April 2014

1. What are the Secondary energy Sources?

The form of energy which is finally supplied to a consumer for utilization is
known as secondary or usable energy, e.g, electrical energy, thermal energy (in the
formof steam or hot water), chemical energy(in the form of hydrogen or fossil fuels),
etc. some form of energy may be categorized both in intermediate as well as
secondary resources, e.g., electricity and hydrogen
2. What are the advantages of renewable energy?
a. Little to No Global Warming Emissions
b. Improved Public Health and Environmental Quality
c. A Vast and Inexhaustible Energy Supply
d. Jobs and Other Economic Benefits
e. Stable Energy Prices
f. A More Reliable and Resilient Energy System
3. What are the materials used in nuclear power plants?
a. Graphite Liquid metal (Na (or) Na K), Helium (He), Carbon dioxide.
b. In a boiling water reactor, Light water plays the role of moderator and coolant
as well
c. Molten salt is a primary coolant for a molten salt reactor.
4. What are the applications of gas turbine plants?
The gas turbine can be used as base load plant where the gas turbine fuel is relatively
cheap. It is mainly used in the aircraft engines, electric power generation, marine
propulsion etc.
5. What are the factors considered while selecting the site for hydroelectric stations?
a. Availability of water and water head
b. Accessibility of site
c. Water storage capacity
d. Distance from the load center
e. Type of land
6. What is the basic principle of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC)?
Sun radiation warming up water of ocean surface is creating a temperature
difference this difference T is fairly low About 10K. Whereas 25K at best in tropical
seas (surf 0.5km/1km). This temperature difference is used to vaporize the low
boiling point liquid like ammonia (15K) with the help of heat exchanger, which is
then used for power generation.
7. Classify the methods of solar energy storage.
a. Solar pond

b. Rock bed storage

c. Solar energy is stored in Battery in the form of chemical energy
8. How are wind energy conversions systems classified?
a. According the axis of rotation
i. Vertical axis wind turbine
ii. Horizontal axis wind turbine
b. According the range of output power
i. Small scale
ii. Medium scale
iii. Large scale
c. According to the no of generator used
i. Single generator system
ii. Multiple generator system
d. According to the types of output power
i. AC and DC
9. Define Energy Conversion.
Energy conservation means reduction in energy consumption but without
making any sacrifice in the quality of quantity of production. In other words, it means
increasing the production from a given amount of energy input by reducing
lossess/wastage and maximizing the efficiency

10. Define energy audit.

Energy Audit means studying the energy consumption pattern in the utilities
or equipments by obtaining necessary data analyse the same to identify the areas
where wastages or loses occur and suggest methods to avoid wastages or loss and also
other consumption measures to ensure efficient use of energy.
NOVEMBER 2013
1. Which region in India producing more wind power?
Tamil Nadu (8,256 MW), Gujarat (3,087 MW), Maharashtra (4167.26 MW),
Rajasthan (2355 MW), Madhya Pradesh (386 MW).
2.

What is a super heater?

A Super heater is a device used to convert saturated steam into a dry steam used for
power generation or processes steam which has been super heated is known as
superheated steam

3. What are the disadvantages of gas turbine power plant?

1.No load and Partial load efficiency is low
2.High sensitive to component efficiency
3.The efficiency depends on ambient pressure and ambient temperature
4.High air rate is required to limit the maximum inlet air temperature. Hence exhaust
losses are high
5. Air and gas filter is required to prevent dust into the combustion chambers.
4. List the disadvantages of nuclear power plant?
Radioactive Waste
Nuclear accidents
Nuclear radiation
High Cost
Impact on human life
Impact on aquatic life
5. What is spill way?
A spillway is a structure used to provide the controlled release of flows from a dam or
levee into a downstream area, typically being the river that was dammed. Spillways
release floods so that the water does not overtop and damage or even destroy the dam.
6. Mention the classification of hydro electric plant according to regulation of water
flow?
(a) Overflow type dam
(b) Non-overflow type dam

7. Define solar constant?

It is the rate at which solar energy arrives at the top of atmosphere.

