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C O N T EN T S
Unit I
Page 3
Unit 2
Page 7
Unit 3
Page I I
Unit 4
Page t 5
Unit 5
Page t 9
Unit 6
Page 23
Unit 7
Page 27
Unit I
Page 3 |
Unit I
Page 35
Unit t 0
Page 40
Unit I I
Page 46
Unit l 2
Page 5 |
Unit I 3
Page 55
Unit t 4
Page 57
Unit l 5
Page 6l
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Compbnents:
ffi
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o V o c a b u l a r y F i l e s - L e v e l C l - T e a c h e r ' sB o o k - I S B N : 9 7 8 - l - 9 0 4 6 6 3 - 4 6 - l
o Vocabulary Files - Level C l- Student's Book - ISBN: 978-l-904663-45-4
Adjectives
showingcourage
An adventurous person looks for adventure.
A brave one is self-confidentin the presence of danger and ready to suffer pain.
A chivalrous man puts himselfin dangerfor the protection of others.
A bold one stands out and faces danger bravely.
A daring one defies any dangers.A fearlessperson shows no fear.
An intrepid person possessesunshakableneryes.
A courageous Personis more than brave,addinga moral element to his/herdeeds.
An audacious Personexhibitsa fearlessspirit, defianteven of law or decorum.
A gallant man is brave in a dashingand showy way.
A valiant Person not only facesgreat dangerssuccessfullybut also achievesgreat results.
EXgfCiSe
A > ) )
complete the table with the noun derivedfrom the correspondingadjective.
ADJECTIVES
adventurous
brave
chivalrous
bold
daring
NOUNS
ADJECTIVES
NOUNS
fearless
intrepid
courageous
audacious
gallant
valiant
E X g f C i Sg B >>)
R e a o i tre te xtbelowandchoosethecor r ectwor

d Dtofilthegaps .
A,BCor
CLOZE
ranklin
Delano
Roosevelt
lovedto travel,but not by air.A gregarious
manwho_
{l}
f
I thecompany
of otherpeople,
hepreferred
to go by railor ship,savouring
(zl
the_
andcomfortthatthesefamiliar
means
of transport
couldprovide
a President
of theUnited
Stateswith.Hisphysical
(3),moreover,
madeflyingdifficult;
theaircraftof thethirties
'l'min no
andearlyfortieswerenot
(4) to accommodate
persons
in wheelchairs.
'ThesoonerI get whereI'mgoing,
hurry,'
heonceexplained.
thesoonerpeople
willbewanting
something
fromme.'So,
whileRoosevelt
in
the
WhiteHouse
longer
thanany
{5)
President,
hemadeonlythreetripsby airduring
hisentiretimein office.
I
o ovoided
2 o leisure 3 o obstocle
b relished
b hordships b copocity
b done
b occupied
c looihed
c rush
c hindronce
c promoted
c resided
d recognized
d hossle
d hondicop
d thought
d prolonged
4 o designed
5 o evocuoled
Task
One
words in bold.
. detest
ond
E discomfort
suffering
tr dislike
a friendly
tr shy
E eminent
E whentheroinstops
a onopenbottle
I To relishmeonsto _
2 Hordshipscouse
3 To loqtheis to _
is _
4 A hostileottitude
is_
5 A boldperson
writeris
6 An illustrious
7 ln the event of roin meons
8 A skirmishis
9 An intriguingstoryis
I 0 A personwhodefiesthelow
'l
I A beouiythotcoptivotesyou_
'l2Ahindronceis
it.
you.
is_
I 3 Slockdiscipline
youngmonis
l4 An ingenious
is
l5 An illiteroteperson
TaskTwo
ADJECTIVES
.
a
.
E
interesting
obeys
foscinotes
whoiever
obstrucis
you
onddeloys
E hord
E clever
. educoted
tr like
ond
n odvontoges
opportunities
tr enloy
a unfriendly
. confident
fl imminenl
E incoseit roins
smoll
- o fightbetween
portsof ormies
I uninteresting
tr disobeys
I repulses
focilitotes
- whotever
things
foryou
. reloxed
n stupid
n
rrnnhlatn rond
What are the nouns derivedfrom the adjectiveslisted below?
NOUNS
ADJECTIVES
significant
cordial
hostile
wise
indecent
versatile
obscure
flexible
pious
tolerant
illiterate
defiant
NOUNS
TaskThree
A d i s e a s e d- s u f f e r i n g f r o m a d i s e a s e
d e c e a s e d- { p e r s o n )w h o h a s r e c e n t l y d i e d
Mr.Jonesis no longerat this telephone

number;
l,mafraidhe's
B locate- findthe position
of somebody
or something ()
l o c a l i z e - c o n fi n e t o a particularpart or area
lh trying to
ShorelineDrive on the map,but I can't find it.
luxurious- very rich and comfortable
Theirhouse was filled with
D eminent- distinguished
<)
luxuriant- abundantin vegetation
furnishings.
imminent- likely to happensoon

All the studentswere nervousabout the
exams
<+
ingenious- clever& skillful(n.ingenuity)

- not attemptingto deceiveor conceal;innocent(n.
ingenuous
ingenuousness)
Mark has come up with an
ptan to make a million dollars.
F capture- take a personor an animalprisoner
Thepirates managedto stop the ship and they
G reign- rule
captivate - fascinate
thecaptainand the crew.
rein- a long narrowstrap fastenedto the bridleof a horse

Sheled the horse by the
<+
- give an opinionon somethingor someone

H comment
Don'tyou wantto
on the politicalsituation?
()
- praise
commend
Task
Four
with the words in CApITAL letters.
A ILLUSTRIOUS
B MOROSE(for peopteJ
- anonymous
. disreputable
E overcast
tr gloomy
E eminent
E renowned
LJ SUilen
. moody
L] ODSCUTC
E renewed
I cordial
L-J ATTADIC
E prominent
. distinguished
. sulky
Ll grum
tr outstanding
X celebrated
L_irflenoty
E downcast
Li tmmtnent
tr reputed
tr amiable
E courteous
A. Read the text below and choose the correct word A, B C or D to fit the gaps.
Farfrombecoming
to theconsumer.
is of hugebenefit
shopping
. thatonline
Therecanbe no(11)........
poor
should
beware.
Gone
services
with
merchants
Overpriced
(12)
areverydemanding.
online
shoppers
.........
manufacget
for
shady
too,
whattheylikedfor goodsand awaywithit. Thesame,
arethedayswhenstorescouldcharge
online
they
andwhichdo not,because
havea good(131........ ..
knowwhichproducts
smarter
consumers
turers:
nowreadnoton|ythesa|es(14}.....'''''.''
wheretheycanlet theworldknow.Nowadays
willtakethemto places
pointed,
.. of themouse
a few(15).......
ontheinternet.
comments
thana floodof negative
moredamning
thereis nothing
theirbusiness
adjusting
arealready
Somecompanies
of thegame.
areahead
thebigboys,as always,
However,
aremorelikebrandshowrooms
for instance,
Thestoresrunby SonyandApple,
of thesetrends.
to takeaccount
models
staff.Whether
to knowledgeable
..
andto askquestions
to try out(16)...............
Theyaretherefor people
thanshops.
importance.
is of secondary
or offline
bought
online
areultimately
theproducts
a bookseller
frombeingprimarily
for one,is (17)................ turning
Amazon,
Online
tradersmustalsoadjust.
on its site,ratherlikea marketplace.
sellproducts
by lettingothercompanies
a (18)................. retailer
to becoming
States
in theUnited
electronics
Amazon's
salesof consumer
lastNovember,
weekend
America's
Thanksgiving
During
business
are
retail
in
the
history.
Other
transformations
in
its
for
first
time
sales
the
its
book
.................................
{19)
(20)......
..........
to follow.
11.A. query
12.A. complacent
13.A. distinction
14.A. bubble
15.A. taps
16.A. devices
17.A. mistakenly
18.A. mass
19.A. receded
20. A. tied
B. examination
B. dissatisfied
B. resolution
B. message
B. clucks
B. tools
B. rapidly
B. block
B. excluded
B. secured
C. question
C. competent
C. opinion
C. blare
C. clicks
C. emblems
C. unreasonably
C. lump
C. repressed
C. bound
D. proposal
D. compassionate
D. reputation
D. blurb
D. prods
D. schemes
D. secretly
D. chunk
D. exceeded
D. fastened
B. Fitt the gaps in the fottowingsentenceswith the correct answerA, B C or D.

t 0s. . . . . . . . . . . . .t .h ee p i d e m i c .
2 1 l t w a si m p e r a t i vf oer t h e a u t h o r i t i e
d define
c spreao
b localise
a succeeo
.
arestill..............
futile,
though
22Hisefforts,
d commendable
c pious
b intimidated
a refined
2 3 T o m ef r i e n d s hi si pa ( n.). . . . . . . . . . t. h. .i n g .
d obscure
c costly
b insignificant
a precrous
2 4 H ew a sr e s e r v ebdy n a t u r e ,v e n . . . . . . . . . ... . . .
d approachable
c amiable
b morose
a cordial
issues
of ourtimes.
is oneof the ,..,..........
resources
of theworld's
25 Misuse
d boiling
c firing
b heating
a burning
26 Thatwasanact of epic
d location
c valour
b price
a validity
gesture.
wasa smallbut.............,
ourcause
27WhaIhedidto support
d indecent
c obvious
b stout
a significant
was
on theisland
28 Thevegetation
d ingenious
c overcasl
b chivalrous
a exuberant
writersof fiction.
of contemporary
as themost
29 Hewasregarded
d imaginary
c extensive
b daring
a oense
for hisfailure.
to blamehisteachers
hadthe
30 Ronald
d audacity
c regard
b chivalry
a concern
Adjectives
denotingphysique
plump
fleshyor overweight
lanky
corpulent excessivelyfat
spindly
very thin, tall and ungraceful

/
long,thin, suggesting
weakness
obese
feeble
weak, lackingin muscularpower
delicate
easilyinjuredor easilymadeill
frail
delicate,usuallyin poor health
gaunt
thin, extremelyweal<,as though

from lack of food
sickly
often ill
bony
very thin, as thoughthe bones

show throughthe skin
skinny
very thin
decrepit
weak and in bad condition

from old age
senile
(connectedwith old age)

showingthe weaknessof the
body and especially
of the mind
medicallyvery overweight
muscular strongwith well-developed

muscles
stout
rather fat and heavyat the same

time
hefty
big and strong
husky
strongand powerfullybuilt
burly
largein body,bulkyand stout
virile
exhibitingphysicalstrengthand
sexualpower
sturdy
possessing
excellenthealth
and strength
robust
strong,healthywith stamina
EXefCiSe A> > )
Complete
thetablewiththe nounderivedfromthe corresponding
adjective.
ADJECTIVES
corpulent
ooese
virile
decrepit
Exercise
B>> >
STRONG
NOUNS
ADJECTIVES
stout
frail
senile
muscular
NOUNS
Make three lists of adjectives that come under the headings of:
FAT
TaskOne
to the word(s) in heavytype.
I Anex-convict
is o person
to bepunished
tr obout
tr whohosolreody
punishment
undergone
2 A soneindividuol
is
inmind
i heolthy
tr mod
3 A nokedperson
on
tr hoshisclothes
gothisclothes
on
n hosn't
4 Anenemy
thotcopitulotes
E surrenders
to thebitierend
- fights
5 People
whoobide by thelow
it
n observe
it
tr disregord
6 Anunscrupulous
mon
. is guidedby conscience
byconscience
E is notguided
7 A grocefulwomon
in movement
E is oitroctive
in movement
E is unottroclive
8 A friendstickingto hispromises
them
n keeps
them
tr breoks
9 A bluntperson
polite
tr is invoriobly
tokethetrouble
n doesn't
to bepolite
forwomen
E monostery
tr school
'10
wordfor
A conventis onother
TaskTwo
ADJECTIVES
chivalrous
NOUNS
ADJECTIVES
notorious
treacherous
poor
loyal
prosperous
persistent
royal
noble
sane
cruel
fit
NOUNS
TaskThree
A
- very difficultto stop or control

compulsive
compulsory- somethingthat must be doneeither by rules,laws,etc
A visionfesf rs
whenyou are applyingfor a driver'slicense.
p l u m p- s l i g h t l yf a t
plumber-sb who fixes or installswater pipes,radiators,showers,etc.
AlthoughSharonis a bit
she still seemsfit and healthv.
stout - rather fat and heavy

stately- impressiveand dignified
Whodoyou suppose
livesin that
mansion?
i n h i g hs p i r i t s- c h e e r f ual n d h a p p y
in low spirits- rather depressed
Jasonwas
for weeksafter crashinghiscar.
capitulate- surrenderon statedconditions;

cometo terms with the enemyand surrender
recapitulate- go throughthe main points
Canyouplease
that for.me;lh not sureI understood.
vow - swearsolemnlythat one will do something

avow- admit or declareopenly
Willyou
to stop smokingif I stop eatingchocolate?
curtail - cut down/back on; reduce

entail - makesomethingnecessary;
involve
Don'tagreeto takeon thejob untityou are surewhatit
TaskFour
with the words in CApITAL tetters.
A CHIVALROUS
tr
tr
tr
E
tr
corpulent
gallant
courteous
courageous
blunt
robust
honorable
double-faced
B TREACHEROUS
tr
n
I
.
I
tr
f
.
false
disloyal
faithful
trustworthy
dependable
deceitful
underhand
reliable
A. Readthe text belowandchoosethecorrectword A, B C or D to fit thegaps.

a
30 timesfasterthanthetimewhentheEarthexperienced
gasesarebeingreleased
intotheatmosphere
Greenhouse
(12)...'.........
now'
are
being
methane
and
dioxide
therateat whichcarbon
A studycomparing
(11)..........
of globalwarming.
episode
release.
of
in
the
speed
differences
dramatic
has
found
global
also
occurred,
yearsagowhen
warming
to 55 million
compared
buildup
of
SantaCruz,saidthespeedof thepresent
of California,
professor
at theUniversity
of earthsciences
Zachos,
James
that
.. of thedinosaurs.
"Theemissions
afterthe(13)...........
warming
gasesis far greater
theglobal
thanduring
greenhouse
for
Association
years,"
toldtheAmerican
Zachos
Professor
probably
lasted10,000
warming
of global
thispastepisode
caused
the
amount
over
same
emit
the
likely
to
we
are
fuels,
fossil
in St.Louis.
"Byburning
at a meeting
of Science
theAdvancement
past{14)................
climate
theEarth's
eventsin thegeological
of globalwarming
thatstudies
Hewarned
nextthreecenturies."
- vicious
of warming.
circles
feedbacks
withthehelpof positive
accelerates
change
passes
whichclimate
beyond
a (15) ............
maximum,
thermal
as thepalaeocene-eocene
professor
known
warming
(16). ........
of global
on theepisode
is a leading
Zachos
and
methane.
dioxide
of
carbon
release
by up to 5oCdueto a massive
globaltemperatures
increased
whenaverage
theatmosentered
tonsof carbon
at thistimethatabout4.5billion
.. suggests
intothedeepocean(17).......
Hisresearch
emisfromcarsandindustrial
intotheatmosphere
of carbonreleased
years."Thiswillbe the sameamount
phereover10,000
andnaturally
suddenly
carboncanbe released
he said.Although
... continue",
sionsoverthenext300yearsif present(18).....,...
permanently
by natural
of yearsfor it to be removed
it iakesmanythousands
activity,
fromvolcanic
intotheatmosphere
(20)........."...
(19)................
easily
can
be
quickly,
natural
this
' whichis
but
and
processes.
carbon,
of removing
Theoceanis capable
dioxide
comes
years
carbon
atmospheric
before
of
years
of
ihousands
tens
will
take
ago.
probably
million
"lt
55
whathappened
fossilfuels,theeffectswillbe long-lasting."
stopburning
afterhumans
said."Even
theprofessor
levels,"
downto preindustrial
11.A. prearranged
12.A. emitted
B. premier
B. exhaled
C. previous
C. incorporated
D. fundamental
D. digested
13.A. dementia
i.4.A. comment
B. demolition
C. detachment
C. qompliment
D. demise
B. mark
B. verge
D. indicate
D. perimeter
B. authority
C. threshold
C. administrator
17.A. dusts
18.A. trends
B. sediments
B. gadgets
C. dirt
C. fads
19.A. capacity
B. competence
C. intelligence
D. bulk
20. A. overcharged
B. overstated
C. overshadowed
D. overwhelmed
15.A. barricade
16.A. autocrat
D. proprietor
D. powder
D. crazes
B. Fitt the gaps in the fottowing sentences with the correct answer A, B C or D.
is a real healthhazard.
2]-..........,..
c Animosity
b Sturdiness
a Stupidity
.
by ...'..........
affected
increasingly
22 Theoldladywasbecoming
c virility
b masculinity
a senility
themanager.
invariably
exasperated
excuses
23 His
c robust
b frail
a feeble
butI amnotstupideither.
to be a genius
24 I don't
c compare
b agree
a permit
to yourhealth.
canbe
25 Smoking
c detrimental
b harmless
a delightful
prices
power
rise.
when
theirspending
26 People
c Prolong
b curtail
a increase
thelaw.
anoutlawby ..............
27 Hebecame
c stickingto
b observing
a defying
punishable
offense.
is a
28 .......,......
c Jogging
b Poaching
a Hunting
younglady.
..............
wasa beautiful,
29 Marian
c slender
b gaunt
a corpulent
andunscrupulous.
30 Don'ttrusthim;he'scruel,
c treacherous
b
slack
a loving
d 0besity
d chivalry
d wealthy
d claim
d indifferent
d think
by
d abiding
d Boxing
d bony
d trustworthy
Prevent
stop someonefrom doingsomethingor something
hinder
make more difficult for someoneto do somethingor for somethingto happen

e.g.A snowstormmoy prevento train from running.(the troin doesnot run at oll)
or A snowstormmay hinder the troin from orrivingon time.
(the train hasactuallyrun and arrived at its destination)
You can equallypreventthe enemyfrom invodingyourcountry,or
hinderthe morchof on enemy,though you may not haveenoughforce to oppose it.
obstruct
stop someoneor somethingfrom moving forward by blockingtheir path

e.g. The rood is obstructedby follen trees.
inhibit
make someoneunableto expressthemselvesfreely

e.g.Her presenceinhibitedme from soyingwhot I wontedto.
stem
stop the flow or spreadof something(usuallyliquid)

e.g.Potpressureon the woundso os to stem the flow of blood.
Theybelievedthey had a duty to stem the odvonceofthe new sect.
prohibit
forbid someonefrom doing something (usuallyby law or regulation)

e.g. Smokingis strictlyprohibited.
hamper
to make movement difficult

e.g. The long tight dresshamperedher movements.
EXefCiSe A > > )
ritt in the blanksin the followingsentences

withthe appropriate
word
from the list above. You may use the same word more than once.
1 Theadvance
of therescue
teamwasseriousrv
by thesnowstorm.
2 Thiscountry
hasa law
youngpeople
frommarrying
beforetheycomeof age.
3 Theterrible
head-on
collision
of thetrucks
trafficon themotorway
for several
hours.
4 Hislisp
himfromspeaking
freely.
5 Hertightskirt
herfreemovement.
6 Thechiefof policestressed
theimportance
of
theinflowof illegal
drugsintothecity.
by bureaucracy.
7 Business
expansion
is often
8To
thecourse
of justiceby withholding
penaloffense.
information
is a serious
9 Thedoctortried to
10 Hispresence
1l Herlongillness
EXgfCiSg
thehemorrhage.
mefromsaying
whatI wanted
to.
herprogress
at school.
B > > ) Completethe table belowwith the correctform of the words that are missing.
VERB
prevenl
ADJECTIVE
hinder
obstructive
inhibiting
prohibitive
NOUN
TaskOne>> >
Tick the one word or phrasethat is closestin meaning

