow using wind turbines or sails to produce mechanical
or electrical energy. Windmills are used for their mechanical power, wind pumps for water
pumping, and sails to propel ships. Wind power as an alternative to fossil fuels, is
plentiful, renewable, widely distributed, clean, produces no greenhouse gas emissions during
operation, and uses little land.
4. Geothermal Energy - is thermal energy generated and stored in the Earth. Thermal energy is the
energy that determines the temperature of matter. The geothermal energy of the
Earth's crust originates from the original formation of the planet and from radioactive decay of
materials.
5. Nuclear Power - any nuclear technology designed to extract usable energy from atomic nuclei via
controlled nuclear reactions. The only method in use today is through nuclear fission, though
other methods might one day include nuclear fusion and radioactive decay. All utility-scale
reactors heat water to produce steam, which is then converted into mechanical work for the
purpose of generating electricity or propulsion.
6. Biomass - is biological material derived from living, or recently living organisms. In the context
of biomass as a resource for making energy, it most often refers to plants or plant-based materials
which are not used for food or feed, and are specifically called lignocellulose biomass .[1] As an

energy source, biomass can either be used directly via combustion to produce heat, or indirectly
after converting it to various forms of biofuel.

Non-Renewable Energy - is a resource that does not renew itself at a sufficient rate for sustainable
economic extraction in meaningful human time-frames.
Non-Renewable Energy Sources:
1. Fossil Fuels - derived from organic matter which has been trapped between layers of sediments
within the Earth for millions of years. The organic matter, typically plants, have decomposed and
compressed over time, leaving what are known as fossil fuel deposits. These deposits, and the
materials produced from them, tend to be highly combustible, making them an ideal energy
source. They are difficult to obtain as they are typically retrieved through drilling or mining, but
fossil fuels are worth the effort for the sheer amount of energy they produce.
2. Crude Oil / Petroleum - builds up in liquid form between the layers of the Earths crust.
It is retrieved by drilling deep into the ground and pumping the liquid out. The liquid is then
refined and used to create many different products. Crude oil is a very versatile fuel and is used to
produce things like plastics, artificial food flavorings, heating oil, petrol, diesel, jet fuel, and
propane.
3. Gas - natural gasses gather below the Earths crust and, like crude oil, must be drilled for and
pumped out. Methane and ethane are the most common types of gasses obtained through this
process. These gasses are most commonly used in home heating as well as gas ovens and grills.
4. Coal - the last of the major fossil fuels. Created by compressed organic matter, it is solid like rock
and is obtained via mining. Out of all countries, China produces the most coal by far. According
to the Statistical Review of World Energy, published in 2011 by BP, they produced an astounding
48.3% (3,240 million tons) of the worlds coal in 2010.
5. Nuclear Fuel - is primarily obtained through the mining and refining of uranium ore.
When it reaches critical mass, uranium begins to break down and release energy which heats the
water it is immersed in. This is known as fission. The heated water then creates pressure and it is
this pressure which drives the turbines that generate the electricity we use every day.
Nuclear fuels are keys to maintaining the Earth's environment since they are the cleanest of all
non-renewable resources.

Energy Sources in the Philippines

Wind Energy 76,000 MW

Hydropower 10,500 MW
Geothermal 1,200 MW

Ocean Energy 170,000 MW

Solar Energy 5 kWh per square meter per day

Energy Consumption in the Philippines

Philippines total primary energy consumption in 2012 was 30.2 Mtoe (million Tonne of oil equivalent)
according to BP. Most of this energy came from fossil fuels. Electricity consumption in 2010 was 64.52
TWh, of which about two thirds came from fossil fuels, 21% from hydroelectric plants and about 13%
from other renewables. The total generating capacity was 16.36 GW.

Bibliography

https://psa.gov.ph/tags/energy-consumption
http://listverse.com/2009/05/01/top-10-renewable-energy-sources
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/examples-nonrenewable-energy-sources-78740.html

http://environment.elnidoresorts.com/2012/04/12/why-the-philippines-needs-to-get-off