The most common core beliefs I help people change tend to fall into the following 3

categories. These core beliefs commonly underlie depression and anxiety.

Helpless Core Beliefs
such as:
Im
Im
Im
Im
Im

incompetent
needy
weak
defective, I dont measure up
a failure

Unlovable Core Beliefs

such as:
Im
Im
Im
Im

unlovable
different
bound to be abandoned/rejected
defective, so others will not love me

Worthless Core Beliefs

such as
Im worthless
Im bad
Im evil
How to Begin Changing a Negative Core Belief
Step 1: Pick a new core belief that you would prefer.
For example, if your old belief is Im incompetent, you would likely pick Im
competent. Dont pick Im mostly competent or Im sometimes competent.
Step 2: Rate how much you currently believe the old negative core belief
on a scale of 0% (= I dont believe it at all) to 100% ( = I believe it
completely) and do the same for the new positive core belief.
For example, you might say you believe Im incompetent 95% and believe Im
competent 10% (the numbers dont need to add up to 100%).
Step 3: There are two types of negative core belief. Which type do you
have? (both can be changed)
One type is the very stable kind. For example, you believe you are incompetent and
you have never believed anything else, not even when you are in a positive mood.
The other type is the type that goes up and down with your mood, anxiety, and
stress. When your mood is low, you believe the negative core belief much more
strongly than when you mood is positive. If your negative core belief changes due to

transient things like your mood, anxiety, or stress, it can help you start to see that
the belief is a product of these things rather than true.
Step 4: The most useful goal is usually to work on strengthening the new
positive core belief rather than dismantling the old negative core belief.
Thoughts are funny things. The more you try to not think about something, the
more youll think about it, so trying to eliminate negative thoughts completely
doesnt work. Instead, when you experience the negative core belief, you can learn
to experience it as just a thought rather than as something that is true. Thanks,
Mind!
Step 5: Positive Data Log.
For 2 weeks, commit to writing down evidence that supports the NEW core belief.
For example, if you are trying to boost your belief in the thought Im competent
and you show up to an appointment on time, you can write that down as evidence.
Dont fall into the cognitive bias trap of discounting some of the evidence. For
example, if you make a mistake and then sort it out, this is evidence of competence,
not incompetence, so you could put this in your positive data log.
Step 6: Re-rate how much you believe the old and the new core beliefs.
Hopefully there will have been a little bit of change.
For example, you might now believe Im incompetent only 50% instead of 95%,
and believe Im competent 50% instead of 10%.
Youve probably had the negative core belief for a long time, so change usually
takes a period of a few months concerted work. Youre unlikely to be there yet.
Step 7. Tell Someone You Trust.
Tell someone you trust what the old belief is and the new one youre trying to
increase. This helps decrease shame.
If you have a partner, practice being able to let your partner know (in a self
responsible way) that your negative core belief is activated. For example, My
negative core belief that Im incompetent is activated right now, and thats why Im
feeling embarrassed or why Im avoiding. I just need a moment to figure out what
action right now would be consistent with my new core belief.
Step 8. An historical data test.
You can do this for either the old core belief, or the new core belief, or both.
Im going to direct you to the example in this pdf rather than reinvent the wheel
here. See column 2 of the page labelled page 275. The example is for the negative
core belief Im abnormal.
Step 9. Pick some other tools to try.

The pdf mentioned above has lots of other great examples of therapy techniques
used to help clients change core beliefs. Its designed for therapists but, if youre a
confident reader, you can read it too.
You might pay particular attention to the section on Constructing Continua Criteria
that starts on Page 271 and continues onto Page 272. This will help you develop
more flexible thinking.
Step 10. Where Did the Negative Core Belief Come From?
They usually come from childhood experiences. I might regret sharing this personal
example but here goes anyway Like I said anti-shame
For example, Im an introvert and as a kid I didnt like to go to other kids houses
after school. My Mum tried to explain that it might make it hard to have friends if I
kept refusing to come over to play, but I accidentally interpreted this as no one was
ever going to like me because Im an introvert. (I get wiped out by too much social
interaction, so I was completely over other people after a whole day at school.). My
Mum is the best Mum in the world, but shes not an introvert so she didnt
understand that I wasnt capable of more social interaction after school. I chose to
share this example because sometimes its not bad parenting that leads to
negative core beliefs, rather its more related to the childs temperament/sensitivity
and parent-child temperament fit.
You can use imagery role plays in which you replay these painful incidents from
childhood to help heal the wounds. Play both you and your parent, alternately. Set
up 2 chairs and switch chairs when youre in the different roles. When you are in the
parent role, say what your parent mightve said if theyd been able to completely
understand LITTLE YOU and give you exactly what you needed (without providing
any dishonest reassurance). Your parent should try to help LITTLE YOU understand
and accept your emotions. When youre in the child role, feel what it feels like to be
responded to in a useful way, allow yourself to soak it up.
This tends to be quite a hard exercise so you might need to do multiple takes of
your role play to figure out what would be a responsive but not dishonest thing for a
parent to say, or you might need a therapist to help you.
Step 11: Self monitor when you are OVERCOMPENSATING for the negative
core belief and choose more moderate behavior.
For example, keep a spreadsheet to record times when you observe that you are
overworking to try to compensate for the belief Im incompetent. Track how often
this happens over time and try to reduce the amount.
When you notice it happening, step back from your activity, and choose a more
moderate action. How would you be acting if you believed Im competent.?
Do this for 4-6 months. Patterns that youve had for a long time take more than 5
mins to change.
Step 12: Self monitor when you are SURRENDERING to the negative core
belief.

In psychology PhD-speak, this means when you are acting as if the negative core
belief were true. Related to the negative core belief Im incomptent, surrendering
might be not opening your VISA bill because you dont trust yourself to keep track
of your finances.
Behave how you want to feel. Behaving competent > feeling competent. Choose
moderate, reasonable, doable behavior. What would be the single next action/step
that a competent person would take? Try just thinking of the next step to help you
not feel overwhelmed by the negative core belief.
Again, use some type of self monitoring to record when you observe yourself
surrendering to the negative core belief, and try to reduce it over time. Think in
terms of 4-6 months of effort.
Step 13: Self monitor when you are AVOIDING situations or behaviors that
trigger the negative core belief.
For example, you might avoid taking positions of leadership or not seek help from a
professor on an essay, if doing so would trigger your Im incompetent beliefs.
Again, behave consistent with your new core belief. What would you do if you
believed Im as competent as other people.?
Step 14: If you notice your mood is low or your anxiety is high, ask
yourself How much am I BUYING my negative core belief right now? (0100%)
Buying/believing a negative core belief is different from HAVING a negative core
belief. You can have the experience of it, without believing it/buying it.
Asking yourself How much am I BUYING my negative core belief right now? (0100%) when your mood is low or your anxiety is high, can help you see low
mood/high anxiety as a product of believing your negative core beliefs.