to the word(s) in heavytype.
2 Toconveyonideois
through
to hisiniuries a pulls
a succumbs
it
tr to mokeit known
a to prohibit
3 A boulderis o
rocK
E lorge
a smollrock
fighting
4 TheInfontryis soldiers
a onhorsebock
institution
E mentol
E onfoot
n prison
driver
I A fotollyinjured
is o
5 A penitentiory
yourestroinyouronger,
7 When
n mild
E severe
lt
control 5 youincreose
a youkeepit under
is
8 Whotis irksome
E onnoying
theyoretoken
istoken
coptive,
somebody
9 When
5 coreof
tr stoyputintheiob
is
6 A horshpunishment
they
driftsfromoneiobto onother,
somebody
l0 When
I exciting
. prsoner
tr oftenchonge
;obs
TaskTwo
'this'.
of sentencesinto one by omitting
Each new sentenceshould includethe noun derivedfrom ihe word in heavytype.
I seeyou are unable to do theiob. Thiscan't be overlooked.
Example:
Your inability to do the job can't be overlooked.
Answer:
hermovements.
I Thelodywosobese.Thishompered
expenditure.
unnecessory
Thisledto iheirovoiding
2 Theyscrutinisedtheproposition.
him
for meto understond
Thismodeit difficult
3 Hislispimpedeshisspeech.
4 Theiudgeis importiol.Thisis knownto everybody.
Ihis modeus shudder.
5 Theydisclosedtheirintentions.
present.
everyone
wcsprofound.
Thisostonished
6 Hisknowledge
Thiscon'tbe denied.
7 Heis ingenious.
Thistookme by surprise.
8 Hedeportedunexpectedly.
to helping
us.Thiswoso greotrelief
9 Hecommittedhimself
oursympothy
wereutierly
destitute.
Thisoroused
I 0 Thepeople
Task
Three
A
flavour(n)- distinctivetaste;specialqualityor characteristic

savour(v) - enjoythe tasteor smellof sth
Youcouldn'tpossibly
your food whenyou eat so fast!
i n h i b i t- m a k es o m e b o d u
y n a b l eo r u n w i l l i n gt o e x p r e s sh i s / h e rf e e l i n g s
p r o h i b i t- f o r b i db y l a w o r r e g u l a t i o n
Hisdoctor
himfrom drinkingalcohol.
i m p l i c i t- s u g g e s t e rda t h e rt h a n p l a i n l ys t a t e d
e x p l i c i t- c l e a r l ya n df u l l y e x p r e s s e d
She didn'tgive
instructions,
so sheshouldn't
be angrywithyou for doingit wrong.
s u p e r f i c i a-l not thoroughor profound
s u p e r f l u o u-smore than neededor wanted
It is
to judge people by the clothes they wear.
pathetic - causingone to feel sympathy
apathetic- showinga lack of interestin matters
Gregoryhasbeen
sincehe lost hisjob;he doesn'tseemto wantto do anything.
a p p r e h e n-d ( l e g a l a
) r r e s t ,s e i z e
- understand
comprehend
fully
I cannot
whatcausedher to act that wav.
statute- written law
stature- a person'sbody height
Although
Janeis smallin
shehasa commanding
personality.
induce- persuadeor influence

deduce- reacha conclusionby reasoning
Nothingcould
himto moveto thecity.
Task
Four
Each word in heavytype is wrong and requiresreplacement.

Choose words from the box, and put them in the blanks.
popular
humane
illicil
pr0ne
stalionery
inferred
ingenious
access0ry
urban
descent
l. I impliedfromwhathesaidthathewasin favorof my proposa,.

2 lt should
be thedutyof allof us to workfor a morehumanandcivilized
societv.
3 People
withfairskinaredroneto skincancer.
4 Themanin thecourthouse
wasontrialfor elicit smuggling
of drugs.
5 Thepoliceheldthefirmbeliefthatthesuspect
wasanaccessto thecrime.
6 Hewrotea populousbookandroseto fame.
7 Thedissentof themountain
proved
difficult.
8 Weusually
buystationaryin bulkfor officeuse.
9 He'sa versatile
andingenuous
man.
10 Nowadays
moreandmorepeople
moveto urbaneareas.
perhaps
many
having
thatwealthdoesnotinvolve
liesin therecognition
desires
andexpectations
A solution
to (1U................
we
Everytimewe seeksomething
lt is relative
to desire.
whatwe longfor.Wealth
is notanabsolute.
lt involves
having
things.
withwhatwe have,we canbe
Andeverytimewe feelsatisfied
whatever
ourresources.
cannotafford,we growpoorer,
or
richer:
to givethemmoremoney
rich,however
littlewe mayactually
own.Therearetwo waysto makepeople
112]r...............as
inflaming
at thefirstoptionbut,by continuously
Modern
societies
havesucceeded
spectacularly
to (13)................
theirdesires.
achievements.
to negatea shareof theirmostimpressive
appetites,
theyhaveat thesametimehelped
- praciilt canbe to (14)................
ourselves
Themosteffeciivewayto feelwealthymaynot be to try to makemoremoney.
us.
Rather
than
irying
to
who
has
become
richer
than
be
our
equal
and
from
anyone
we
both
consider
to
callyandemotionally
(15)................
next
whom
our
own
companions
to
around
us
smaller
fish,
we
should
concentrate
our
energies
on
become
bigger
provide
incomes,
theyappear
to make
uswithhistorically
elevated
us.Inso far as advanced
societies
sizewillnot(16)................
by
fostering
unlimited
expectations,
may
be
us
because,
But,
in
net
effect
of
these
societies
to
us richer.
truth,the
{17)................
gapbetween
whowe areandwhowe mightbe.The
whatwewantandwhatwe canafford,
theykeepopena permanent
(181........,..
paid
feeling
thatwe aref ar from
much
more
ancestors
is
thepermanent
we have for expecting
to be so
thanour
papers
programmes
Nomatterwhatthe
what
we
watch.
and
be carefulwhatwe readin the
beingallwe mightbe.Weshould
goals
(191................
to
intoa
in our
andnot allowourselves be {20)................
at us,we mustremainrealistic
andexpectations
media
Iifeof materialism.
11.A. coiling
12.A. counted
13.A. refer
14.A. dispute
15.A. gathering
16.A. b.rood
17.A. redeem
18.A. fee
19.A. sends
20. A. liberated
B. curving
B. added
B. reassure
B. vary
B. heaping
B. fret
B. impoverish
B. price
B. delivers
B. quarantined
C. spiralling
C. thought
C. recline
C. single
C. loading
C. trouble
G. enrich
C. fund
C. exploits
C. brainwashed
D. revolving
D. accounted
D. restrain
D. distance
D. distributing
D. console
D. augment
D. charge
D. throws
D. investigated
B. Fill the gaps in the following sentences with the correct answer A, B C or D.
2L Manypoetshave
thebeauties
of thecountryside.
d inhibited
c excited
a extolled
b feared
22 Hopes
themissing
climbers
arenowbeginning
to ..............
of f inding
d fade
b faint
c dim
a reduce
training
before
23 Theteam'scoachinsisted
on a program
of ..............
thebiggame.
d positive
b slack
c severe
a ngorous
butin Switzerland
thevare
24 Pricesat Greekhotelsarestillaffordable,
b inaccessible
c reasonable d exorbitant
a moderate
for several
hours.
25 Thecrash..............
themotorwav
b hindered
c obstructed d inhibited
a prevented
he..............
drinking.
26 Afterhiswife'sdeath,
b cameto
c heldto
d tookto
a got to
wasa ..............
disease.
27 Theplague,
known
as theBlackDeath,
otherwise
c contingent d congenial
a contagious
b contiguous
presence
in the
28 Theyoungmanfelt ..............
of so manyyoungladies.
b hindered
c inhibited
d prohibited
a inhospitable
froma serious
soeech
29 lt wasobvious
thatthechildsuffered
c inhibition d hindrance
a handicap
b impediment
himat work.
30 Hisheavyboots
b stemmed
c repelled
d compelled
a hampered
abolish
do awaywith, put an end to a
systemor Practiceby law
eradicate
makesomethingdisappearcompletelyby destroyingit
Thedeathpenaltyhasstill not beenabolished
in somestates. Theproblem
of absenteeism
willnever
betotally
eradicated
Mte: Ihe low obolishes
or you obolishsomething
by
fromschools.
Iow,but you con't obolishthe low.
Many
dreadful
diseases
havebeen
eradicated.
repeal
put an end to a law
Incometax legislation
will neverbe repealed.
annul
declareofficiallythat somethingis
invalidand no longerexists
Thecontract
hasbeen
annulled.
revol(e
take backsomething
so
- granted
that it is no longerlegalor official
Hisdrivinglicense(diploma,
order)was revoked.
recall
sendsomebodybackor order
somebodyto return especiallyif they havebeen
worKrngaDroao
TheGreek
Ambassador
to Mozambique
wasrecalleo
some
timeago.
Note: We RECALL
o rnessenger,
on
ombossodor,
but we REVOKE
on order.
EXefCiSg A > > >
exterminate destroysomebodyor something

completelyby killingthem
Thelocaltribes
wereexterminated
bytheinvading
army.
Notej lndividuqls
or-esoidto be bonished,expelled,
destroyed.Rocesof people,onimolsor insectscon
be exterminoted.
annihilate
destroya placeor a group of
peopleby usingweapons,bombs,etc.
Manis inpossession
of suchsophisticated
weaponrv
thathe
could
annrhilate
theentire
human
race.
decimate
destroya largepart of a whole
(but not the whole loi, as in eiterminateor annihilate)
Disease
andmalnutrition
haddecimated
thelocalpopulation.
Fillin the blanksin the followingsentences

withthe appropriate
word
from the list above.
1 Thegovernment
decidedto
allanti-discrimination
laws.
2 Thegovernment
its ambassador
whenwarwasdeclared.
3 Manytropical
diseases
havestillnotbeensuccessfullv
4 Slavery
was
in England
in the 19thcentury.
5 Drink
driving
maybethecause
yourdriving
for having
license
6 Hisjobwasto
ratsandmice.
7 Thecityhadbeenvirtually
8 BlackDeath
by theenemy
air-raids.
population
Europe's
in iheMiddle
Ages.
9 Theyare no longerlegallymarried.
Theirmarrrage
was
E X e f C i Sg B >>)
threedaysaftertheceremony.
n e a o th e te xtbelowandchoosethecor r ectwor
d Dtofitthegaps .
A,BGor
Human
lifeis influenced
by climate.
Whatmaneatsandwears,
howhelivesandearnshis_.2];,
-(1)
alldepend
to someextenton climate.
Inhot,humid
central
Africa,
foodis _(3)
buttheclimate
drains
man'senergies.
In extremely
coldnorthern
Alaska,
wherefoodcannotbecultivated,
people
depend
upon
hunting
andfishing
survive.
A drasticchange
in climate
hassometimes
-t4)
contributeO
ttre
_{5)
migration
of largegroupsof people,
whothenintroduce
theirwayof lifeintootherregions.
I o reosonobly
2 o livelihood
3 o obound
4 o in orderto
5 oin
b especiolly
b liveliness
b obundonce
bsoos
bio
c considerobly
c livestock
c obondoned
c so thot
cot
d highly
d live
d obundont
d for lo
d for
TaskOne
in heavy type.
tr solicii
on
tr hoshisclothes
tr elicit
on
E hosnocloihes
4 A derogotory
remork
one
E onunimportont
respecl
E shows
one
E onimportont
E showsnorespect
5 When
is nullifiedit is declored
o morrioge
tr volid
6 Aninvolidiso
| | cnDDle
tr involid
person
- heolthy
7 A lowsuitis o
E newsuitof clothes
- oroise
E courtcose
tr brief
f"']ordinorv
I Another
forbeseech
is
synonym
going
2 A person
obout
inthenude
3 A meredetoil
is
is to
8 To bonishsomebodv
him.
9 An occurote
is
ondsuccinctoccount
l0 A divinebeouty
is
I I Anero is o _
periodof time.
f''] lono
Ll exlle
lengthy
. extroordinory
I short
TaskTwo
cute - delightfullypretty and often small
acute- sharp;penetrating
A|thoughtheirvisionispoor,batshavea(n)-senseofhearing.
fierce- violent;very great or strong
pierce- makea holethroughsomethingwith a pointeditem
Thebattlefor thecastlewas
existingfrom birth
congenital- (of a disease)
congenial- pleasantin agreementwith one'staste
JackandMaryhada-conversationabouttheirho|idayp|ans.
contagious- (of disease|spreadingby contact
c o n t i g u o u-st o u c h i n go r n e i g h b o r i n g
yourhands
frequently
is thebestwayto avoidcatching
Washing
illnesses.
snag- any sort of difficultyor obstacle

snug- cozy,warm and comfortable
cottageoutside
thevillage.
livedin a small,
Theelderly
couple
offensive
obscene- morallydisgusting;
obscure- not clearlyseenor understood;
unknown
paintings
famous
by Picasso
andMonetas wellas worksby more
Themuseum
houses
artists.
l:#J+!Hr;###i*#f#:i,:l;:ir,r
I Thisis o frequentoccurrence.
2 Hisintelligence
wosremorkoble.
3 Shehosmyfull support.
youbeso kindosto showmethewovto thestolion?
4 Would
5 lt is notpossiblefor meto sleepin o filthyplocelikethis.
6 Despile
hisseriousiniury,
hemonoged
lo gethome.
7 Theformolity
of hisbehovior
wosobsurd.
8 Sheshowedon uncommonintereslin lhe newdevice.
9 There
hosbeeno consideroble
risein priceslotely.
l0 Heis bod ot moth
Task
Four
there's
no
himbeing
you
meeting
would
beon
mighlas
alone
action
istaken
really
want
wenlto
can(either)
I 'Whydon'tyoutrodeinyouroldcorfor o newone?'
'l con'toffordo newsuit
of clothes,
let
0 newcor.'
'The
2
firsttimewe metwosshortly
ofterC hristmos
2009.'
'l'msorry,
butI con'lremember
before.'
3 Inflotion
will neverbe broughtundercontrolunless
immediote
4 I hoveto go lo Boslontomorrow,
bul I don't
'Whot's
'Well,
5
becomeof Joseph?'
l'vehodsomebodnewsof
6 Thot'stherestouront
we
bythegovernmenl.
TO.
firedbythecompony.'
during
ourholidoy
7 I con'thelpyouondI don'tthinkonyone
else
8 I regretleoving
mylostiob.I
'Wouldyou
9
likelo go homenow?'
o reollygoodsolory
if l'dstoyed.
'l
well,sincemywork'sdone.'
'lnflotion'gnows
r0
of ourincome
moreondmoreeverydoy.' 'Exoctly,
denying
thefoct.'
A. Read the text below and choosethe correct word A, B C or D to fit the gaps.
thearid
people,
andgoats.Though
livingby,withandoff theirflocksof sheep
andpastoral
area peaceful
TheNavajo
- goodfor grazing
haveone
life,mostof thefamilies
nomadic
only'forcesthemto (111..........a
of theircountry
character
women
weave
etc.TheNavajo
melons,
oats,alfalfa
generally
wheretheyraisecorn,beans,
valley,
in a well-watered
mainhome,
whilst
a
number
execution,
and
careful
variety
of
design,
beauty
and
durability,
for their
Navajo
blankets,
therenown
{121................
outof
of rarebeauty,
ringsandbuttons
wristlets,
belts,bracelets,
making
silvernecklaces,
of menarecleversilversmiths,
(13)...............
to
reticent
disposition
Theyhavelittleof thesullen,
beenself-sufficient.
Theyhavealways
silverdollars.
Mexican
government
is
no chiefoverthe
there
is democratic;
Their
generally,
hospitable
andindustrious.
friendly,
andarecheerful,
Indians
upontheirperwhosepower(141. .. largely
authority,
andill-defined
wholetribe,andtheirlocalchiefsaremenof temporary
justice.
into
about
58
clans
or gentes,
is
divided
The
tribe
for
wisdom
and
reputation
and
their
their
eloquence
influence,
sonal
withtheneighbouring
butespecially
Utes,Apaches,
withMexicans,
grouped
Marriages
or nuclear
clans.
original
underseveral
As a
for a number
of clans.
intothetribe,areresponsible
adopted
andeventually
or enslaved
whowerecaptured
Pueblo
Indians
Navajo
type.Everyvarietyof formandfigurecanbefoundamong
(15).........
or a prevailing
likea pronounced
. thereis nothing
areprevalent.
anddivorce
occursearlyin lifeandpolygamy
them.Marriage
ceremonies,
someof
dances,
sacrifices,
sandpainting,
in chants,
worship,
expressed
systemof pagan
Theelaborate
being,
their
(16)................
of onesupreme
Though
theyhavenoconception
veryreligious.
whichlastninedays,maketheNavajo
to them,they
andhellbeinguknown
Theideasof heaven
democratic.
andstrikingly
arenumerous
deities
anthropomorphous
in
believers
Theyare{181...............
(17) ......of a life of happiness
withthepeople
of thelowerworlds.
in a hereafter
believe
occult
andby various
influences
of enemies,
by malign
by evilbeings,
to becaused
Diseases
arethought
theirfaithsystem.
partof theirreligion.
ceremonies
and
Theirsuperstitions,
anintegral
magical
andconstitute
Theirremedies
arelargely
agencies.
influence
among
menwho(19)...... a powerful
largenumber
of medicine
keptaliveby anextraordinarily
arediligently
customs
to Christianity.
havebeen(2()1................
fewNavajo
sincetheearly1600s,
theNavajo
havelivedamong
missionaries
them.Though
11.A. hold
12.A. notorious
13.A. attributed
14.A. reckons
15.A. connection
16.A. assume
17.A. containing
18.A. flimsy
19.A. wield
20. A. converted
B. lead
B. famous
B. contributed
B. determines
B. sequel
B. arise
B. incorporating
B. firm
B. hang
B. exchanged
C. serve
C. conspicuous
C. donated
C. trusts
C. consequence
C. appear
C. blending
C. drastic
C. fetch
C. confessed
D. escort
D. obscure
D. blamed
D. depends
D. condition
D. apply
D. consisting
D. obstinate
D. process
D. modified
B. Fill the gaps in the following sentences with the correct answer A, B C or D'
to enterthecompetition.
d promised
c legible
b enabled
a eligible
acrosstheroad.
by a childrunning
was_
22Thedriver's
attention
c distracted d destroved
b disturbed
a deterred
onwhathesays.
23 He'stoldus so manyliesthatwe no longerplaceany
c orediction d reputation
b reliance
a convrcilon
grounds
of drinkdriving.
on the
license
hasbeen
24 Hisdriving
d recalled
c nullified
b revoked
a repealed
thewholeAct oncetheycametntopower.
of
declared
theirintention
25 TheConservatives
21 Children
undertheageof 16arenot
d repealing
c impelling
b repelling
a repulsing
problem
petty
been
of
crimehaslargely
26 The
c eradicated d decrmated
b
exterminated
a annihilated
eye.Youhaveto usea microscope.
27 Bacleria
can'tbe seenby the_
d mere
c oare
b naked
a nuoe
police
for lyingto a
officer
liar.Shewasevenarrested
28 Maryis a(n)_
physical
d
abnormal
c
narve
b congenital
a
wentoff withouta
29 Fortunately,
everything
c alternative d hitch
b solution
a nope
or not;that'shis
whether
theprisoner
willdecide
to release
30 ThePrimeMinister
prerogative
c abdication d humanitv
b derogatory
a
acid
unkindor critical
sour
havingor showinga bad temper/