This is the amount of energy received in unit time on a unit area perpendicular to
the suns direction at the mean distance of the earth from the sun.
According to NASA the solar constant is expressed in following three ways:
1.353 Kilowatts per square meter or 1353 watts per square meter
429.2 Btu per square foot per hour
1164 kcal per square meter per hour

8. What are the disadvantages of wind power generation system?

1.Low energy production
2.Expensive maintenance
3.Noise Distrubance
4.Wind can never be predicted
5.Threat to wild life.
9. What are the types of energy auditing?
i) Preliminary Audit
ii) Detailed Audit
10. What is heat Exchanger?
A heat exchanger is a piece of equipment built for efficient heat transfer from one
medium to another. The media may be separated by a solid wall to prevent mixing or
they may be in direct contact.
April 2012
1. State the world wide status of India in coal energy.
India Ranked 3rd n the world coal production. The production of coal was 532.63
million metric tons in 2010 11. The Indian coal has on an average 18 to 22% ash content.
The coal availability in India will last for 50 to 60 years.
2. What are the advantages of energy storage system?
Increase system generation capacity
Enable dispatch of cogeneration plants
Shift energy purchases to low cost periods
Increase system reliability
Integration with other functions
3. Write the significance of combined cycle power plant.
Production of electricity and useful thermal energy simultaneously from a
common fuel source. The rejected heat from industrial processes can be used to
power an electric generator. Surplus heat from an electric generator can be used for
industrial processes, or for heating purposes.

4. List the various types of Nuclear power reactor.

Fast reactors, Thermal reactors, natural fuel reactors, Enriched Uranium reactors,
water moderated reactors, heavy water moderated reactor, graphite moderated reactor,
gas cooled reactors and Sodium cooled reactors.
5. What are the social effects of Implementing of hydro electric plants?
a. Landslide
b. Ramping effect will affect fish habitat.
c. Submerge due to lose sand.
d. Water flow is not continuous
6. What is the cause of tides? And what its tidal range.
TIDE is a periodical rise and fall of the water level of sea which are carried by
the action of the sun and moon on the water of the earth. The main feature of the tidal
cycle is the difference in water surface elevations at the high tide end, the tidal energy
can be converted into electrical energy by means of a generator. Tidal range is
expressed as the difference in water levels between two consecutive high tides and
low tides
7. What are the types of Wind turbine?
1. Vertical axis (or) Egg beater style
2. Horizontal axis (propeller style) machines

8. Draw the VI characteristics of Solar PV cell.

9. Write the Objectives of Supply management.

a. Increase the output of the system without spending huge capital.
b. Operate the plant at most economical power factor.
c. Replace the old technology machine with new one.

10. List the Instruments Used for Energy Audit.

Barometer, Energy meter, Thermocouple, Anemometer, Thermostat, etc.,
April 2013
1. What is the various non conventional method of generating electrical energy?
1. Tidal power plant
2. Wind power plant
3. Geothermal power plant
4. Solar power plant
5. Wave power plant
2. What is the need for Energy Storage?
Increase system generation capacity
Enable dispatch of cogeneration plants
Shift energy purchases to low cost periods
Increase system reliability
Battery is used in e-bike.
3. What is Deaeration?
Deaeration is the removal of air molecules (usually meaning oxygen) from another
gas or liquid.
4. What is breeding in nuclear power plant?
The process of producing fissionable material from a fertile material such as uranium
238 (U238) and thorium 232 (Th 232 ) by neutron absorption is known as breeding.
5. What is the use of surge tank?
The surge tank is used to provide better regulation of water pressure in the
system. The surge tank controls the water when the load on the turbine decreases and
supplies water when the load on the turbine increases. Thus, surge tank controls the
pressure variations resulting from the rapid changes in water flow in penstock and
hence prevents water hammer.
6. What are the limitations of tidal energy power plant?
1. Orientation problem
2. Requires storage devices
3. Available at a lower rating and time
4. High capital cost
7. What are the components of wind energy conversion system?
1.Rotor
2.Gearbox
3.Enclosure
4.generator