disagreeable
in manner
bitter
hard to accept,usuallyusedto express

a feelingof disappointment/extremely
cold
caustic sarcastic
tart
sharpin manner
harsh
severe,cruel, unsympathetic
cutting hurtful
biting sharplycriticaland is often causedby
angeror dislike
Exercise
A
1 Therewaslittleprotection
against
the_
wind.
a bitter
b powerless
c sour
2 lt is sometimes
verydifficult
to appreciate
his
wit.
a caustic
b nieve
c frail
just
3 Josh's
irony
is
a
means
of making
himfeelsuperior.
_
a decrepit
b intrepid
c cutting
4 Theprofessor,
wearyandincreasingly
in
mood,
walked
intotheauditorium.
_
a valiant
b biting
c sour
5 I'msurethathisremarks
andsarcasm
werea resultof yourownhostile
behavror
towards
him.
a biting
b genile
c roousr
6 I haveoftenfelt hurtby her
humor.
a annihilating
b acid
c courageous
7 Her_
replyleft us shocked
at herinsolent
behaviour.
a hefty
b delicate
c tart
8 lt hasoftenbeenfoundthat
punishment
in manycasesprovesto bedetrimental
rather
thanbeneficial.
a caustic
b cutting
c harsh
9 Failing
theirsenior
classwasa
disappointment
for manysiudents.
a gallant
b feeble
c bitter
10 Shewasoftenreduced
to tearsbv hertutor's_
remarKs.
a harsh
b gaunt
c luxuriant
Exercise
B
I She'sthe
2 She'sa
Put the correctword in the sentencesbelow using

the correspondingwords on the right.
headof the company.
youngwoman.
VIRTUAL- VIRTUOUS
3 Shewasratherlargeand
4 Her
courage
inspired
us all.
UNFAILING- UNGAINLY
5 Don'ttouchthesetools!They're
notyour
6 Marybehaves
withperfect
P R O P E R T- YP R O P R I E T Y
7 Helivesin
8 Daffodils
are
- PERPETUAL
PERENNIAL
9He
10 Thetruthis thathe
fear of beingdiscovered.
plants.
hisrarecollection
of oldcoins.
thechallenge
of competition.R E L I S H E- SC H E R I S H E S
11Hewasneither
happynor
12Hisbehaviour
at thepartywasmost
aboutwhat happened.
- REGRETTABLE
REGRETFUL
TaskOne
1 A profitoblebusiness
_ .
work.
2 lobor is veryis-.
forsloughter
synonym
3 Another
of debtoris_ .
4 Theopposite
isto_ somebody.
5 Toenslove
you_
youinitiotedirect
tolkswithsomebody,
6 When
society
7 A benevolent
_ theneedy.
corsoresuperseded
oldfoshioned
8 When
cors
bycotolytic
E
tr
tr
tr
a
them..
tr
o profit
mokes
hord
sloy
credible
subiugote
stort
helps
.
E
tr
E
tr
E
noprofit
mokes
eosy
prey
creditor
irritote
terminote
lgnores
toke
tokethe tr thelotter
n lheformer
ploce
ploce
of theformer
of thelotter
the
feud between
two people
9 Whenlhere'so longstonding
it meonslhotthey_
- oreongoodterms
tr hoteeochother
Two
Task
w a r y - b e carefulaboutsomething weary - extremelytired
He'sbeen
of dogssincehe wasbitten.
B s t i n g i n g- b i t t e r ,u n k i n d( ) s t r i n g e n(t o f rules)severe
requirements.
Thejob advertisementlisted many
C renovate- repairand returnto goodcondition() innovate- introducesomethingnew;makechanges

It is a great dealof workto
a house.
i m p l i c i t- n o t d i r e c t l ye x p r e s s e(d) e x p l i c i t- c l e a r l ya n df u l l y e x p r e s s e d
It is
thatyou willdressup if yougo to a wedding.
position (" s t a t u t e - a w r i t t e n l a w
status- a person'ssocial,legal or professional
Somepeoplefeelthat a newcar canincreasetheir
o r f i n d i n ga u s ef o r s o m e t h i n g
u t i l i t y - u s e f u l n e s s( ) u t i l i s a t i o n- m a k i n gu s eo f s o m e t h i n g
Theefficient
of timeis an importantskillto learn.
TaskThree
derived,from the words in bold.
Example:Theypredicted the resu/fsamazinglyaccurately.

Answer:TheirPREDICTION
of the resu/fswas amazinglyaccurate.
1 Wecan'teasily
dispose
of nuclear
waste.
2 Without
a doubthewasdevotedto hiswife.
3 Thesupplies
wereinadequate.
Thisresulted
in thefailure
of iheexpedition.
4 Thatit wasaninsanenotion
needed
noquestioning.
present.
5 Hisinept remark
exasperated
everybody
6 Weshould
dulyemphasize
howimmediatetheproblem
is.
7 Theydeferredpayment
dueto lackof funds.
8 Youcan'ttakeherfrivolousremark
seriouslv.
9 Heactedastonishingly
fast.
10 Thelackof booksimpoverishes
us intellectually.
Task
Four
1 'Yourfatherlooksbusy,doesn't
he?'
'How
2
badlywasthecardamaged?'
'He'sworking
'Thedamage
3'Do youknowhim?' 'Wedo knowhim

4 'Howsoonwillthenewmodelbe available?'
a newbook;hisautobiography,
actually.'
it wasterrible.'
sighi,youmightsay,butnotverywell.'
'lt willbe
salefromnextmonthon.'
'Thescissors!
5 'Whatareyoulooking
for?'
Whathaveyoudone
'Shall
'No,
6
I driveyouto theairport?'
thanks,
I'drathergo_
'Theycanaffordto; they're
7 'Theydresswell,don'tthey?'
well
'Why
8
aretheydemolishing
thefrontof thebuilding?'
them?'
mycar.'
, youknow.'
'They're
making
theground
floorflat intoa shop,I think.'
'Could
'Holdona moment.
please?'
9
I speak
to Dr.Jenkins,
l'llputyou
'Do
10
I standa chance
of passing
theexam,sir?'
'Youdo!Putyourbestfoot forwardanddon'tlet me
to him.'
priceswhile
As petrolpricescontinue
for waysto reduce
to (11)................
arelooking
the(12) ....of higher
, manypeople
(13)................
whichwillsaveyoua
stilldoingthedriving
necessary
to theirworkandotheractivities.
aresomesuggestions
(14)................
amount
of money
on petrol.
1.Askyourself
Everymileyoudrive
everytimeyout15)..
to useyourcar,truck,SUV,or van,"lsthistripreallynecessary?"
yourvehicle
willcostyouat leastan(16)................
of 36 cents.lf thetripis notnecessary,
thinktwicebeforeusingyourvehicle.
get about20 per2. Driveat a .171................
speedonthemotorway.
According
mostautomobiles
to theDepartment
of Energy,
centmoremilespergallon
on themotorway
at 55 milesperhourthantheydo at 70 milesperhour.
(18)................
generally,
get betterpetrol
3. Consider
anautomobile
whichgetsthebestpetrolmileage.
Forexample,
thefollowing
mileage:
lighterweightvehicles,
vehicles
withsmaller
engines,
vehicles
withmanual
transmissions,
thosewithfourcylinders,
and
thosewithfeweraccessories.
Check
the"fueleconomy"
labels
of newautomobiles
to thewindows
to fihdtheaver{19)................
ageestimated
milespergallon
for givenmakes
andmodels.
petrolmileage.
gets20 miles
4. Decrease
thenumber
of shorttripsyoumake.
Shorttrips(20)................
reduce
lf anautomobile
pergallon
in general,
it mayget only4 milespergallon
ona shorttripof 5 milesor less.
11.A. crash
12.A. danger
13.A. Below
14.A. measurable
15.A. think
16.A. equivalent
17.A. mild
18.A. inquiring
19.A. attached
20. A. extensively
B. accelerate
B. occurrence
B. After
B. negotiable
B. plan
B. average
B. conservative
B. trading
B. selected
B. exclusively
C. escalate
C. burden
C. Coming
C. negligible
C. need
C. amount
C. considerate
C. preferring
C. stretched
C. intensively
D. fly
D. chance
D. Later
D. considerable
D. arrange
D. increase
D. substantial
D. purchasing
D. held
D. drastically
21 Thisroadis
to floodsinwinter.
a fragile
b sensitive
c leading
d unprotected
greenbelt.
hasbegunto
22 fhe newtowndevelopment
on thesurrounding
a reach
b encroach
c enter
d intrude
23 | wasinformed
bv theooliceofficerthathewouldbeforcedto takemeinto
a guardianship
b bail
c custody
d protection
didnot_
anyinformation
24 l,Ayinquiries
of value.
a elicit
b arouse
c illicit
d swell
profession
wasnotsurewhich
25 Charles
to enter,butfinallv
for law.
a cnose
b opted
c accepted
d selected
26 His
sarcasm
exasoerated
me.
a biting
b decorous
c benevolent d fearful
27 llis_
as a bravesoldier
spread
throughout
thecountry.
a renovation
b renown
c pilgrimage d expedition
28 Hefoundit allbutimpossible
to bearthe_
life.
of a nomadic
a amenities
b sourness
c 0ec0rum d harshness
29 He_
theillusion
thathewillliveto bea hundred.
grows
a
b relishes
c develoos
d cherishes
wasdressed
in a very_
30 Samantha
trousersuit.
a contemptibl'e
b decorous
c stinging
d becoming
A blow is a violent stroke given by the hand or weapon (to

somebodyor something).lt alsomeansa suddenshockor
disasterfor somebodyor something.
e.g. He dealt him o blow on the heod.
His deoth come os a blow to the family.
A misfortune carriesthe ideaof bad luck,often of a serious
nature.lt is usuallyof a lingeringcharacteror consequence,
and suchthat the sufferer is not considereddirectly
responsible.e.g. He hod the misfortuneto be born blind.
An adversity is an unfortunateevent or unfavorablesituasuchas the
tion, usuallycausedby outward circumstances
lossof fortune,position,etc.
A calamity is a seriousmisfortuneor disastercausinga
great deal of damage,destructionor suffering.
A hardship is a specificdifficultconditionof life suchas
lack of food, comfort, money,etc.
A mishap conveysthe idea of a minor and unfortunate
accident.
A reverse is any changeor alterationfor the worse.
Distress is a state or condition of great suffering,danger,

anxiety,pain or discomfort.
Affliction denotesthe state of physicalor mentalsuffering.
A trial (to somebody)is a troublesomeor irritating person
that must be endured.
A strol<e can be any blow or ill effect causedas if by a
blow such as a strol<eof misfortuneor sunstrol<e.lt can
also be an attack of paralysisor apoplexy.
NOTE
For the lossof friends by death we commonly use blow,
affliction or bereavement.
We speakof the misery of the poor,
the hardships of the soldier,
the misfortunes of a businessman,
the adversities met with becauseof bad weather,
the calamities of war,
a mishap preventingyou from doing something,
peoplein distress,and
a boy beinga trial to his mother.
Exercise
t
t
. (stroke/blow)
1 Myuncle's
inability
to movewasdiagnosed
as a paralytic
sudden
(mishap/misfortune)
onthewayhere.
2 Sorrywe'relate,butwe hada little
Wegot a flat tyreon thehighway.
is a terrible
. (affliction/adversity)
3 Paralysis
(strokes/blows)
outside
thetavern.
kickedupa brawlandexchansed
4 Thetwo drunken
sailors
. (hardship/distress)
thesubjects
showed
signsof great
5 Towards
theendof theexperiment,
(calamity/mishap)
in thecountry's
history.
6 Therecentfloodsweretheworst
(trial,/misfortune)
andteachers
alike.
boywasa
to hisparents
7 Themischievous
(afflictions/hardships)
resulted
during
in their
borneby explorers
theexpedition
8 The
territory.
relinquishing
anyhopeof conquering
theunknown
(mishap/misfortune)
voyage.
to hit aniceberg
0nhismaiden
9 Thecaotainhadthe
Yet,despite
herpassport.
allthis,
10 Theairline
hadlosthersuitcase;
thecustoms
officerhadmisplaced
(adversities/misf
in thefaceof her
.
ortunes)
sheremained
cheerful
(reverses/strokes)
political
manv
in
his
career.
11 Hesuffered
TaskOne
in heavy type.
I People
livingin squolidlivingconditions
livein
conditions
tr wretched
2 A derelicthouseis _
romshockle
ond
run-00wn
conditions
n cleon
n poshond
well-constructed
3 lf youore hord up you_.
4 A ierry-builthouse
is_.
5 A poorperson
is _.
money
E hoveenough
tr don'thove
enough
money
tr
wellconslructed
indigent
ond
. bodlyconsirucled
ond
tr weolihy
desiitute
6 A mishop,
suchoslosing
one'sscorf,
is o _.
7 A mischievous
boybehoves
ino woypeople
_.
8 Downtrodden
people
oreinvoriobly
_.
offluent
serious
misfortune
E minormisfortune
tr
opprove
of
oppressed
of
. disopprove
. pompered
9 A browlis o _
discussion
tr fight
to dothings.
oble
tr
tr
putit forword
tr unoble
. giveit up
importoni
- unimportont
ploce.
ino public
, usuolly
l0 When
youproveyourmeftle,youshowyouore_
I I When
yourelinquish
you_.
o privilege
or o cloim,
I 2 A pointvitol to onorgument
is_
io it.
TaskTwo
NOUN
convert
destitute
indignant
NOUN
mischievous
indict
vital
NOUN
subvert
indigent
condemn
Task
Three
- native;belongingnaturallyto a place
A indigent- poor <+ indigenous
Thepigeonis not
, it wasbroughthereby people.
B diligent- hard working;studious;industrious <+ indolent- lazy;idle
Heisa
studentandalwaysstart preparingwellbeforean exam.
adversity - a considerable
disappointment,
failure or misfortune()
adversary- an enemyor opponent
I heartheyhada great timecyclingacrossAfrica,eventhoughtheyhadto overcome
manv
afflict- causetrouble,pain or distress()
inflict - causesomebodyto suffer by imposingsomethingon him/her
Annawon'tbe at workthis weekbecausesheis
with the measles.
rush - movequickly rash- actingor donewithoutcarefulthought,especiallyof the consequences
Don'tyou thinkit's
of Jodieto acceptthejob in Chinawithoutevenvisitingfirst?
F avert - turn away;avoid
<+ divert- whensb divertsyour attentionfrom sth importantyou

disapproveof them behavingin a way that stopsyou thinkingabouti t .
He can'tstandthesightof bloodandalwavs
his eyesin violentmovies.
G convert - changeinto anotherform or use;causesomebodyto changehis/her religiousbetiefs

<)
subvert - try to destroythe powerand influenceof a governmentor established
ideas,beliefs,etc
Seethatmanin thesuit? Heis tryingto passers-by
to theMormonreligion.
TaskFour
choose from the correctwords in parenthesisto complete

the sentencesbelow.
Acodemic
freedomis bosedon the principle
thoithe I )---. ---' -_--
lfunction/ froction) of on insiil
of higherleorning
is to increose
ondpreserve
knowledge,
evoluote
it,ond2)
{impoir/ import}it
to others.
Foriheinsiiiution
to3)
4l=_-
{perform/ corryllhisfunction.
itsscholors
mustbefreeto
{do/ hold)ond
express
viewswhich
ottimesconbeunpopulor
orsl_
mistoken,
6)
{which/ for) it is onlyihrough

on openexchonge
of vorying
pointsof viewtholideos
conbe testedondknowledge
t!
However,
8l-
-'
{odvonced
/ commenced).
{conflicting / inflieting)interpretotions
of thelimitsond9}
{prohibitions
/ negotiotions)
of ocodemic
freedomhoveoftenledto I o)
between
teochers
ondthegoverning
boordsof educotionol
institutions.
-,
{even/ muchl
{disploys
/ disputes)
A. Read the text
w and choose t
correct word A, B C or D to fit the gaps.
0n a yearly(11).......,
theUnited
Statesis afflicted
by hurricanes
ontheeastcoast,flooding
inthemidwest,
forestfires,earthquakes,
andanynumber
of tornadoes,
blizzards
andstorms.
Historically,
theweather
has(12).,........
asharsh
a chordin people's
livesasanywe
feeltoday.Historians
listthefourmajoreventsto wreakdevastation
onthecountry
astheChicago
fireof 1871,
theJohnstown
flood
of 1889,theGalveston
hurricane
of 1900,
provide
andtheSanFrancisco
earthquake
of 1906.
These
disasters
a(n)(13)........
of thehavoc
nature's
stormshavewrecked
onhumanity,
andourreactions
to them.Galveston,
Texas,
located
optheisland
of Galveston
in thegulf
of NewMexico,
thrives
onindustry
andexports.
lts over30,000
citizens
in theearly1900s
weregenerally
economically
successful
and
comfortable
with(14)...........
conditions.
Untiltheill-fated
morning
of Sept.7,1900,
thepeople
of Galveston
enjoyed
theirlifeonthe
remoteisland.
However,
weather
watchers
hadbeenfollowing
a growing
stormin theAtlantic
for several
daysandwerewarning
of the
impending
people
danger
of a hurricane.
Unfortunately,
ignored
thewarnings.
A dayafterihehurricane
hadhittheisland,
allthat
remained
of thebeautiful
citywasa massof crumbled
buildings,
debrisandforlorn,
hopeless
survivors
wandering
aimlessly
withthe
stench
of rottingfleshallaround.
lt is (15)................
thatover8,000people
andmostof theanimals
diedthatday,victimsof oneof the
deadliest
natural
disasters
in U.S.history.
Chicago's'storm'of
1871,
although
thehurricanes
of thesoutheastern
coasr,
{16) ..........t0
wasdescribed
by poetJohnGreenleaf
Whittier
asa 'fieryhurricane'
thatstruckthegreatcitywithsuch(17).............
thattwodayslater,
'hurricane'
halfof thecityhadbeendestroyed
and300liveslost.Thoserelating
theevents
of thatcatastrophic
saythattoo littlerain
anda strongwindblowing
off theprairie
hadbeenthecausebehind
thedestruction
of theWindy
City.According
to (18)................,
however,
responsibility
wasplaced
ononeslovenly
cowwhokicked
overa lantern
inherbarnsomewhere
inthesouthwest
corner
of Chicago,
ignitingthedryandhighly
flammable
barnandultimately
bringing
destruction
to a largepartof thecity.Twodaysafterthesparks
ignited,
a steadyrainontheburning
cityputouttheflamesandwithindayshopehadreturned.
Signsthatthecitywasbeginning
to heal
' soonnewbuildings
(19)..
became
everywhere
were{20)................
theburned,
andthelifeblood
of theravaged
citywasbeing.
11.A. foundation
12.'A.punched
13.A. scent
14.A. existing
15.A. anticipated
16.A. disconnected
17.A. stimulus
18.A. tradition
19.A. concealed
20. A. replacing
B. theory
B. struck
B. flavour
B. remaining
B. predicted
B. unaccustomed
B. force
B. culture
B. notorious
B. rebuilding
C. basis
G. pinched
C. recipe
C. enduring
C. estimated
C. unrelated
C. charisma
C. phenomenon
C. obscure
C. designing
D. institution
D. played
D. ingredient
D. staying
D. forecast
D. discredited
D. constraint
D. legend
D. evident
D. refurbishing
21 Aninternational
hotelhasrecentlv
beenbuiltonthe
of the old school.
a expedition
b landscape
c site
d ground
22 Hewas
manslaughter.
a indicted
for
b blamed
for
c condemned
to
d respected
for
23 Manytax payersare_
at whattheyregardas anillegal
useof public
funds.
a indifferent
b interested
c nappy
d indignant
24 Dueto thenatureof theearthquake,
a muchlarger
of thepopulation
mightbeaffected.
a segment
b density
c totality
d division
25 Theycontinued
fighting
despite
allthe_
theymetwith.
a adversities
b amenities
c Droperties
d liabilities
26 Hewasin anextreme
stateof
whenhiswife left him.
a calamity
b mishap
c distress
d trial
27 At length,
it
himthathislifewouldn't
takea turnfor thebetterunless
helefthispresent
employment.
a dawnedon
b assumed
ihat
c happened
to
d realized
that
28 Unfortunately,
notallscientists
areworking
for a good
a end
b aim
c effect
d cause
29 Themediaarealways
keenon reporting
a mishaps
b calamities
c reverses
d hardships
30 Thethreatof a general
strikecanonlybe
government
through
intervention.
a averted
b converted
c subverted
d diverted
shrink
becomesmaller,especially
becauseof
the effect of heat or water
Woolenitems shrinkif washedin hot woter.
wither
becomedry and die
The sunor the cold con witherflowers,tree /ecyes,
gross,etc.
2. one'sinfluence,power and agecan

declinewith the lapseof time
3. say'no';refusesomethingoffered
When Ioskedher to dance,shepolitelydeclined.
lessen
l. becomelessnecessaryvaluableor
important
2. make lessin estimationor value
You can lessenthe value of money,the
hoursof work, the importanceof a
heroicdeed.
We also speakof the distanceof a
journeybeinglessened.
impair
spoil,damageor weaken
Longhoursof work con impoiryour heolth,
vitolity or eyesight.
dwindle
becomefewer or smaller
His fome is dwindling.Thenumberof studentskeeps
dwindlingyeor ofter yeor.
contract
l. becometight or narrow
2. decreasein size
Metolsusuollycontroctwhenthey becomecoolond
expand when they heat up.
decline
l. changeto somethingworse, weaker

or lower, especiallyfor health,value or
thecorrectwordin parenthesis
EXgfCiSgA > ) ) Choose
to complete
thesentences
below.
1 Yourjacketwillbe lesslikelyto
2 Dimlightmay
(shrink/contract)
if you haveit dry-cleaned.
(dwindle,zimPair)
youreyesight.
3 Thenumber
of youngpeople
interested
in art keeps
4 Inautumn,
leaves
turnyellow,
(lessening/dwindling).
(lessen/wither)
andfall.
5 Hesuggested
thattheytry to expand
ratherthan
(contract/impair)
the locar
steelindustrv.
6 As hishealth
hadbeen
(declining/shrinking),
hewasadvised
to moveto thecountrv.
7 Thepresstriedto
EXefCiSg B >>)
il
R e a d t h e t e x t b e l o w a n d c h o o s e t h e c o r r e c tA
w,oBrC
dorDtofitthegaps.
TheUnited
Statesinthei960swastherichest
andmostpowerful
nation
intheworld.
Thanks
to ample
natural_t1)
andhighly
developed
technology,
manyof its citizens
livedlivesof comfortand_{2)
unimaginable
a century
_t3}.
It wasalsoa nationwitha recordof generosity
to othernations.
lt hadlentandgivenbillions
of dollars
to Western
Europe
andto -(4)
bornandhave-not
countries
around
theglobe.
Yet,in ihe_t5)
of unprecedented
prosperity
American
thereexisted,
although
ofteninvisible
to visitors
fromforeignlands,
theparadox
of poverty.
I o sources
(dwindle/lessen)
theimportance
of hisheroicaction.
2 oinfluence 3 oeorlier
4olotelv
5 o edge
b resources
b indigence
b post
b formerly
b between
c recourse
c offluence
c gone
c sooner
c midst
d repercussion
d osperily
d formerly
d newly
d end
EN
-
TaskOne
participle.Make whateverchangesare necessaryespeciallyto the

sentencesin heavytype.
Example: He missed the last bus home. He decided to walk.,
Answer: Having mlssed the last bus home, he decided to walk.
I Thepoormonis neorlyblind.Hecon'treodthepoper.
2 | wos fired. Youwerethecouseof it.
3 He wos wolkingolongthe street.A tilefellondhithimon theheod.
souces
4 He is o brilliont cook.Heknowso lotoboutFrench
5 He orrivedot the stotion.Hesowthetroinpullout
6 Theywill see you.Youcon'tovoidil
it
7 Peopleorder him obout. Heresents
it.
to spending
8 Don't lend money.lt'sequivolenl
Two
Task
there is a choice of three words similar in meaning. Underline

the one which best fits the sentence.
(nutrients,
privation,
nourished,
minimum)
of essential
is the(deprivation,
Malnutrition
(disturbances,
physiological
(at,from,in)severe
mess,
resulting
nutritional)
elements
in time.
if, so)notreversed
death(unless,
andultimately
disorders)
(deficit,
in protein
mayleadto
defective,
deficient)
but
in calories
A dietsufficient
(grand,
grave,solemn)
by lossof skinandhaircolor,diarrhea,
characterised
diseases
thatlife
so diluted
become
tissuecellsin whichthebodychemicals
andwater-logged
in bothcalories
and
helped).
A dietdeficient
subsisted,
cannolongerbe(sustained,
(famine,
hunger).
proteinusually
starvation,
thatis,
resultsin marasmus,
(diseases,
ail(greatly,
illnesses,
to infectious
highly,
totally)susceptible
areusually
Victims
of malnutrition
nolongerhasthe(force,power,
heliterally
thevictimmaydiesimplybecause
Inadvanced
cases,
ments).
strength)
to breathe.
(puberty,
provision)
(input,
of protein
during
supply,
insufficient
receiving
indicaie
thatchildren
Recent
studies
(irreverent,
brain
irreversible)
irretrievable,
maysustain
ago,prior)to delivery
or (before,
infancy,
adolescence)
subsequent,
(overdraft,
of braincells,withthe(subsistent,
deficit,
scarcity)
or sufferfroma permanent
damage
of intelligence.
substantial)
impairment
E
F
TaskThree
I 'Doyouthinkhe'llscropethrough
theexom?'
'l thinkso.I hovefoith
hisobility.'
'Wos meeting
wellottended?'
the
'Not monypeoplelurned
os
_
2 'Howdidyourfotherreoctwhenyoubrokethenewsto him?'
'He
onddidn'tcolmdownfor sometime.'
blew
'Only
in theseproblems.'
oreinterested
o few porents
'Well, Ioveto seemoreof themconcerning
l'd
suchvitolissues.'
themselves
3 'Mybrother
otefivepizzos
inonego
'Thot
theincredible.
doesn't
i1?'
borders
os I hodexpected.'
9 'Whydo youpreferfishing
to swimming?'
'lt's sotiring
onething.'
nol
porents,
4 'They
don'tthey?'
seemto beveryindulgent
'Yes,
theirkid'swishes.'
bow_
theyinvoriobly
l0 'A lolof smollbusinesses

inlownoreexperiencing
slumpInsoles.'
o consideroble
'Mine,
'TheDeportment
is looking
in controst,
of theEnvironment
seems
to besubmitting
therecommendotions.'
io pressure
fromindustry
to ignore
'Exoctly,
is building
ondthepressure
, 1oo.'
'Shollgiveyou
o coll?'
I
'Only you
if
comeup
onydifficulties.'
Four
Task
I Herbeouty
_
everybody.
c0prure0
L-.1
c0plrv0Te0
L_.1
Li envroote
E envious
E boon
Ll 000m
| | noreoat |loal
Ll prosecuTeo
5 Cigorette
smoking
is o heolth
E hozord
nopn0z0r0
L_.1
6 Hewosfound
L ] STOTK
tr dork
2 Hehosgoton_
service
record.
3 lt seemsthotthe
4 Hewos
in commerce
is nowover.
without
for driving
o license.
noked.
7 Heseemsto be occident
_.
L_l0rone
8 Afterthemeeting,
themembers
of the
wereledto their_,__. rooms.
commiitee
tr prospective
l]
tr implicofed
u compilcoTeo
tr well
E swell
tr tumble
Ll srumote
rocnortirio
9 Severol
high-ronking
officerswere_
in thebribery
scondol.
l0 Whoto _
doncer
he isl
I I Thishouseis oboutto
down.
I 2 Sheliveson the
poidto herby herformerhusbondL_.1

oilmony
PUrilrrvrry
I 3 Theheodmoster
oddressed
fheschooloudience
in o
voice.
E moslerly
L,t moslerlul
14 Hehoso
imoginoiion.
tr morbid
il chivolrous
I 5 Heis on
pionist.
L_toccomprrce
fl occomplished
L] OIT
tr out
Ll un00lng
Li m0Klng
I 6 Feeling
verytired,he nodded
i 7 Drinking
woshis
duringtheiourney.
(NEFF)
TheNewEngland
Forestry
foundation,
nowhasa placeit canuseto showcase
sustainable
forestry.
lt wasn'teasyand
NEFF
stillneeds
to (11)................
f2.2 million
to complete
thecapital
campaign.
TheProutyproperty
hasbeena fixturein theland(12)..............
scapeof Littleton
for almosta century.
ln 2002,Donald
Prouty,
formerLrttleton
townModerator
andtowncounsel
.
Landvest
wasengaged
to selltheproperty.
Recognizing
theopportunity
to protecta significant
tractof forestlqnd
withinthe
(13|.................
rapidly
U.S.Route
495corridor,
Landvest
introduced
NEFF
to theproperty.
Afterwalking
theproperty
andmeeting
withrepresentatives
of thetown,NEFF
boldlysigned
a purchase
andsaleagreement
withtheProutyfamily.
Thefamilygenerouslyagreed
to a bargain
salepricein orderto preserve
theproperty
andavoida likely(14)................
waramong
developers.
generous
Valued
in {15).............
of f3 million,
thefamily's
offerdemonstrated
theircommitment
to conserving
theproperty.
In
purchased
property.
October
2003,NEFF
...
financing
at
a
highly
competrtive
rate
and
the
This
wonderful
community
{16)
resource
wasdedicated
Woods
community
forest"at a dedication
"Prouty
ceremony
in October
2004.
public
(17)................
NEFF
nowprovides
throughout
theproperty
andeducational
opportunities
at theWilliam
A.KingEducation
located
Center,
at thetop of Wilderness
Hill.NEFF
continues
to manage
theIandas anactiveworking
forest- as DonandCarey
(18!................
Proutyhaddonefor years.
fromFayParkto LongLake,
the !07-acre
Proutyproperty
is a trulyunique
andsignificanttractof woodland
withinminutes
495.Theproperty
of Route
includes
1600feetof frontage
onLongLakeandthetop of
Wilderness
Hilloffersexpansive
viewsto thewestandnorthincluding
MountMonadnock
in NewHampshire.
Thecombination
of
forest,hayfield
andriparian
zonesprovide
much-needed
habitat
for a varietyof species.
Theforesthasbeenunderprofessional
forestmanagement
for manyyears.
Walking
trailsmaintained
by theLittleton
Conservation
Trustconnect
to a town-wide
system
of walking
trails.Thetownhasprotected
significant
acreage
at LongLakeParkandalongthe(19)................
of LongLakeacrossfrom
property
theProutyproperty.
Thetown-owned
Morgan
adjoins
to thenorth.Inaddition,
thetownhaspurchased
a conservation
restriction
on85 acresof Prouty
(20)................
WoodsCommunity
Forest,
furtherincreasing
theconservation
of thisproperty.
11.A. lift
12.A. gaveaway
13.A. developing
14.A. bidding
15.A. extra
16.A. attached
17.A. passage
18.A. Stretching
19.A. coast
20. A. fee
B. elevate
B. passed
away
B. devising
B. proposing
B. over
B. tighiened
B. acclaim
B. Swelling
B. shore
B. value
C. promote
C. passed
off
C. deriving
C. letting
C. excess
C. secured
C. entrant
C. Pushing
C. verge
C. prize
D. raise
D. gaveover
D. deviating
D. summoning
D. profit
D. possessed
D. access
D. Multiplying
D. hem
D. treasure
F
i
21 Mr.Connors
was
at thepolicestationfor furtherquestionrng.
a restrained
b detained
c contained d taken
22 | don'Iknowhowon earthhecanget by on such
wages.
a meager
b adequate
c satisfactory d high
23 Don'treadin suchdimlight;it will_
youreyesight.
a impair
b dwindle
c decrease
d contract
24 Thegift wasa
of hisgratitude.
a segment
b specimen
c receipt
d token
25 Theywereableto set sailwhenthestorm
a enraged
b abated
c shrank
d permitted
26 I'dloveto livein these_
surroundings.
a desolate
b bashful
c groomy
d serene
27 Thiskindof occupation
doesnotofferany
for creative
thinking.
a orbit
b rope
c scope
d infection
28 Mr.Smithers
to comment
news.
onthe
a upheld
b retained
c declined
d decreased
people
29 Law-abiding
arethepeople
who
the law.
a o0serve
b offend
c protect
d defy
people
going
30 Thenumber
of
to soccerm atches
seems
to be
steadily.
a narrowrng
b withering
c dwindling
d contracting
EXgfCiSe A > > >

PARTA:
Matchthewordson the leftwiththeirdefinitions

on the right.
I obote
2 odroii
3 occost
4 oggrovote
5 orrogonce
PARTB:
I brim
2 choste
3 defect
4 demolish
5 commence
EXgfCiSe B > > >
a accosted
b alar
tr
tr
tr
.
I
become
onopostote
theupper
edge,
osof o gloss
begin;
stort
pure
morolly
teordown
b spur
3 Heslipped
andfelland
me beforeI hadtime to speakfirst.

c brawled
2 He'sverywhimsical;
hedoesthingson the
a arouse0
moke
worseondmoreserious
subside;
become
lessin intensity
houghtiness
skillful;
clever
meelondspeok
to sbino woythotseems
rude
Fiilin the btankswiththe correctword,a, b, c or d.
1 | bumped
intoJohnin Athensandhe
a brim
E
I
E
tr
E
of themoment.
c clap
d push
c sprained
d chaste
hiswrist.
b flushed
4 Thedoctorwarned
himthatif hecontinued
to pickthesorehewould
a demolish
b designate
c exasperate
5 Theboardpresident
designated
a_
jeopardised
thepassers-by.
a demolition
b castigating
6 Thecorruptpolitician
was bribedto
a perfect
7 | detestthat
a bewildered
b defect
9 As soonas thestorm_,
a abets
d aggravate
d drenching
d reflect
d complexity
andprevented
a war.
c abjectly
d slightly
theships
willbeallowed
to setsail.
b abates
10 Let'shurryto thetheater.
Theplayis to
a commeno
c contaminating
party.
to theopposing
know-it-all
expression
onhisface.
b arduous
c arrogant
b intensely
it.
teamto teardownthe dilapidated

building
which
c infect
8 TheSecretary
of Statehandled
thematter
a adroitly
d jolted
b recommend
c forbids
d incites
at eighto'clock
sharp.
c c0mmence
d comment
TaskOne
()
A thrive - prosper
Thestraycat sheadopted
will
strive - try hard

nowthatit hasenough
food.
B sustain-keepup; maintain;support
retain- keepor continueto havesomething
Thecity
minordamage
duringtheearthquake.
()
yolk - the yellow part of an egg
C yoke-servitudeor slavery
Theegg
is verynutritious.
document-any written or printedmatter that providesevidence

- cinemaor T.V.film showingaspectsof humanor animallife and socialactivities
documentary
Theywatched
a
ontheAmazon
rainforest.
E constrain- makesb do sth by usingforce or persuasion
restrain- keepundercontrol
Thatdog is a hazardandshouldbe
soothe - calm
<)
Trythiscream;
it will
seethe- be agitated;extremelyangry
yoursunburn.
G s u b s i d e- s i n kt o a l o w e rl e v e l
It tooka longtimefor hisgriefto
s u b s i d i z-e h e l pf i n a n c i a l l y
afterhisgrandmother
died..
TaskTwo
an appropriatephraseusingthe verb in CAPITALS.Makewhateverotherchangesare necessary.

Example:Wemust end allthis vandalismand destructioncausedby hooligans.@UT)
Answer: Wemustput an end to allthis vandalismand destructioncausedby hooligans.
I Mostof myfriends
preferboseboll.
(MVE)
2 lt is highlimewe octedpositively.
ITAKE)
gothered
3 Huge
crowds
fortheprocession.
(TURNI
4 Hedidn't
oppeqruntilmuch
loter.
{PUT}
5 Theworendedin 1945.
ICOME}
6 They
considered
hisprevious
soles
experience
before
toking
himonihestoff.
IAKEI
7 Anorchitect
surveyed
thehouse
it wosbought.
before
{iV\AKE}
8 Thefirmhosfitted sofeiv
beltsinollitsvehicles.
{EOUIP}
9 Howconhemonoge
onhispoorsolory?
{GET)
l 0 Hedecidedto siopottendingthecollegeondgeto iob.
(DROP)
I
i
Task
Three
I
Underlinethe one word in the parenthesisthat best

completeseach sentence.
- onset)
thottheplonwouldturnoutto be o f lop.
I knewf romthe{onslought
2 Now,whot'sthe{snog- snug)?
- stotionery)
3 A clumsy
drivermoyevencollide
witho {stotionory
vehicle.
I
I
4 Noreverse
could(deter- deferlhimfromproceeding.
- successful)
5 Thisis thefifth(successive
gomethey'vewonthismonth.
- eventful)
6 Whoton (invenlive
doyit hosbeen.
7 Austere
meosures
meonproclising
{frigid- rigid)economics.
- ioviol)
8 Hewos in o {triviol
moodthotdoy.
- conlogious)
9 Molorio
is o (contiguous
diseose.
I 0 Doyouknowhowto (steer- stir)theboot?
- reverses)
I I Hesuffered
mony{reserves
throughout
hislife.
- cosy}littlehouse.
I 2 Theylivein o {choosy
TaskFour
Replace the words in heavy type with a single word

from the box with the same meaning.
stabilisers drought imminent identification scope unpredictable