8. What is solar collector?

Solar energy is the energy produced in the sun and collected on the earth.
Energy from sun in the form of heat and light is harnessed. Solar heating system uses
the heat energy and solar electric system uses light energy (photo voltaic cell) to
generate electrical energy.
9. What are the steps to be followed for energy conservation?
The two principles of governing energy conservation policies are maximum
thermodynamic efficiency and maximum cost effectiveness in energy use.
10. Define Energy Auditing.
Energy Audit means studying the energy consumption pattern in the utilities
or equipments by obtaining necessary data analyze the same to identify the areas
where wastages or loses occur and suggest methods to avoid wastages or loss and also
other consumption measures to ensure efficient use of energy.

November 2012
1. What is forebay?
Fore bay is considered as naturally provided surge tank. It is temporary water storage
when the load on the plant is reduced and provides water for initial increment on
increasing load.
2. Define economizer.
Economizers are mechanical devices intended to reduce energy consumption,
or to perform useful function such as preheating a fluid. The term economizer is used
for other purposes as well. Boiler, power plant, heating, ventilating, and air
conditioning uses are discussed in this article. In simple terms, an economizer is
a heat exchanger.
3. How the thermal efficiency of a steam plant can be increased.
The ratio of heat equivalent of mechanical energy transmitted to the turbine
shaft to the heat of combustion of coal is known as Thermal efficiency of Steam
power station. To improve the thermal efficiency, the heat loss in steam from boiler to
turbine should be minimized by using adiabatic tubes.
4. Name any two types of gas turbine power plant.
1.Open cycle gas turbine power plant
2. Closed cycle gas turbine power plant
5. What is hydro graph?
A hydrograph is a graph showing the rate of flow (discharge) versus time past
a specific point in a river, or other channel or conduit carrying flow. The rate of flow
is typically expressed in cubic meters or cubic feet per second (cms or cfs).
6. Give any two advantages of pumped storage plant.

1. Increases the peak load capacity at low cost

2. High operating efficiency
3. Better load factor
4. Independence of steam flow conditions
7. Name few applications of solar energy.
1.Solar water heating
2. Solar space heating systems
3. Solar refrigeration
4. Industrial process heat systems
8. What are the main components of WECS?
1.Rotor
2.Gearbox
3.Enclosure
4.generator
9. What is detailed energy auditing?
An detailed energy audit is an inspection, survey and analysis of energy flows
for energy conservation in a building, process or system to reduce the amount of
energy input into the system without negatively affecting the output(s). In commercial
and industrial real estate, an energy audit is the first step in identifying opportunities
to reduce energy expense and carbon footprints.
10. What are the classifications of electrical energy conversion?
Energy from charged particles called electrical energy. The process of fission
(splitting atoms) and fusion (combining atoms) gives us another type of energy
called nuclear energy.
November 2012 (8th sem)
1. What are the names of energy sources?
The sources of energy are
The Sun
The wind
Water
Fuels
Nuclear energy
2. List out the availability of nuclear fuel in India.
There are also inland resources in the Ranchi plateau. Apart from there are scattered
deposits in the Gujrat region, Bihar and inner Tamil Nadu.
3. Define solar constant in solar energy.
The solar constant, a measure of flux density, is the conventional name for the
mean solar electromagnetic radiation (the solar irradiance) per unit area that would be
incident on a plane perpendicular to the rays, at a distance of one astronomical unit
from the Sun.
4. Define bottoming cycle in cogeneration.