prospering nepotism espionage entail precarious
I
I iudged
fromlhestoteof theskythofo thunderstorm
woscomingon.
2 Mostmodernshipsorefittedwithdevicesintendedto keep them on on even keel,
3 People
whoorefoundguilty
of the procticeof spying
oreputinioil.
4 Tom'schorocter
wossuchthot no one couldtell whqt he would do next
5 Throughout
history,
monypoliticions
hovebeenguiltyof hondingout high offices to their relotions.
6 Hilory's
business
is doing exceptionollywell.
7 Astrophysics
is o subject
beyond
lhe rongeof oction ond obility of my mind
8 Lostyeor'scropfoileddueto dry weotherqnd lock of roinfoll
I
I
9 Cheotlng
in theexommoyhoveos o result
yourdisquolificotion.
l0 Thecompony's
posltlon
is for from sqfe
I I Thepoliceofflcerstopped
thesuspicious
looking
monin theStoteDeportment,
ondoskedfor
popersthot could provewho he wos.
Hershey
siartthatmodern
(11) ...
it wasn'tuntiltheDepression
of thoseearlytownperks,
Despite
thecontinued
it thrived
because
the1930s,
actually
to (12)............... during
Perhaps
theonlytownin thecountry
edto takeshape.
building
boomthaigaverise
Instead
he(13)............... a massive
wouldneverseea breadline.
Hershey
vowedhisUtopia
Headmitted
thathis
wagesto morethan600workers.
Hershey
anddelivered
in today's
buildings
to themostvisited
provide
materials
are
(14)............
workfor them,l'llhaveto feedthem.Andsincebuilding
.
werepartlyselfish:
"lf I don't
I'mgoingto buildandgivethemjobs."
nowat theirlowestcostlevels,
Venetian-style
Hershey
hometo the1,904-seat
Center,
limestone
Community
wasthethree-million-dollar
to befinished
dance,
and
Broadway
showsandto music,
...since1933to touring
Theater,
whichhasplayed
Community
{17)......
Thefloorsin the
closed.
lt offersjustas muchto lookat whenthelightsareon andthecurtains
operaperformances.
wallsandcapped
witha bas-relief
by marble
(18).,... ..
ltalian
lavarock,surrounded
Lobbyarepolished
named
Grand
(19).....................,............,....
inner
mythology.
With
the
andscenes
fromRoman
beehives,
swans,
sheaves
of wheat,
ceiling
showing
is tiledin gold,thefirecurtain
Thearched
ceiling
of theDepression:
hisnoseevenharder
at theravages
foyer,Hershey
thumbed
a star-litnight.
.
with88 iinylightbulbs
to re-create
is t20).............
andtheceiling
bearsa painting
of Venice,
11.A. flexibility
12.A. prosper
13.A. trusted
14.A. pretensions
15.A. spared
16.A. impoverished
17.A. hosting
18.A. aptly
19.A. dizzying
20. A. holed
B. rigidity
B. decline
B. funded
B. objections
B. spent
B. unattractive
B. housing
B. inappropriately
B. gaudy
B. studded
C. elasticity
C. get on
C. accounted
C. preoccupation
C. allowed
C. poor
C. host
C. seemingly
C. dazzling
C. supported
D. resilience
D. flower
D. stocked
D. intentions
D. justified
D. opulent
D. homogeneously
D. frightfully
D. bland
D. magnified
it withthemanagement.
areencouraged
to discuss
2L Employees
whohavea
grievance
c
disturbance
d orecaution
b
a hindrance
vision
andhearing.
22 Decrepitude
seriously
c withers
d shrinks
b enhances
a impairs
it.
beforeaccepting
23 They
hisproposal
c overlooked d scrutinised
b ignored
a rejected
to
attackthepolice.
24 A few political
the
crowd
extremists
d agitated
b animated
c stirred
a incited
down.
25 Hespenthisentirelife
roundtheworld,neversettling
c exploring d transporting
b roaming
a scattering
26 Theexaminer's
Mary.
coldstare
b dumbfounded c imperiled d disconcerted
a amazeo
27 lI's hightimewe
theprocedure.
c commenced d soothed
b occurred
a tortured
judge
week.
28 The
the trialtill the following
decided
to
d adjourn
b admit
c adjust
a admire
my goodnameandreputation.
29 | wouldn't
liketo _
c constrain d prolong
b jeopardise
a enrich
myemployer's
displeasure.
30 lf I wasto do that,it would
incur
c
recur
d concur
b
a occur
EXgfCiSe A > ) ) watcnColumnI withColumnll (Synonyms)

and Corumnilt (opposftes).
Column1
Column2
Column3
1 alluring
harmful;noxious
cool; collected
2 deteriorate
tidy; neat
__
digressive; deviating
3 cheeky
despicable; loathsome
r e p e l l e n t ;r e p u g n a n t
4 fetid
attractive; tempting
aromatic; fragrant
5 detrimental
_ slipshod;slatternly
6 rattled
steadfast; stable
fickle;capricious
beneficial; salutary
7 abhorrent
stinklng; offensive
affable; civil
8 slovenly
i n s o l e n t ;r u d e ; b l u n t
l o v a b l e ;a m i a b l e
impair; degenerate
coherent; connected
confused; embarrassed
improve;ameliorate
9 discursive
10 whimsical
EXgfCiSe B > > >
Fil in the brankswiththecorrectword,a, b, c or d.
1 Hisbehavior
is horrible;
evenhisfamilv
a a00re
b abhor
2 | can'tbear
c admrre
d allu.re
in a child.
Hercheek
willnotgo unpunished.
a decency
b obedience c resoect
3 Firemen
mustbe
d audacity
in the face of danger.
a alluring
4 A
him.
b bald
c darling
d daring
breathis oftenanindication
of dentalcavities.
a fragrant
b aromatic c defensive d fetid

hence
hepassed
histest hands
down.
Hestudied_;
a relatively
b slovenly
It'snotenough
to swelter
inthis
b sultry
a chilly
7 Neverbe
c diligently
d lazily
weather;
we'vegot smogto boot.
c discursive d pensive
andaska womanhowold sheis.
a affable
b false
Herconditron
seemsto be
a ameliorating
c acute
d indiscreet
. We'llhaveto takeherto intensive

care.
b deterioratingc amputating d imitating
Thegirl playfully
ranaway,but beforeshedisappeared
roundthe corner,sheturnedandgaveus
a_
smile.
a valuable
b musical
c despicable d whimsical
10 Thelawyer's
questioning
aggressive
seemed
to _
a rattle
b battle
c stable
thewitness
onthestand.
d ladle
TaskOne
replacingthe word in bold with an ADJECTIVEderivedfrom it.

Make whateverother changes are necessary'
Example: Peter behaveslike a child'
Answer: Peter behaves in a childish way'
her.
himto forgive
I Witheyesfilledwithleqrs,shebegged
2 Inoll likelihood,he willcome.
3 Heshowsno respectfor hiselders.
ondliors.
butcontemptfor thieves
4 Hefeelsnothing
molds.
5 Thevmeltedlhe ironondpouredit intospeciol
exploinhisbehoviour.
6 Theycouldn't
theexom,
7 Thereis no possibilityof hispossing
ondpeopleoftenfoil.
8 Bothmochines
TaskTwo
youa raise?'
promise
I 'Didthemanager
'Yes.hecommitied
himself
it sometimeago.'
as theysay?'
2 'ls hereallyas incompetent
'Yes,it is hisincompetence
him
thathasprevented
3 'Sweden
is saidto haveplentyof rawmatertals.'
in theaccident.'
4 'John's
cal wasbadlydamaged
beingpromoted.'
'lt abounds
them.'
'Exactly,
hemayas wellwriteit
rudebehavior?'
5 'Didyouprotestabouttheassistant's
'Ofcourse,
withoutprotesting.'
passthematter
I couldn't
'Theyappeal
6 'Whydoeshego for brunettes?'
7 'DidPetejointheNavyas hesaidhewould?'
'No,he decided
I
II
II
II
IE
IF
him,I think.'
a careerin theArmy,I think.'
8 'Didhesay'yes'to theirdemand?'
'Toaccede
precedent.'
a dangerous
wouldestablish
sucha demand
- pervertl
pogons
Missionories
usuolly
irylo (convert
to Christionity.
- convictionl
thotheis o froud.
2 lt'smy(convention
- couch).
(cooch
is ourboseboll
3 Mr.Jones
- retorted)
he(reverted
to drinking
ogoin.
4 Unfortunotely,
- gross)
whoore(cross
withme.
5 I don'tlikepeople
- locote).
diseoses
orenoteosyto {locolise
6 Contogious
I broke
thenewsto her,shebegon
to (wipe- weep).
7 When
- sledges).
usedtotrovel
on{ledges
8 Eskimos
(mop- mob)wonted
revenge.
9 Thebloodthirsty
- conclusivel
hove(inclusive
evidence
osto whocommitted
themurder.
l0 Thepolice
'DoyoulikeyournewEnglish
'Yes,
teocher?'
him.'
I thinkI hoveo crusn
'l did.butit colls
o lotof work.'
2 'Didyoutokeonthenewiob,eventuolly?'
'DoyouthinkGoryisthesortof monto beenlrusted
withso muchmoney?'
3
'0hyes.He'so mon
impeccoble
honesty.'
I
5
6
'He'sincomplete
withyou,isn'ihe?'
disogreement
'Yes,
it'llbesometimebefore
I bringhim
lo my pointof view.'
'Whot
obout
thotclever
scheme
of yours?
Didyoupullit off?' 'No,it fell
'Whot
o vicious-looking
dogtheBrowns
hovegot!'
likeolltheothers.'
'Yes,it come
meollof o sudden
whenI possed
theirhouse
theotherdov.'
'lt'srumored
'He'snotsorichos
thotheis o billionoirel
mokehim
to be.'
7
oeoole
'Con
'lt is notmeoni
I sleeponthissofo?'
sleeping
on,youknow.'
8
_
9
'Whot
iimedidyougethomelostnight?'
'At
threein themorning.
Theportydidn'tbreok
two.'
before
'l
hoveo comploint
to moke.'
l0
'The
monoger
is notovoiloble
modom,butI couldlook
of the momenl,
themotter
if youlike.'
wasnottheonly(11) .....,.....
Slavery
to menlikeCaptain
of lifein NewOrleans
thatwouldhavebeenunfamiliar
whobecame
AmosStoddard,
a NewEnglander
oneof the(12) .
..
mighthavebeen
of thenewlands.
Stoddard
population
in NewOrleans
departed
cededLoursiana
io theFrench,
muchof theSpanish
forms,to thrsday.AftertheSpanish
(15)
for Cuba.
As theyleftandFrench
immigrants
camein fromFrancophone
likeSanDomingue,
New
remained
withluxurious
homes
in the
occupation
strong,
Orleans
tookona Gallic
tinge.At thesametime,tracesof Spanish
As a further(161
style,around
courtyards
andwithstuccowalls.
citybuiltin Spanish
......
past
of theterritory's
governors,
governments,
downin
StateLegislature
metin theformerpalace
of theSpanish
untilit burned
theLouisiana
1827.1n
whatmight(17).
readers
chilling
reminder
of thecity'sprevious
masters,
todayas a particularly
prisoners
publicly
Street.
TheSpanish
authorities
hadlocked
in thosestocksandsometimes
two pillories
stoodon Chartres
humiliated
andabused
them.
President,
in purchasing
Louisiana
aboutthe(18)
Thomas
Jefferson,
theAmerican
andbringing
20,opened
a new(19).......
thatoccurred
on December
.....
of control
.. in American
historyandclosed
theoldone,of whichhe
proposal
Alexander
Hamilton's
for a national
hadbeena principal
author.
Onlya fewyearsbefore,
hehadrejected
bankby
(20),.............
.....
By 1803he
thattheConstitution
didn'tempower
theU.S.government
to createsuchaninstitution.
- or at leastbeenexcited
powers"
hisfeelings
abouttheproblem
enough
abouttheposseems
to havechanged
of "implied
milesof property
to setasideanylegalqualms.
sibleusesof 828,000
square
11.A. aspect
12.A. slavetraders
13.A. interested
14.A. refrains
15.A. continents
16.A. examination
17.A. present
18.A. hand-over
19.A. chapter
20. A. registering
Tq
n-
B. position
B. numbers
B. frightened
B. retains
B. industries
B. reference
B. strike
B. transaction
B. book
B. arguing
C. view
C. governors
C. perplexed
C. relinquishes
C. colonies
C. plunder
C. inspire
C. ownership
C. piece
C. bickering
D. look
D. many
D. humoured
D. replaces
D. pasts
D. reminder
D. instill
D. transfer
D. paragraph
D. demanding
21 lt'smy
thathe'sa fraud.
b choice
a conviction
22 He
c indignation d mistrust
hardto makea success

of hislife.
b plunged
a saved
23 Hetookno
d throve
c warnrng
d notice
of what I said.
a advice
b revenge
24 Couldyoupossibly
a standin for
25 Tax
c sTrove
meeting?
meat thenextcommittee
b makeupfor
c go backon
d keepin with
million
dollars
a year.
deprives
thenationor several
a retention
b evasion
c invasion
d desertion
let it be known
thathewouldsuefor
26 Theminister
a prarse
remark
27 Herderisive
a engulfed
b diligence
c deface
d defamation
c enlivened
d enraged
thecrowd.
b engrossed
thatshefoundit difficult
to _
28 Shewasso infuriated
a contain
b abstain
hertemper.
c retain
d detain
was highly
the originof species
29 Thetheoryheputforwardconcerning
a disgraced
b discredited
c debased
d dishonored
one's
30 Hostilerivalryofteninvolvesdefaming
a friends
b relatives
c colleagues d opponents
EXgfCiSe A> > >
Matchthe definitions
of occupations
belowwiththe wordsin the box.
playwright
potter thatcher hardware
millinerplumberlocksmith
dealer peddlerfishmonger
cobbler
merchant
1 A wandering
selling
smallwaresis a hawker
or a(n)
2 A manwhoworksas a shoemaker
mending
andpatching
shoesis a(n)
?
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
A manwhomakes
earthen-ware
is a(n)
A writerof playsis a(n)
A person
employed
in making,
irimming
or selling
bonnets,
men'shats,etc is a(n)
Someone
whoworksin a shopthatsellsfishis a(n)
A makeror repairer
of locksis a(n)
job is to connect
A person
whose
pipes,
or repairwateranddrainage
baths,toiletsetc.is a(n)
A person
whomakes
roofsof houses
withstrawor reedsis a(n)
A shopkeeper
whosellshardware,
especially
metalgoods,is a(n)
EXefCiSe B > > >
Matcheachof the followingdefinitions

witha wordfromthe box.
Exampfe:A young personwho commitsminor crimesor vandalismandwho is not

old enoughyet to be legallyconsideredan adultis a (iuvenile)delinquent.
mugger poacher assassin perjurer usurper stowaway trespasser

hijacker hobo hooligan quae* usurer vagrant tax-evader forger
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Someone
whocatches
or shootsanimals,
birdsor fishon privatelandunlawfully
andwithoutpermission
is a(n)
pieceof writingespecially
Someone
whoaltersa genuine
somebody
else'ssignature
in orderto deceive
is a(n)
A manwhoattacksanother
usually
frombehind
withtheintention
of robbing
himis a(n)
public
Someone
whomurders
person,
by assault,
especially
a
or eminent
usually
for political
motives,
is
a(n)
Someone
wholends
money
at anexorbitant
ratewhichis illegal
is a(n)
poweris a(n)
Someone
who forciblyseizes(kingly)
gives
Someone
who
falsetestimonybeforea courtof law whileunderoathis a(n)
Someone
who doesnot pay the full amountof tax that he shouldis a(n)
Onewhohidesona vesselin orderto obtainfreepassage

withoutpaying
a fareis a(n)
A person
withouta settledhomewhowanders
aimlessly
fromplaceto place,
begging
or stealing
in
orderto liveis a(n)
A
11 trampor a vagrant
whohasnoregular
workor home,
especially
onewhotravelsfromplaceto place
andgets moneyby beggingis a(n)
12 Onewhopretends
to possess
medical
knowledge
especially
in thefieldof salves
thatis,ointments
for
localailments,
is a(n)
gang
of disorderly
13 Oneof a
andnoisypersons
behaving
in a violentanddestructive
wayis a(n)
controlof an aircraft
14 Onewhoseizes
whilein flightby thethreator useof forceanddirectsrt
to a different
destination
is a(n)
privately
15 Onewhoviolates
owned
landwithout
rightor permission
is a(n)
EXgf CiSg C > > )
wlatcneach of the followingdefinitionswith a word from the box.
Exampfe:A largenumberof bees flyingtogetheris a swarmol bees.
pack shoal/school constellation congregation band squad mob

conglomeration cluster/clump sheaf heap pile
1 A largenumber
of fishswimming
together
2 A groupof church
attendees
people
3 A groupof different
or things
4 A number
of trees,bushes,
etc growing
closetogether
5 A quantityof thingsplacedneatlyoneon top of the other
6 A quantity
of thingsin a ratheruntidyarrangement
7 A bundle
of papers
or corntiedtogether
8 A disorderly
crowdof people
9 A smallgroupof policemen
whoforma unitor a section
of a poiiceforcethatis responsible
witha particular
for dealing
typeof crime
10 A groupof banditsundera leader
11A groupof fixedstarsin theskyforming

a pattern
12A groupof animals,
especially
wolvesor dogshunting
together
EXefCiSe D > > )
Readthetextbelowand choosethe correctword a, b, c or d to fit the gaps.
Thecurrentemphasis
on language
as a socialphenomenon
willopenthewayto
{1.)communicative
language-learning
approaches
at allschool
levels.
Thefocusonthesocialpurposes
of language
will_t2)
thatinteraction
amongpersons
in a societyand
significant
(3) societies
willbecome
moreharmonious
andmore
in_{5)
i4i tneuseof clearbutpolitelanguage
thenativeandthesecond
language
is
taughtandpractrsed
in schools
in meaningful
andinteresting
socialsituations.
1 owidespreod
2 oossure
3 oolong
4 oos
5 o either
b wide-known
b reossure
b ocross
b so
b both
c wide-owoke
c insure
c obove
c by
c neither
d wide open
d ensure
d over
d why
d none
TaSk $ne>
) )
Replacethe followingunderlinedphraseswith a singleword from the box.
Exampfe:He suffersfrom being unableto sleep at night (insomnia).
decapitation replica carnivore herbivore longevity posterity reticence outcast

r e c k l e s s a c c o m p l i c e c a s u a l t i e s e y e s o r e c o a l i t i o n d i s p u t e s u b s i d y w e l fa r e
the newfreeway.
will be gratefulto thosewho planned
I Latergenerations
were notedfor livinga long time.
2 The Robinsons
3 Heis veryapt to act rashlvandwithoutproperthought.
whereasa sheepis a plant-eatinganimal
animal
4 A wolf is a flesh-eating
_,
grant.
counted
on a government
5 Thedesigners
of a crime
6 A personwhohelpsanotherin thecommitment
is as equally
guiltyas thecriminal
himself.
comfortandgoodhealth.
onlyof ourson'swelLbehg,
7 We'rethinking
of his own yacht.
in exactdetail
8 Themodelwasa reproduction
greatreservein hisspeech.
9 Heshowed
bv hispeerAroup.
I 0 Hewastreatedas a personnot accepted
a sightuglvto theeves.
I I Thenewstatuewasconsidered
salaryscales.
aroseoverthe newproposed
andargument
12A violentdiscussion
from two or morepoliticalparties
consisting
of members
l3 TheythoughtIhata government
long.
wouldnotsurvive
people.
iniured
of deador seriouslv
l4 Thebattlecosteachsidethousands
havingtheirheadscut off.
werepunishedby
Ages,manycriminals
theMiddle
l5 During
TaSk TWO> ) )
Rewritethe followingsentencesby usingthe adjectives

of the
-"'ii*ff
#y,:i"l:n;'"xy;::;..,ir!,"'"'adep
Theelderly
couple
werebecoming
increosingly
offected
bysenility.
2 A iuvenile
of 11yeorsof ogewosbrought
before
ihemogistrote's
courtyesterdoy
3 Thisstortling
stotement
illustrotes
theunusuol
rotesof chonge
we oreexperiencing
4 Rising
eorlyconduces
to goodheolth.
5 Hehosgoodknowledgeof computers.
6 A goodteocher
musthovepowers
of inventionondbeo person
of resources.
7 He lookedlostin ihought.
proceeded
8 Humon
evolution
ropidly.
9 Theeorth's
deseris
hoveexponded.
l0 Thousonds
of plontondonimol
species
weredriven
to extinction.
tr conceited
.' , .'
.
tr deceitful
tr lurked
tr lorked
I exhousting
E exhoustive
Tick one word that best completes each

I Anorrogont
monis
inthedorkreody
to pounce
2 Themugger
_
ontheelderly
lody.
3 Thepolice
hoveconducled
_
inquires
iniheireffortto irockdownthecriminol.
4 Areyou
oboutonydifficulties
iniheexom?
5 Youthful
hordly
evercome
io fruition.
6 lt wosolnl_
E opprehensive5 comprehensive
. inspirotions E ospirolions
sightto seethe
onceweohhy
monreduced
to begging.
tr pothetic
tr opothetic
7 Hewosollino
tr flotter
tr flutter
8 The_
tr illicil
tr elicit
l-'l imolicote
. complicote
tr crumbled
tr stumbled
soleof dugsb o punishoble

offense.
triedlo
9 Theoccused
fheofficidl
in thebriberyscondol.
I 0 Thechild_
overo storpmd fell.
12)....'...'...."'.
sometimes
of theforestfloor.Smoke
firest11)...................in thehumus
Manyseparate
30,flamescamewithinthreemilesof thetownof
OnSepiember
onlyat midday.
thesun,whichwasoftenvisible
kiln.
1,200cordsof woodstoredat a charcoal
Bay,t13)...............
Green
worldand
fromboththeoutside
.....
increasingly
in theareawerebecoming
Thesettlements
t14)............
the
to waxandwane,(151..'........"'..'..'..'....."....'..0n
Thefiresseemed
linesburned.
andtelegraph
as railroad
oneanother
that"thefireshavenearly
hopefully
Eaglereported
andPeshtigo
30 theMarinette
OnSeptember
windandchance.
(16).................. nowin thisvicinity."
Baythat
wasso thickon Green
4, thesmoke
By October
Butthepaperwaswrong,andthefiresweregrowing.
to looking
reduced
7, thepaper,
OnOctober
......
by compass.
and(17|.....
shipshadio usetheirfoghorns
population
andthat
themosquito
for anyscrapof goodnews,notedthatat leastthesmokehadgreatlyreduced
downon thebayshorethathasbeen(18).......
"a certainestablishment
citizens"
....to therespectable
hadburned.
line,couldnotknowit, buta large,deep
of thetelegraph
by theburning
editor,(19).......................................
Thepaper's
forestof northeastit wouldturnthesmoldering
infromthewest.Thewindscircling
areawasmoving
tow-pressure
into(20)....
ernWisconsin
11.A. extinguished
12,A. obscured
13.A. damaging
14.A. frightened
15.A. depending
16.A. increased
17.A. steer
18.A. frequented
19.A. cut-off
20. A. peace
.......
onearth.
B. engulfed
B. burnt
B. consuming
B. lonely
B. independent
B. diedout
B. drive
B. obnoxious
B. burnt
B. heaven
C. spread
G. illuminated
C. avording
C. isolated
C. waiting
C. flared
C. guess
C. open
C. dismissed
C. hell
D. smoldered
D. exposed
D. licking
D. inundated
D. from
D. diminished
D. navigate
D. ignorant
D. chased
D. paradise
21 Gooduseof language
a detracts
from
b deteriorates
22 Complete
theformas
a insisted
its beautyanddevelopment.
d lessens
in thenotesbelow.
b specified
23 Heshuns
workas heis sucha(n)
a indolent
c ennances
b diligent
c implied
d devised
student.
c indigent
d indigenous
c jerry-built
d highbrow
grammar
24 Thestudent's
was
a well-constructed
b incoherent
was
25 Hisspelling
a ferocious
b incongruous
26 Thenoticeon thevillagateread:'
a Muggers
b Hijackers
c-apprehensive d atrocious
willbe prosecuted'.
c Stowaways
d Trespassers
27 Heliedunderoathin courtandwassubsequently
charged
with
a poaching
b forgery
c perjury
d usury
grammar
28 Notonlyis littleJohnny's
incoherent
andhisspelling
atrocious
butalso
hispunctuation
_.
a slothful
b sluggish
c hazard
29 I'mnota habitual
smoker,
butI occasionally
_
a enjoy
a
30 Wecoulddiscern
a constellation
b indulge
d haphazard
in a cigarette.
c divulge
d decline
of cottages
in thedistance.
b clutter
c cluster
d piled
All of the following verbs denote a sense of giving up. Study their definitions carefully
and then use the words to fill in the blanks in the sentences on the next page.
In some sentences, more than one verb may be appropriate.
abandon
leaveor withdraw completelyand foreveri give up or bring to an end

e.g. He abondonedhis wreckedcor on the freewoy.
forsake
(forsook-forsaken)desert;leaveforever;giveupcompletely
e.g. He forsookhis fortune to devote himselfto the church.
(a man may obondonhis home or forsokehis friends)
abdicate
give up officially(an officialposition,esp.that of king or queen)
resign
give up (a job or position)

e.g. A monorchabdicateswhile an employeerestgns.
quit
stop doing somethingand leave

e.g. He quit hisjob ond went obroad (quit is used informally)
surrender
give up or give in to power (esp.of an enemy),as a signof defeat

e,g. After doysof fighting,the enemyfinolly surrendered.
cede
give (usuallyland or a right) to another country or person,esp. after losinga war

colonywoscededto Spoinin 1752.
e.g. Ihe Louisiono
desert
(esp.of military service)leavewithout authority or permission

e.g. A soldierwho desertsfrom the ormy is severelypunished.
relinquish
give up (power,position,a claim,etc.)

e.g. One can relinquisha cloim, hopeor privilege,etc.
discard
(of somethinguselessor unwanted)throw awayor put aside

e.g. Don't discordyour troin ticket beforeyou reochyour destination.
evacuate
take all the people away from (a place);move (a person)away from a place
in order to Protect them from danger
e.g. Thedefeotedormy wasforcedto evocuotethe conqueredterritory.
renounce
give up (a claim);sayformallythat one does not own or hasno more connectionwith

e.g. He renouncedhis religionand becomeo Christion.
yield
give up control of (surrender)to superior forces

e.g. A politicionmoyyield to publicpressureond on ormymoy yield their positionto the enemy.
EXefCiSg A > > )
verb.
rirrinthebranks
withthesuitabre
wereach
shows
theroutebefore
themapwhich
1 lt would
bemostunwise
to
ourdestination.
hiswifeandchild.
2 Theinconsideraie
husband
took to drinkingandsoon
hispost.
wascourt-marshaled
for
3 Thecowardlv
soldier
people
4 As a resultof theearthquake,
thepanic-stricken
leaving
theirhomes
all
behind.
theirbelongings
hisprivileges
5 Thepresident
was mostunwilling
to
6 When
themanwentbankruot.
allhisfriends
him.
7 Ontheonehand,
I'mnotsatisfied
withmyjob,on theotherhand,
I can't
It won'tbeeasyto findanother
one.
8 Shortly
aftertherevolution
hadbroken
out,thekingfoundhirnself
obliged
to
9 Ourtroooswereforcedto
whentheywereoverwhelmed
by superior
enemy
forces.
whenhewaspassed
overinfavorof youngBrown.
10 Mr.Rankine
decided
to
peoplevowedto die in battleratherthan

11 Thebesieged
theirnational
territory
army.
to theinvading
12 Mr.Smithis a veryindulgent
father.
Healways
13 TheearlyChristians,
whodidn't
to hisson'swishes.
formed
theirfaithin Christianity,
usually
a partof thespectacle
in theColosseum,
youwashthelettuce,
youshould
14 When
15 Governments
don'tusually
EXgfCiSg B >>)
theoutside
leaves
first.
to pressure
fromtheopposition,
butfromthepublic.
R e a o t h e t e x t b e l o w a n d c h o o s e t h e c o r r e cAt ,wBoGr d
orDtofitthegaps.
Theimpactof theGreatDepression
wasas memorable
on Europe
anddecisive
in its wayas theFrench
(1)of theDepression
Revolution
or theFirstWorldWar.The
canbe precisely
dated.
American
stockmarkets
hadprospered
almostuninterrupiedly
sinceI92I andhadgrownfantastically
(2) halted;
for eighteen
months.
0n 24th,0ctober1929,ihe
sharepricesfellevenfasterthanthey
hadrisen,
wereruined.
andthousands
of _(3)
TheAmerican
financial
crashsoonhit Europe.
purchases
American
loansto Europe
hadalready
nowAmerican
stopped;
fromEurope
stopped
also.The
powers,
European
was_{4}
economy
balanced.
Recovery
hadbrought
a greatincrease
in productive
withlittlecorresponding
increase
in markets. (5) hadalsobeenmaintained
by thefloodof American
dollars.
NowEuropean
factories,
too,closedtheirgates.Within
two years,worldtradewasmorethan
particularly
halved,
Unemployment
soared,
in themoreindustrialised
countries.
Therewereovertwo million
in GreatBritain
unemployed
andsixmillion
in Germany.
I oonset
2 oboom
Soodventurers
b outset
b boon
b howkers
c offset
c bonus
c executives
d onslought
d boor
d speculotors
4 ocoutiously 5 oDesiitulion
b precoutionory b Prosperity
c orecoriouslv
c Dereliction
d precociously
d Expenditure
Task
One
in heavy type in the sentencesthat follow.

Try to fit the appropriateantonym in each blank.
Example: Offspring are one's children as opposed to one's parents.
obsoletehaughtyextrovertameliorateinhalesanityassets
obscureindolentacquittalabundance
prodigalancestor
I A descendontis o personihotis descended

fromon individuol
thotlivedo longtimeogoos opposed
io on
2 Toexholeis to breothe
outoir os oooosed
to
3 Todeteriorote
isto become
worseosopposed
to
4 A modernteoching
method
is usuolly
newondinvolves
theloiesidevelopments
os oooosed
io
5 liobilities orethesumsof moneyowedor debtsthotmustbe poidfromonecompony
io onother
os opposeq
TO
6 A well-knownwriteris knownfor ondwideos opposed

io
7 Modness
is onillness
of themindthotcouses
o person
to behove
inonobnormol
woyosopposed
to
8 Anoffqbleperson
is polite
ondpleosont
to others
osopposed
io _
9 Aneconomicol
person
spends
hismoney
corefully,
sensibly,
ondwithout
wosteosopposed
to
l0 Anintrovertkeeps
to himself;
heiswithdrown
rother
thonspending
iimewithothers
osopposed
to o{n)
I I Conviction
isihedecision
of o courtof lowthoifindssomebody
guilty
osopposed
to
I 2 A diligentstudent
is hobituolly
ondconstontly
hordworking
osopposed
to
I 3 Scorcitydenotes
o stoteof notbeingplentiful
so thotsomething
is noteosyto findos opposed
to
TaskTwo
type and substituiing it with the adjective derived from the adverb.
Make any other changes you think necessary.
Example:How can I possibly sleepin a tinyplace like this?

Answer: How is ff possrb/efor me fo s/eepin a tinyplace like this?
I Whathesaidsounded
utterly nonsensical.
2 Theywere abjectly poor.
3 Hewasabsurdlydemanding.
4 'CanI fly directlyfromRome
to Toronto?'
heinquired.
5 That's
whathisfatheractuallysaid.
6 lt'sgenerallyassumed
thatmoney
brings
happiness.
7 Wewereheartilywelcomed
by thevillagers.
8 TheEnglishavidly readnewspapers
andmagazines.
9 People
thinkhighlyof him.
Task
Three
in heavy type.
I In my opinion,
he is notversotile
os regordsteoching. I wiihreference
to
of
E irrespective
2 l'mofroidl'mot oddswithmy boss.
lT inogreement
l-'] in dicnnroomonf
tr defended
3 Hewosso persuosive
tholI covedin to
4 My soninvoriobly
turns o deof eor to my odvice.
L-I IOIIOWS
. goveinto
tr poysnoheed
5 l'm neverof eosebeforeon interview.
illoteose
. l'molwoys
slondoteose
. I olwoys
6 He hos the edge on you.
E he'sworsethon
thon
tr he'sbetter
7 Lei'swind up lheevening
witho drink.
tr stort
Lt I t n r s n
8 Hislecture
wos long-winded
ondtedious
. lengthy
tr briefondto thepoint
9 Thespeoker
helonisc.roie.ce
spell-bound.
0yTorce
L_J
tr withtheirottention
held
hisorgumeni.
osif bymogic
l0 He'sdown in the dumpsogc^
E heworksdown
inthepits
hefeelsdenrpsspd
nnd
miseroble
butthewage
histruemotivations,
to (11).............
HenryFordmakesit difficult
surrounding
Themystique
giving
his
Fordwas,by
hisworkers,
to motivating
in manyways.In addition
thecompany
benefited
increases
product.
Helater
(oranyat all),alsocreating
basefor his
a consumer
.. income
more(12)......
employees
a lot of customers.'
for on thatdaywe firstcreated
thatwiththe55 day"wereallystartedourbusiness,
claimed
andmaytrulyhavebeenanimated
movements
andpopulist
Buthewasalso(13)................. by theProgressive
hesaid,"andI'm
moneyto do somegoodin theworld,"
is making
enough
. . "0urcompany
by (14)
gladto do it."
did
5 wasthaiworkers
onJanuary
Whatfew noticed
it soonemerged,
camewithstrings.
Still,hisgenerosity,
jobs.
just
earning
on
averwho
had
been
Women,
by
doing
their
.
for
raise
the
notautomatically
{15).......
Ford
.....factorin industry,"
womenonlya (16)...
at all."l consider
age52.04perday,didnoi qualify
Menwouldhaveto livein Detroit
andget married."
wellso theycandressattractively
explained.
"l payourwomen
...
thefullamount.
beforetheycould(17)..............
andworkat theplantfor sixmonths
theworryof manyof
. Heshared
to (18)............
Eventhentheyhadto meetFord'ssocialstandards
paychecks
onviceandcheapihrills.Leeexplained
....theirenlarged
would{19)....
thatlaborers
thewealthy
andrightlivingandwouldmake
alongthepathsof reciitude
handicap
thatthemoneymight"worka tremendous
themoney
at [the]siartthatno manwasto receive
andso it wasestablished
thema (20).................to society,
andconservatively."
whocouldnot useit advisedly
11.A. engage
12.A. predisposal
13.A. influenced
14.A. ferocity
15.A. get
16.A. strong
17"A. earn
18.A. benefit
19.A. invest
20. A. convenience
B. pinpoint
B. imposing
B. touched
B. greed
B. meet
B. temporary
B. deserve
B. help
B. save
B. presence
C. underestimate
C. possible
C. lead
C. generosity
C. quantify
C. false
C. score
C. advance
C. squander
C. foray
D. favor
D. disposable
D. mislead
D. malice
D. qualify
D. unnecessary
D. demand
D. promote
D. double
D. menace
B. Filt the gaps in the following sentences with the correct answer A, B C or D'
21 The shop assistantsaid he would check to see if he had any more copiesof the book in
d storehouse
c suppry
in herhecticlife.
d over
c pasl
b beyond
a oelween
phone.
thatI didn'thearthe
in thebookI wasreading
23 | was so
gripped
c submerged d distracted
b
a engrosseo
b stock
a surprus
dayswerefew andfar
22 Suchrelaxed
24 ThedealerwantedS40 andI wasonlywillingto payf30, but we finallyagreedto

d divide
c split
b decrease
a 0r0p
sheis extremely
25 Farfrombeingplump,
b overweight
a lean
26 Thecowboyhadbeen
a slapped
didn't
27 Thepresident
b sculptured
b resign
your
plan
?
28 To whatextentis
-
c skull
d scalped
c renounce
d abdicate
d absurd
c pliable
privileges.
herlongestablished
reluctant
to
appeared
29 TheQueen
d quit
c discard
b relinquish
a surrenoer
hugeareaswtllhaveto be
accident,
30 Intheeventof a nuclear
yielded
c evacuated
d renounceC
b
a ceded
a palpable
l-
d obese
, he was evictedfrom office.
a abandon
c thickset
by the Indians.
b feasible
the difference.
aPPrec:ate
understandand enjoythe good qualitiesor valueof. You can appreciate beauty,or one's services.
calculate
find out somethingby usingnumbers.You can calculatecost, speed,expenses,etc.
estimate
judge or calculatethe value,size or amount of something,etc.

e.g. An expert estimatesthe volueof o diomondor makesor submitson estimoteof its value.
esteem
respectand admire greatly. When you esteemsomebodyyou hold him in high/greatesteem.

e.g. Ihe old teacherwosmuch lovedand esteemed.
deem
consider,think or regard
e.g. Youcon mokeany chongesto the plon you deem necessdry.
evaluate
calculateor iudgethe value or importance_ofsomethingafter studyingits good and bad points

e.g. /t's too eorlyto evaluotethe successof our new product.
appraise
make an officialevaluationof something.Set a price or value on, especiallyby authority of law.

e.g. ln approising,on officiol voluerfixed the pricefor Helen'sneckloce.
assess
determine the amount or value of property for taxation or other purposes.

e.g. Ihe revenLte
officiolossessed
her houseot t350,000.
Exercise
A
word from the words in the parentheses.
1 Thenumber
of votescastineachregion
willbe
at theendof theday.(evaluated,
deemed)
a peaceful
holiday
aflera yearof hardwork.(estimate,appreciate)
2 We all
3 Dr.Davidis heldin high
4 He
for hisvaluable
scientific
(appraise,
research
intocancer.
esteem)
thatit wouldtakehimtwo months

anda lot of monev
to renovate
t h ed e r e l i cotl dh o u s e( .c a l c u l a t e da, p p r e c i a t e d )
5 Do you
thisbusiness
venture
to befeasible
(deem,evaluate)
andlucrative?
6 By behaving
so meanly
hehaslowered
himself
in my
( a p p r a i s e e, s t e e m )
7 Beforebuying
theestateyouintend
to, whydon'tyoucalla surveyor
to
( e v a l u a t ec ,a l c u r i a t e )
8
theproperty?
thatwewouldreachourdestination
before
sunset
butthings
didn'tbearmeout.(evaluated,
estimated)
9 I hopewhenthe builders
howmuchit willcostto builda garage

onmy house,
(esteem,estimate)
it won'tbe too expensive.
10 Theinsurance
expert-
the amountof damagecausedto my car at f500. (assessed,appreciated)
, , lt willtakesociologists
sometimeto
c o u n t r(yd. e e me, v a l u a t e )
thestructural
changes
recently
introduced
in this
TaskOne
Rewritethe following sentences beginning with the word(s)

in heavy type. Make whatever changes are necessary'
Exampfe:Theymade Peterempty his pockets.Answer: Peterwas madeto empty his pockets.
it is for 0 youngpoetto eorn hisliving.

I Howdifficult
eochof the lifebootmen.

o medolto
2 Theypresented
to suithisneedsso well
possibly
hovefoundony other occupotion
3 Hecouldn't
foroll the trouble

wereblomed
4 Thetrodeunions
outingif we hod setouteorlier.

5 lt mighthovebeeno pleosont
this kind of tosk f romwhichwe oreexempted.