The bottoming cycle, in which primary heat is used at high temperature

directly for process requirements.
5. What are the advantages of combined cycle power plant?
The efficiency of the combined cycle plant is better or higher than the turbine cycle or
steam cycle plant. The efficiency of combined cycle power plant will be of the order
of about 45 to 50%.
It has the advantage of low operational personnel.
Maintenance duration (down time) for combined cycle power plant is
significantly low. This improves the plant availability feature
The amount of solid waste from coal gasification combined cycle is less
compared to conventional steam turbine plant.
6. Define maximum thermodynamic efficiency in energy.
In thermodynamics,
the maximum
thermal
efficiency (
)
is
a dimensionless performance measure of a device that uses thermal energy, such as
an internal combustion engine, a steam turbine or a steam engine, a boiler, a furnace,
or a refrigerator for example. In other words, efficiency indicates how well an energy
conversion or transfer process is accomplished.
7. Write the renewable energy sources utilized in India.
1.solar power plant
2.Wind power plant
3.Hydro power plant
4.Geothermal power plant
8. What are the advantages of renewable energy sources?
Little to No Global Warming Emissions
Improved Public Health and Environmental Quality
A Vast and Inexhaustible Energy Supply
Jobs and Other Economic Benefits
Stable Energy Prices
A More Reliable and Resilient Energy System
9. What are the applications of solar water heater?
1) Domestic : Flats, Bungalows and Apartments.
2) Commercial : Hotels, Hospitals, Hostels and Dormitories.
3) Industrial : Process Industries, Preheating boiler feed water. In domestic sector,
hot water is used for bathing, washing of clothes & utensils etc.
10. What are the different types of rotors used in wind turbine?
1. Horizontal axis turbine
2. Vertical axis turbine
November 2011
1. Name any two types of nuclear fuels used as conventional energy sources.
U238, P234 and U235.
2. Define primary energy sources.
Primary energy sources,

The Sun
The wind
Water
Fuels
Nuclear energy

3. Classify renewable energy sources.

1. Tidal power plant
2. Wind power plant
3. Geothermal power plant
4. Solar power plant
5. Wave power plant
4. Define coal gasification.
Coal gasification is the process of producing syngasa mixture consisting
primarily
of methane (CH4) carbon
monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H2), carbon
dioxide (CO2) and water vapor (H2O)from coal and water, air and/or oxygen.
Historically, coal was gasified using early technology to produce coal gas (also
known as "town gas"), which is a combustible gas traditionally used for municipal
lighting and heating before the advent of industrial-scale production of natural gas.
5. Define solar energy.
Solar energy in the form of solar radiation that penetrates the earth the earths
atmosphere and reaches the surface differs in amount. Solar radiation radiations that
has absorbed or scattered and reaches the ground directly from the sun is called
Direct Radiation or Beam Radiation. Diffuse Radiation is that solar radiation
received from the sun after its direction has been changed by reflection and scattering
by the atmosphere.
6. What is meant by magneto hydrodynamic generator?
A magnetohydrodynamic
generator (MHD
generator)
is
a magnetohydrodynamic device
that
transforms thermal
energy and kinetic
energy into electricity. MHD generators are different from traditional electric
generators in that they operate at high temperatures without moving parts. MHD was
developed because the hot exhaust gas of an MHD generator can heat the boilers of
a steam power plant, increasing overall efficiency.
7. Define topping cycle and bottoming cycle.
The topping cycle, in which primary heat at the higher temperature end of the
Rankine cycleis used to generate high pressure and temperature steam and electricity
in the usual manner.
The bottoming cycle, in which primary heat is used at high temperature directly for
process requirements.
8. What are the types of cogeneration plants?
i. Combined cycle of gas turbine and steam power plant.
ii. Combined cycle of gas turbine and diesel power plant.

9. What is the necessity of demand forecasting?

Demand forecasting is the activity of estimating the quantity of a product or
service that consumers will purchase. Demand forecasting involves techniques
including both informal methods, such as educated guesses, and quantitative methods,
such as the use of historical sales data or current data from test markets. Demand
forecasting may be used in making pricing decisions, in assessing future capacity
requirements, or in making decisions on whether to enter a new market.
10. What are the types of Energy auditing?
i) Preliminary Audit
ii) Detailed Audit