6 lt is specificolly
frommolnutrition.
wossuffering
thoi30%of the populotion
7 They
found
is exeriedonly ofterhisdeoth.
8 A mon'sreolinfluence
epidemic.
of on influenzo
inthemiddle
9 We.intheU.S.,
oreot present
of theenvironment
moyleodto o feorfuldestruction
science
onmodern
l0 Continued
reseorch
length.
I I Youmustdeolwiththis problemotgreoter
thonyours
hisquestion
I 2 lt is moredifficultto onswer
It
t
IL,
G",
TaskTuro
word(s) in heavytype.
out.
theshoot
of thembit the dustduring
I Three
n
5 gotdusty
position
2 Whothesoidputmein o spot.
.
E ino difficult
done. 3 beongry
3 He'llblowhistop if hefindsoutwhotyou've
tr
escope tr
runover.
4 Hecomewithinon oceof being
I hehod0 norrow
hereorepredominontlv
5 Mostof thevisitors
stock.
of northEuropeon
6 I hoveto sweotmy gutsoutto mokeo living.
'Not
7 'lsheo goodteocher?' by o longshot.'
werekilled
ino dilemmo
besod
heholds
olltheoces
5 mentolily
. workveryhord
I oncestry
obout
a loiter
. nototoll
. soso
tr lt isforbidden
n I don'tknowonylhing
obout
it
a reosonoble
n ienseondnervous
E insone
tr busyondworried
metophysics.
to meobout
8 lt'snousetolking
It's o closedbookto me.
9 He'sroundthe bend.
on.
thisnewployl'mputting
l0 l'mon edgeobout
Task
Three
type with a single word from the box with the same meaning.
Exampfe:I judged from the stateof the sl<ythata thunderstormwas coming shortly (imminent).
carcass avarice extortion incapacitated pageantry impunity replica
impartiality decapitation mob piety perjury amenities alimony armistice
is on offensepunishoble
by low.
I Obtoiningmoneyby usingthreots ond violence

2 The deod body
of thedeerwostornto piecesby lhe iockols.
forhisunbiosed
ondfoir iudgment.
is known
3 Theiudge
thelowwithfreedomfrom punishment.
4 Youcon'tdisregord
of thecity
theogreeoblefeqturesond focilities
5 Hemissed
is richin old troditionsond customspreservedomongthe commonpeople

6 Englond
fromherformer
husbond.
7 Sheliveson theollowonceby order of court
withgivingfolse testimonyto o court while underooth.

I Hewoschorged
of hisownyocht.
I Ihe modelwoso reproductionin exoct detoil

l o Greedfor omossingriches
ts 0 vlce
l l Theuncontrolledond disorderlycrowd of people
oufroges.
commil-led
opinion,
on ogreementmodeduringo wor thoi wouldstop hostilitiesfor o limited
1 2In monypeople's
periodof time
l 3 Hewos unobleto work
wouldbe on oc'or nigntreoson.

Cte' '"e occidenl
by hoving his hecd cut off

i 4 Hewos punished
Theywere menof true ond deep resgecf for God
NewDealproRoosevelt's
(11).... .. ...................
of WorldWarll,butFranklin
didn'tenduntiltheproduction
TheDepression
in 1934to shiftthejobof
wascreated
Commission,
grams(12)......
andExchange
to help.One,theSecurities
government.
must
anddealers
Todaybrokers
(13)...... .................
tradefromthestatesto thefederal
securities
...............
of theonein
onthe(16). ............
a depression
payments
we haven't
sinceexperienced
although
Of course
to buystocks.
largest
one-day
its
Dow
suffered
19,L987,
the
October
market
crash
extinct.0n
thestock
ihe SEChasn'trendered
the1930s,
pointloss.
points,
single-day
thelargest-ever
(17).. . .. ................
andonApril14,2000,it fell617.78
since1914,
thatby keeping
the
Galbraith
oncesaid."l thought
JohnKenneth
theeconomist
"l usedto bequitean(18)....................................,"
which
fatuous
optimism
(19).....
feckless,
the
kind
of
.
against
memory
of the1929crashalivewewouldhavea
I've
wealth.
of ever-increasing
by theillusion
people
....andeet (20)...........
to get in andshoveupthemarkets
caused
givenuponthathopebecause
too oftenagainsince."
we'vehadit happen
11.A. purge
12.A. asked
13.A. ruling
14.A. join
15.A. requirements
16.A. range
17.A. increase
18.A. optimist
19.A. knowledge
away
20. A. carried
B. end
B. aimed
B. freeing
B. announce
B. wishes
B. climb
B. collapse
B. egocentric
B. warning
B. enthusiastic
C. demise
C. suspected
C. regulating
C. ally
G. laws
C. scale
C. ferocity
C. illusionist
C. radar
C. swept
D. surge
D. failed
D. demanding
D. register
D. expectaiions
D. ascend
D. fall
D. pessimist
D. speculation
D. obscured
thedistrictfor thethief.
21 Thepolice
d penetrated
c ran
b brushed
a scoured
hebacked
out.
moment,
22 At the
d trifling
c crucial
b meaningful
a insignificant
was
at a highvalue.
23 Herhouse
c assessed d appreciated
b deemed
a considered
got!
he's
appearance
24 Whata(n)
d benevolent
c weird
b enormous
a nuge
to yourelders.
25 Don'tbe
c impertinent d respectable
b consistent
a affable
26 He'soneof thebestdoctorsin townandheldin high
d appraisal
c value
b estimation
a esteem
planyou
necessary.
to theoriginal
27 Youmaymakeanychanges
d deem
c esteem
b recommend
a evaluate
you.
great
to
importance
to
of
28 I'vegot something
c
impart
d deport
b
compare
a rmparr
it of airandlight.
29 Toomanytreesrounda house
__
a deprive
30 Thebloodthirsty_
a mop
b deprave
c deride
d derive
wantedto avengetheirleader'sdeath.
c clog
d flog
b mob
p l a g u e- c o n f l a g r a t i o-nd e l u g e- d r o u g h t- l a n d s l i d e
- e a r t h q u a k-ef a m i n e - d e s t i t u t i o n
avalanche-insanity-contamination-depression-subsidence-holocaust-gale
EXefCiSe
A>
> )
rne followingdefinitions
referto the wordsabove.Theyal haveunpteasanr
connotations as they are related to disasters, calamities, bad living conditions, natural phenomena,
etc. Study them carefully, and then fill each blank with the word that corresponds to its definition.
1 A wide-spread
scarcity
or dearthof foodthatcauses
people
to sufferfromextreme
hunser.
greatfloodaccompanied
2 An unusually
by heavyrainfallthat causesinundation
suchas that whichaffected
Noahandhis ark.
3 A longcontinuous
spellof dryweather
withmarked
lackof raintbatstemsthegrowthof plants.
povertyoftenaccompanied
4 Extreme
by lackof property.
5 Thesinking
of theearthto a lowerlevelbecause
of underground
movements
andworkings
6 A strongandviolent
windbutof lessforcethanthatof a stormor temoest.
7 A verylargescaledestruction
andlossof lifethatmayresultfromuseof strategic
weapons,
as In
a nuctear
war.
8 Theslipping
of a massof landfroma higher
to a lowerlevel.
pestilence
9 Anextremely
contagious
or epidemic
disease,
alsoknownas theBlackDeath,
thatdecimated
population
Europe's
in theMiddle
Ages.
10 A decline
in business
marked
by anextreme
slumpin production
andpurchase
of foodssuchas the
GreatCrashonWallStreetin 1929,
whichruined
international
traoe.
11A condition
or statewheretheenvironment
(water,
air,soil)is madeimpure
because
of harmful
chemicals
andpoisonous
matter.
12 Thefallof a massof snowor icedowna mountain
slooe.
13 A greator disastrous
fire,especially
onebreaking
outin a forest.
L4 A vibration
of theearth's
crustcaused
by disturbances
of theinnerlayersof theearth.
15 Anymental
disorder
characterized
by irrational
or violentdeviation
fromnormal
thinkine.
Detroit(11}..................................St.
Patrick's
Dayin Corktown,
a neighborhood
named
for themany(12).....
workers
fromOounty
Cork.Someof theoriginal
workers'
rowhouses
therearebeing(13|.....
...,andthe
areais listedontheNational
Register
of Historib
Places.
Theparade
coversabouta dozenblocksalongMichigan
Avenue,
onSunday,
March12.
TheMarch12 parade
in SanFrancisco
begins
at 11:30
a.m.at Second
andMarket
Streetsand
(14).........,............:............
to theCivicCenterPlaza.
SanFrancisco's
firstcelebration,
in 1851,
...............................
of a
t15)...
smallpartyin Hayes
Valleyanda Shamrock
Ballat a saloon
on Pacific
Street.Enthusiasm
for theholiday
waxedand
wanedovertheyears,but by 1956it hadbecome
(16)..............
with35,000marchers.
SanDiego(171...................
its twenty-sixth
St.Patrick's
Dayparade
on Saturday,
March11,at 11a.m.Glittery
LasVegas,
Nevada,
willhaveits fortiethoneonSaturday,
March18,at 11a.m.To thesouth,thelrishin Tucson,
Arizona,
willstepoutat thesametime.
(18)................. in bathing
suitsusually
linetheparade
routein theWaikiki
Beach
districtof Honolulu.
(19)...................to PatBigold,
a writerwhois halflrish,hiscity'sSt.Patrick's
Daycelebration
on March17is
(20).................. lt takesplaceat noon,
theclosestto theinternational
whichis 5 p.m.in Boston.
11.A. commemorates
12.A. immigrant
13.A. kept
14.A. detours
15.A. was
16.A. common
17.A. kicksoff
18.A. Audience
19.A. According
20. A. border
B. commiserates
B. vagrant
B. flooded
B. diverts
B. consisted
B. unpopular
B. forwards
B. Addressers
B. Assuming
B. code
C. celebrates
C. destitute
C. demolished
G. heads
C. devised
C. localised
C. redirects
C. Listeners
G. Listening
C. dateline
D- participates
D. hard
D. preserved
D. retreats
D. contrived
D. mainstream
D. hands
over
D. Spectators
D. Deliberating
D. season
B. Fill the gaps in the following sentenceswith the correct answerA, B C or D.

21 Theship'smastswereall destroyedin the strong
a gales
b deluge
c famine
d eruption
pairto become
22 Theywere,superficially
at any_,
a veryunlikely
friends.
aspecr
a
b chance
c extent
d rate
hadtriedto
23 Thekidnapper
herbefore.
a speculate
b abduct
c dispel
d infer
24 He'sa very
writerwhomfewpeople
haveeverheardof.
a wrinkled
b congested
c pale
d obscure
death_
25 Hisuntimely
thedecline
of theempire.
a shrank
b ameliorated
c precipitated
d exaggerated
26 Davidwasgivenallthe
for rescuing
thedrowning
boy.
a merit
b blame
c credit
d reputation
Empires
27
areborn,they_
andfinallyfallintodecline.
a profit
b culminate
c deviate
d convert
28 During
the_,
hewasafraidnoneof hisfamilywouldsurvive.
a famine
b destitution
c subsidy
d eloquence
29 Thewholeforestareawasdevastated
bv
a plague
b famine
c insanity
d conflagration
bearsandotheranimals
30 Hedgehogs,
thathibernate
remain
during
winter.
a superficial
b passive
c dormrtory
d dormant
wet
moist
damp
humid
coveredwith liquid
slightlywet
rather wet in an unpleasantway
(of weather) havinga lot of wetnessin
the air and usuallyvery hot
soaked
thoroughly wet
saturated so wet that no more water can be
absorbed
soggy
unpleasantlyfilled or covered with
water so that there is lack of firmness
EXefCiSe A > ) )
drenched madewet all over

sodden
filled with water, heavywith wetness
muggy
(of weather) unpleasantlywarm, not
dry almoststicky
sultry
(of weather")airlessand oppressive
NOTE:
lf youarecaughtin a downpour
with0utanumbrella,youbecome
either
soaked,
drenched
totheskin,drippingwetorsaturated.
lf it iscoldaswell,youmaybe
frozen
tothebone
0rchilled
tothemarrow.
ritt in the blanksin thefollowingsentences

withtheappropriate
wordfromthe wordsin the parentheses.
1 Don'tsit onthaibench,
thepaintis still
2 lt wasso hotand
. ( w e t ,s a t u r a t e d )
that daythat we decided

(humid,soggy)
not to go on a picnic.
3 Helooked
innocent,
andhiseyeswerehugeand
withtears.{sodden,
moist)
4 lt is during
therainyseason
inWestAfrica,
whenit is hotandhumid,
andpeople
feelstickyandtired,
that we speakof
weather.
{soaked,muggy)
5 To wipea window,
we normally
usea
pieceof cloth.(soggy, damp)
6 lt beganpouring
withrain,andallthesummer
hikersgot
. ( h u m i d ,d r e n c h e d )
7 lt wasfortunate
thatwe hadtakena pairof blankets
withus,whichwe spread
ontothe
ground
before
we satdownto restouraching
feet.(damp,muggy)
8 Whenplaygrounds
areprovided
withwater,children
arefondof getting
. (saturated,
wet)
places
9 Inunderground
suchas cellars
andcaves,
theair is dankand
10 Afterworking
in thefieldfor several
hours,
Joseph
was
. ( d a m p ,s o a k e d )
withsweat.(muggy, drenched)
EXefCiSg B > ) ) nrrtheverbsin thefollowingsentences

areusedwitha meaningdifferent
from
theiroriginalone.Replacealltheverbsin heavytypewithanotherverbor phraseto showthatyouunderstandthewaythey'reused.
Example:TheQueen'sson was createdPrinceof Wates(appointed)
1 He'sa manof esteemwhocommandsresoecr.
2 All the peoplein the villageobservedthe traditions
handed
downto thembv theirancestors.
3 Thecargatheredspeed
andwassoonlostfromsight.
4 Thehouse
willfetch at leastf270.000.
5 We wereoverwhelmed
by the heartywelcome
theyextended to us.
6 lt's absurdto entertain sucha foolishidea.
7 Themanager
flatlyrefused
to commithimself.
8 Themedicine
shouldbe administeredaccording
to the prescription.
9 Wewouldliketo adviseyouthatyouraccount
withushasbeenoverdrawn
sinceMav6th
l0 Thebankrefused
to back therrplan.
TaSk Ong > ) ) Severalnouns can be formed from phrasalverbs.Study the definitionsof the
followingnouns and then fill in the blanks in the sentencesthat follow with the appropriatenoun.
usually
distributed
at a press
conference. A buildupis anincrease,
a gradual
accumulaA brush-off
is a clear
refusal
to listen
to
tionof buildings,
troops,
traffic,
etc.
somebody
or to befriendly.
Anoutcastisa person
whoiscastoutfrom
A crackdown
is thetaking
of severe,
his
home
or
country.
One
rejected
and
repressive,
disciplinary
orcorrective
measures Anoutbreak
isa sudden
orviolent
appearance
dpqnicod hv qnriotv
against
somebody.
or beginning
of sthing
bad(said
of a passion
or of a disease
affecting
large
numbers
of
A showdown
isanactthatbrings
anissue
A lockoutistheclosing
of a factory
orother
people)
(usually
placeof business
a serious
disagreement)
to a head.
byemployers
inorderto make
isanescape
usually
froma prison. employees
onstrike
come
to terms
with
(attendance)A breakout
A turnoutisa gathering
of people
management.
the
quantity
produced
(output).
or a
A breakaway
is theactof escaping
fromsb,
turnoveristhemoney
value
of sales
in
a group
or a badhabit.
A take-over
is anactof gaining
control,
period,
a business
fora given
or thenumber
especially
of a company
bybuying
mostof its
A
breakthrough
is
a
new
discovery,
especially
of workers
wholeave
inthatoeriod.
shares.
inresearch,
knowledge,
understanding,
etc.
press
A handout
is printed
information,
stowawayis a person
whohidesona ship
or a plane
to geta freejourney.
promised
I Thehead
of thepolice
thatthere
would
soonbea severe
onviceanddrugoffenses.
group
partyformed
2 The
within
theoldpolitical
a newleftwinginparliament.
powers
3 Shortly
afterthesummit
conference
of thesuper
onnuclear
disarmament,
a
wasdistributed
points
to journalists
summarizing
themain
discussed
init.
4The-,hiddenina|ife-boatontheupperdeck,wasdiscoveredaccidenta||ybyamemberofthecre
andwashanded
overto thecaotain.
proposals
5 Theworkers'
refusal
to accept
themanagement's
ledto thelatter's
declaring
a_
inthefactory.
6A||midd|e-sizedoi|companieswor|dwideare|ike|ycandidatesfor-byhugemu|tinationa|compan
7 Scientists
arehovering
0nthebrink
of a major
inthetreatment
of thisincurable
disease.
8 Mr.Jones
hada _
withthemanager
which
resulted
inhisresignation.
9 Themassive
weapons
of nuclear
ona universal
scale
threatens
theveryexistence
of mankind.
10Thevalue
of goods
andservices
soldabroad
lastyearamounted
to f50.000,
almost
doubling
thecompany's
11The_
of theSecond
World
Warwasini939.
12The_
fromtheconcentration
camp
where
wereheldoccurred
captives
onewinter
night
in1943.
13Theyalways
partof theircircle
wanted
to getridof him,theydidn't
likehimbeing
They
of friends.
treated
him
d)
dtl
14Thousands
of zupporters
of theConservatives
attended
therally.
lt wasa g000
_.
15Hewantedtogooutwithher,buta||hegotWasa-.
in Englisharefrequently
usedin everydaytanguage.
TaSk TWO> > > COLLOCATIONS
Fillin the blanksin the followingsentences
withthe appropriate
wordto forma collocation.
Example:He didn't show up afterall. ('afterall' is a coltocation).
I Reloxondtokeit eosyfor o while,ond
olldon'tponic.
2 Weorrivedof thetheoierin
lrme.
3 Johnwillbe herebefore
4 Sheknewshewosn'tbeinglistened
to,butollthe
shewenton speoking.
5 Things
ore looking
up in thebusiness
for theiime
6 People
wouldcomefrom
ondwideto visitlhecostle
onditsfomous
iower
7 He'srightto o certoin
8 Mostof theconvicts
hovebeencought,
butI thinkthereoretwoorthreeof themstill
9 lt is notthotthemonwosungenerous;
for
il.
l0 Moryis by
ployer
thebesttennis
intheclub.
ll So
for music.
Let's
dosomeworknow.
I 2 Allschools
orecloseduntil
n0itce.
I 3 | preferbodminion
to squosh;
it is notsotiringforone
l4 lf youcondoollyourshopping
otonesupermorket,
somuch
the
youlikeo couple
I 5 Would
of bucks?
No,butthonks
thesome
l6 For
, l'vedoneihe rightthingin my life
I 7 Boring
lecturers
usuolly
speok
ol
l8 Wl"enever
I sendPeteon on errond.
he'sbockin
l9 Wedidn'fexpectheovylossesin theoir;ofter _,
20 Weqo outoncein o
without
reolly
soying
verymuch.
to notime.
we hodsuperb0irc,o*
r0rge
with
TaSk Thfgg> > > Fittin the blankspacein eachof the followingsentences
VERBSwhich,alongwiththe noun,forma verbalexpression.
the appropriate
Shakehands,take fright,pay a visit areverbalexpressions.
himto
fireto hisownhouse,
I Insanity
caused
it
miracles.
2 Takethismedicine;
he
hisowntrumpet.
hedoesallthetopjobsintheoffice,
3 Because
ready
to _
a compliment.
4 She's
always
I do.
faultwithwhatever
5 Mywifealways
_
6Ameetingisgoingtobe-attheTownHa||nextWednesday.
sailwhenthestormabated.
7 They
wereableto
hehasread!
count
of allthebooks
to
8 Howstrange
purpose
remark
would
hisfoolish
9 | failed
to seewhat
I knew
it wastimeformeto go.
to
thehour,
10When
thetowerclockbegan
youshould
heart;
nextyear.
try again
11lf youdon'tpasstheexam
thistime,don't
poacher
Ages,
it wasn't
rareto seea
be
to death.
12IntheMiddle
a hardbargain
before
we wereableto reachanagreement.
13We
yourmoney
if youinvestit in thatcompany.
14You
theriskof losing
hisownbusiness
soheturned
down
a proposal
to enterintoa partnership
15Myfather
likes
_
withanother
company.
16| wishyouwould
anearto mefromtimeto time.
17Whi|eattendingthera|ly,|-sightofano|dfriendofmineamongthecrowd.
nooccasion
18I've_
to meethimrecently.
normally
busylives.
19Businessmen
fortheyounger
ones.
20 You,
astheoldest
boyhere,
should
anexample
TaskFour
-ate or -fy. Makeany otherchangesnecessary.You

are alsogiventhe firsttwo lettersof eachverb.
company
Exampfe:Theintroductionof computersinto the operatingsysfemof the multi-national
:
will make the handlingof informationeasier.
Answer: make easier facilitate
quietenhimdown,(pa_)
1 Hewassoenraged
at theireffrontery
thatnothing
could
(de_)
is becoming
worse.
2 Hishealth,
farfromimproving,
(de_)
bytheAllied
Forces.
3 Theinvading
armywasutterlydestroyed
(de
4 Carslosetheirvalueastimelapses.
)
(in
5 Thevictors
attempted
to instilltheirbeliefsintothedefeated.
)
(te_)
gaveevidence
theaccused
enterthebank
carrying
a shotgun.
thathehadseen
6 Thewitness
foodwasshipped
backto themanufacturers
asbeing
impureandlikely
7 Thewhole
consignment
of canned
(co
to causedisease.
)
(pe_)
irrespective
of theirrarity.
with holesin themarevalueless
8 Stamps
wasdeclared
nullandvoidbythecourt.(nu
of thedeceased
9 Hisclaim
ontheproperty
'lf
(no
youth.
saidMaryto theinsistent
10 youkeeppestering
me,l'll let the policeknow,'
)
)
(co
workedtogetheronthebook.
11Thetwoauthors
)
(fa
wasbasedon falselyinvented
evidence.
12Theaccusation
)
countries
wasconfirmedandformallyaccepted
13Thepeace
treatybetween
thetwowarring
(ra
respectively,
bytheirParliaments
)
(li
14When
becomes
liquid.a tremendous
energy
forcewillbereleased.
thissolidsubstance
- arejustas
- (1U. ... . . ..............,
freedom
ideals
democracy,
Now,nearly
40 yearslater,theColdWaris over,butChurchill's
century"
a twenty-firsi-century
relevant.
SoWestminster
decided
to giveits galleries
"onthe lionof thetwentieth
a "leadership
corridor"
compares
himwith
heavily
onWorldWarll andthe"Sinews
of Peace"
speech;
andwriting,
concentrating
gala,anda keynote
witha community
luncheon,
black-iie
address
by the
andcontinues
overtheweekend
ter andgranddaughter
(16).
TVnews
.. . ..................
ChrisMatthews.
predictions
proved
..... ...............
to be.Of course
his
Another
exhibit,
to theColdWaritself,showshowtrueChurchill's
{171....
(18)... . ...............
in Richmond
wasa longtimecoming.
Whenhearrived
threedaysafterhisWestminster
speech
to address
he {19}..............
hehadcreated.
theVirginia
General
Assembly,
thecontroversy
"Youhavenot askedto seebeforehand
knowin their
whatI amgoingio say,"heremarked
to thelegislators.
a lot of thingspeople
"l mighteasily(20).......
in public."
heartsaretruebutarea bit shyof saying
11.A. persistence
12.A. ,refresh
13.A. exhibits
14.A. governments
15.A. is
16.A. celebrity
17.A. geared
18.A. vindication
19.A. accepted
20. A. conceal
B. vigilance
B. instigation
B. demonstrations
B. politics
B. kicksoff
B. mogul
B. denouncing
B. conviction
B. declined
B. blurt-out
C. power
G. update
C. evidence
C. tyrants
C. ends
C. anchor
C. commiserating
C. prediction
C. acknowledged
G. lieabout
D. fussiness
D. renew
D. gadgets
D. rulers
D. continues
D. hotshot
D. dedicated
D. pessimism
D. greeted
D. assume
21 Wehadto
to get throughthe low doorway.
a 00w
b shrug
c sloop
d kneel
22 Whenthecompany
closeddownbecause
of financial
difficulties,
I wasmade
a frivolous
b surplus
c disabled
d redundant
journey
23 Our
China
was
withdifficulties.
through
b surrounded
a oeset
c assaulted
d devoid
24 lt was teemingdownwith rainandwe all got
a dripping
b humid
today.
c oamp
d soaked
youlook_
25 \[iary,
promoted
b modified
a
c gorgeous
d avid
26 Godis
a omntvorous
b omnipotent
c herbivorous
d carnivorous
possibly
27 lt wasso hotand
thatdaythatwe couldn't
havegonefor anouting.
b sultry
a moist
c frozen
d soggy
28 Shedidn'trealize
at thattimehowdulland
herlifehadbeen.
a dreary
b enchanting
c engrosseo
d exciting
29 lt'sabsurd
to
sucha foolish
idea.
a extend
b entertain
c administer
d commit
quote
30 Experts'will
lQtestsamongschool-goers
and
theresulis.
a promote
b take
c administer
d complete
ii
EXefCiSe A > > )Vtatcfr the wordsin the boxwiththeirantonymsbelow.
A conel,usive
F advocate
B incurable
G indolent
L active
2 aversion
6 docile
7 atheistic
C in the pink
H propensity
D out of the blue

I illiteracy
E boisterous
J pious
5 ill
4 oppose
3 expectedly
8 inconclusive
10 literacy
_
9 curable
EXefCiSe B > > )Now, fill in the blanksusingthe wordsabove.
L Hisessaypaperwasbasedonthewidespread
inAsia.
evidence.
was acquitteddueto
2 Thedefendant
to arrive
to be in NewYork,seemed
3 Scott,whowassupposed
youcertainly
look
4 Well,Mrs.Jones,
from
sincevoureturned
yourholiday.
wereas
5 Thechildren
as lambs.
diseases
it seemsthatmore
the2ist century,
6 Aswe approach
arecropping
upthaneverbefore.
7 Therewasa
hero,
crowdwaiting
to seethebasketball
Michael
Jordan.
as though
hehasa natural
butit seems
8 | don'tknowif I'mthecause,
to argue.
9 Heis saidto havebeena
States
10 InbothWorldWars,theUnited
manwhoservedhischurch
dutifully.
Germany.
Task
One
contains a DERIVATIVEof the word in heavy type.
Exampfe:ln 1975,the countryobtainedits independence.

Answer:ln 1975,the countrybecameindependent.
I In
.l975,
NewGuineo
become
o sovereignstote.
.l975,
In
Austrolio
wosforced
to glveup
overihe islond
2 lt'so notiondiversein eihnicelements.

lt'so notionmorked
by ethnic
3 Wewereenchonted
bytheirspontoneous
welcome.
Wewereenchonted
bythe
of theirwelcome.
4 Timbering
hosdevostotedthecountryside.
of thecountryside
is oscribed
to timbering
The
5 Villogers
oresuperstitious.
Villogers
orefilledwith
6 Theybelievein spirits.
Theyhoveo sirong
inspirits.
7 Somevillogers
prociice
oresorcerers.
Somevillogers
I SirLokoloko
reconfirmedthenotionol
philosophy.
philosophy
of thenotronol
wosgivenby SirLokoloko.
I Thepeopleorepoor.Thepeoplelivein
l 0 Iheysuffer
frommolnutrition.
Theyore
l l It is o country
of highilliterocy.lt is o couniry
witho highpercentoge
of
people
l 2 A lotof people
oppeored
to behungryondill.
A lotof peopleoppeored
lo be suffering
from
ond
youoso sporsely
I 3 NewGuineo
populoted
strikes
country
The
of populotion
in NewGuineo
is striking
l4 Thepeopleorepious,hord-workingondoboveoll nqive
Thepeopleoremorked
by
ondoboveoll
l5 Most0re0sonlhe coostorecovered
withswomps
Mosl
oreosorecovered
wilhswomps
l 6 Theyputolliheirefforts
intoprestigeproiects
Theproiects
theyputolliheirefforls
intoore
TaskTwo
-ate
ending in
Complete the verbs based on the definition given in the sentence printed before it.
Example:Thingsthat occuraftereachotheror followin turns.

Hislife al _between
work and s/eep.(Answer:alternates).
I Toputon endto something.
I he choirmonte
thediscussion
by collingthe memberslo voleon theproposedmotion
2 Tostortto findtheoriginof something.

Thedisputeoverlhe sovereignly
of the islondor_
in thehotredbelweenthetwa ^e r^c.. .e
counlnes.
3 Togivepeopleon inieciion,
colledo voccine,
io proteci
themfromdiseose
couseo
0v c:--s
Thedoctorvo
oll themembersof thelocoltribeoqoinstconlooious

J,ie.lsrs
4 To be powerful,
importonl
ondhovecontrol
overpeople
orthings.
OnceEuropedo
overtherestof thewoildby colonising

monyportsof it
5 Tochoose
someone
thought
suitoble
for o iobondoppoint
himto office.
ThePilmeMinisterno_
o commitleeto investigote
lhe chorgesbroughtogoinsthisfinonce
minislersby theopposition.
6 Togetridof something
by removing
il completely.
ln o welforestofepoverlyshouldbe el
7 Toorgonize
theeffortsof thepeopletokingportin o proiect
ondputtheiroctivities
intoproperrelotion.
Productivity
conbe increosedif we co
orgonizotion
withhordwork
8 Tocontribute
or givemoney
to o chority
without
osklng
foronything
in return
Mrs. Thomos
do
f]000 to the children'shospitol.
9 Togive0n 0re0o porticulor

description
so ihoto funclion
is eitherollowed
or nolto occurin il
Smoking
is prohibitedin the non-smoking
de
I 0 Towontto feelyoungondvigorous
ogoin.
Monyo womoncherishes
theillusion
thotcosnetics
conre
her.
Task
Three
is incorrect.Write
the correctword which is similarin form to the word in heavytype.
Example:TheReverendDoubtedockpreacheshereon alternativeSundays.
Answer: alternate
SENTENCE\4TTHMISTAKES
CORRECTWORDS
I Thenolionyouputforwordwillbe discussed
ot o consequentmeeting.
2 Hecometo convqsmyvotein theforthcoming
election.
likelo tronsoct
withsuchon insolublecompony.
3 | wouldn't
business
4 Youngpeopleof on impressiveogeconeosilybe monipuloted.
5 Weoreolwoysgivenpreferobleireotment
in thishotel.
of theirroisesondthreotened
6 Postponement
redundoncies
werethestriker's
moingriefs.
7 | con'tpossibly
eotthisfood;il's indelible.
to ployto suchon oppreciobleoudience.
8 lt is enioyoble
9 Heis illegiblefor thepost.
I 0 Hewosveryonxious
lo leornsomething
of thecontogiouscountries.
I I Hisbookwosbosedon imoginobleincidents
ondchorocters.
monywildlifespecies
l2 Unfortunotely,
orenowvirtuouslyextrnct.
I 3 An informotivedenounced
himto theouthorities.
I 4 A friendthotconbe depended
on or trustedis dependent.
tox on overtime
mighlocios o stimulontto industry
I 5 Lowerincome
eornings
er1
(1f1...........
areveryimportant
.for thestate.Todaythecasinos
in 1931to increase
in Nevada
waslegalised
Gambling
(121................
gangster
we remember
is
the
growth
owner,
and
casino
Bugsy
Siegel,
the
Las
Vegas.
financial
of
for ihe
potential
gold
minein the
a
late
1930s
and
saw
boss,Siegel
cameto LasVegasin the
syndicate
most.A Capone
hissynOffering
NewYork,andCalifornia.
usedto takebetson horseracesin Florida,
thatcasinos
bookoperations
services,
at a lowerpricethananyof theexisting
WireService
to thebookies
Continental
dicate's
race-reporting
raisedihe pricesand
(141 .. ......
abruptly
Siegel
thecompetition,
(13)................
in 1942,hauing
Then,
themarket.
Siegel
profit
by Siegel's
connecandfrightened
for raceresults,
another
source
a
sharefromeachbook.Without
demanded
thecasinos
tionsto Capone,
t15). .. ... .
on a
finished
in 1946.(161.................
Hotelwas
Theambitious
Flamingo
startedhisowncasino.
Siegel
Withtheprofits,
gamWestern
a
faux
resort
rather
than
be
an
elegant
Highway
and
designed
to
stripof landalongtheLosAngeles
lt also(171................
thesuccess
forevermovedthefocusof LasVegasawayfromdowntown.
blinghall,theFlamingo
heritage,
European-style
castof theirWestern
Freed
fromthe(18)................
as thetown'smajorindustry.
of gambling
in1947,buthis
execution
wasshotin a gangland
Siegel
theyearsafLerL946.
nosandresorts(19)...............in
hkeCaesar's
PalaceandTheSands.
(20). . .....liveson in thegaudyformalism
of casinos
11.A. insurance
12.A. developer
13.A. pinched
14.A. eliminated
15.A. attacked
16.A. Attached
17.A. promised
18.A. border
19.A. grew
20. A. legacy
B. taxes
B. politician
B. cornered
B. wasted
B. profited
B. Situated
B. generated
B. conservativeness
B. flowered
B. memory
C. preoccupation
C. trickster
C. managed
C. killed
C. capitulated
C. Fixed
C. ensured
C. confines
C. crumbled
C. personality
D. revenue
D. antagonist
D. spread
D. encouraged
D. obliged
D. Separated
D. demanded
D. boredom
D. flourished
D. generosity
21 Davidis marriedto Mary,so heis her
d spouse
c prasma
b fiance
a eyesore
spinsa
22 A spider
c yarn
b fare
a race
place.
liveshere.lt's a very_
23 Nobody
perpetual
c boisterous
b
a desolate
24 Nobodylikesteachingthat _
d web
d responsive
class.
d responsive
c boisterous
b quiet
yourmoneymoresensibly.
c accommodate d budget
b adapt
a advocate
power.
goes
rmmense
in thestreet,buthe
unnoticed
26 Thatlittleman
d practices
b handles
c wields
a swrngs
between
himself
andotherpeople.
withhim,heputsupa _
27 lt isn'teasyto makefriends
d boundary
c border
b barricade
a barrier
period
going
in business
rightnow.
through
a(n)
28 We'reat a looseend;we're
c fast
d indolent
b dearth
a slacK
a responsible
25 Youmusttry to _
29 Thebookwas cheaperthanI had
a surveyed
30 Davidlooked
a fancifully
c insisted
d preserved
b anticipated
in hisattemptto attractattention.
clumsy
c absurdly
d reasonably
b oddly
r&q
fJ$#*
T h e V o c o b u l o r y F i l e s s e r i e s c o n s5i B
s tosoolf< s , 6 4 p a g e s e a c h , f o r C E F LAel v- 4e2l s- :B l - 8 2 - C l
in differentareas.
The aimofthe seriesis to givestudentsthe chanceto expandiheir vocabulary
topic; the vocabularyis taughtthrougha varietyof
Eachunit dealswith a commonVocabulary
them more livelyandinteresting'
to mal<e
exerciseswith lotsof illustrations
Thisseriescanbe usedasTime Fillers;whenteachershavesomeextratime andthey need
it can
somethingto do to helpstudentsrevisewhat they havealreadybeentaught.Alternatively,
toPics.
in variouscommon
alsobe usedto helpweal<studentsenrichtheirvocabulary
LevelsB | , 82 and C I in this serieshavealsobeenwritten for studentswho are planningto take the
will needfor the
pointsthat IELTScandidates
IELTSexam.Theycoversomeof the mainvocabulary
that studentsacquire
sectionsof the exam.The vocabulary
WritingandSpeaking
Reading,
Listening,
in eachof thesebookswill helpthem to achievethe scorethey want in the IELTSexam.
areas,whichmaybe required
vocabularT
focuson topic-specific
The | 5 unitsin eachof thesebool<s,
focuson general
Exercises
health,
etc).
Some
education,
(for
economy
example,
in the IELTSexam
Many
of
thesewordsare
language.
of
the
English
in
all
aspects
items,whichcanbe used
vocabulary
works,writing
how
something
(for
example,
describing
tasksin the IELTSexam
relevantto specific
a house).
a letteror describing
The C I bool<alsofocuseson the AcademicWord List.Theseare someof the most frequentlyused
needto learnsuchwords in orderto get a highIELTSscoreand
texts.Students
words in academic
university.
speal<ing
studyin an English
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complete the table with the noun derivedfrom the correspondingadjective.

R e a o i tre te xtbelowandchoosethecor r ectwor

What are the nouns derivedfrom the adjectiveslisted below?

Mr.Jonesis no longerat this telephone

luxuriant- abundantin vegetation

imminent- likely to happensoon

ingenious- clever& skillful(n.ingenuity)

thecaptainand the crew.

rein- a long narrowstrap fastenedto the bridleof a horse

- give an opinionon somethingor someone

B. Fitt the gaps in the fottowingsentenceswith the correct answerA, B C or D.

very thin, tall and ungraceful

weak, lackingin muscularpower

delicate,usuallyin poor health

thin, extremelyweal<,as though

very thin, as thoughthe bones

weak and in bad condition

(connectedwith old age)

muscular strongwith well-developed

rather fat and heavyat the same

big and strong

largein body,bulkyand stout

EXefCiSe A> > )

- very difficultto stop or control

stout - rather fat and heavy

capitulate- surrenderon statedconditions;

vow - swearsolemnlythat one will do something

curtail - cut down/back on; reduce

A. Readthe text belowandchoosethecorrectword A, B C or D to fit thegaps.

stop someonefrom doingsomethingor something

make more difficult for someoneto do somethingor for somethingto happen

stop someoneor somethingfrom moving forward by blockingtheir path

make someoneunableto expressthemselvesfreely

stop the flow or spreadof something(usuallyliquid)

forbid someonefrom doing something (usuallyby law or regulation)

to make movement difficult

EXefCiSe A > > )

ritt in the blanksin the followingsentences

Tick the one word or phrasethat is closestin meaning

flavour(n)- distinctivetaste;specialqualityor characteristic

induce- persuadeor influence

Each word in heavytype is wrong and requiresreplacement.

l. I impliedfromwhathesaidthathewasin favorof my proposa,.

put an end to a law

EXefCiSg A > > >

exterminate destroysomebodyor something

Fillin the blanksin the followingsentences

snag- any sort of difficultyor obstacle

havingor showinga bad temper/

hard to accept,usuallyusedto express

Put the correctword in the sentencesbelow using

Thejob advertisementlisted many

C renovate- repairand returnto goodcondition() innovate- introducesomethingnew;makechanges

thatyou willdressup if yougo to a wedding.

of timeis an importantskillto learn.

Example:Theypredicted the resu/fsamazinglyaccurately.

3'Do youknowhim?' 'Wedo knowhim

A blow is a violent stroke given by the hand or weapon (to

Distress is a state or condition of great suffering,danger,

3 lf youore hord up you_.

<+ divert- whensb divertsyour attentionfrom sth importantyou