73

THE JEWISH ENCYCLOPEDIA

1870. He removed to Vercelli with his father (cl.

1836), who had been appointed rabbi there; and in
1838 he went to Turin to study under R Hillel

Tayyib

':teheran

tine technique; h e was called the "Hannibal of octaves." In recog nition of his ability he was ap pointed pianist t.o the Grand Duke of Oldenburg.
He wrote brilliant salon music, comprising a pianoforte concerto, caprices de concerts, mazurkas, noc
turnes, rhapsodies, waltzes, and transcriptions.
BIBL!Q(;RAPllY: Cbamplin, 011c. of Muiricandllfusi.cians; n-

Cantoni. He was successively elected rabbi of

Nizza-Monferrato, Saluzzo, Asti, and Triest. His
principal poems were published by Vittorio Castiglione iu the" Yelirl Kinnor" (Drohobycz, 188G). He
h1"lrirle Z e'ittt1t(I, 1850, l. 346; Baker, D ict. uf Mu1ric a11d
translated from the French " Les Prieres d'un Creur
Musicians.
Israelite." Marco Tedeschi was celebrated as a
s.
J. So.
preacher.
TEFILLIN. See PHYLACTERIES.
s.
v. c.
TEDESCHI, MOSES ISAAC : Italian transTEHERAN: Capital and commercial center of
lator, Biblical commentator, and teacher; born at Persia; situated about seventy mil es south of the
Triest June 6, 1821 ; di ed there .June 17, 1898. He
Caspian Sea. The chief development of the city
lectured on Bibtook place withlieal exegesis in
in the last llalf
tlie Tamud Toof the nineteen th
rah of his native
century, und er
Shah Nasir alcity, and occasionally deliy.
D in, w h o se
court physician.
creel sermons on
J. E. POLAK,
holy days. He
was the author
was a Jew. The
antiquity of Tcof th e following
h c ran is not
works: "Ho'il
great, since its
Mosheh," comexistence ca n
prising commcnhardly be traced
ta r i es on the
beyond the
Earlier Prophets
tweffth century_
(Goritr,, 1870),
the Book of Job
It appears grad (Padua, 1877),
ually to have
the Psalms (Leg
taken tl.Je place
horn, 1880), the
of the ancient
Five Megillot
Bai, which sank
and the Book
slowly into obof Proverbs (ib .
livion and is now
1880), the P en taa mass of ruins
teuch (ib. 1881),
in the suburbs
the Minor Prophof T eheran. Rai
ets (Tri est, 1887),
itself had a lon g
the books of
being
history,
Danie l , Ezra,
the ancient meand Nehemiah,
tropolis of Meand Chronidia mentioned in
Interior of the Great Synairogue at Teheran.
cles (Przemysl,
the Apocrypha
(From a pholof(raph by E. N. Adler.)
1889); "Musar
as Rages (Tobit
Melakim," a collection of ethical homilies based
i. 14 et .~eq.) or Rugau (Judith i. 15), in the Avesta
on th e Pir~e A bot (Triest, 1878); "Zeker Rab," and Old P ersian inscriptions as Ragha or Raga
an Italian translat.ion of the didactical prose-poem
(Vendidad, i. 15; Yasna, xix. 18; Bel.Jistun, ii. 70of Mussafia (Padua, 1878); "0?-ar Nirdefe Leshon
74, iii. 1-10). and in the classics as Hhagm (Strabo,
'Ibri," on Hebrew synonyms (ib. 1879); "Simi.m t 1, 3, 19, etc.). It is mentioned as an emporium
ha.Regel," homilies and glosses on the Targ um to
of .Jewish trade by lbn Khordadhbeh, 817 (see JEW.
Proverbs. The author's autobiography is appended
ENCYC. iv. 189, s.v. CoMMEHCE).
to the last-named work. He published also, in" HaTch eran covers a considerable area, as the wall
Asif" (1886), an introduction to the Minor Prophets.
which surrounds it is eleven mil es in circuit and is
BIBLIOGRAPHY: Zeitlln, Bib!. Post-Mendels. p. 394.
pierced by twelve gates. The Europeans reside in
s.
M. B.
the northern section of t he city, where the fore ign
TEDESCO, IGNAZ AMADEUS: Austrian legations arc located. The Jews live in a quarter
pianist ; born at Prague 1817; died at Odessa Nov.
of th eir own. In th eir daily life they are subject
13. 1882; a pupil of Triebensee and Tomaschek at
to much the same restrictions and disabilities as the
Prague. He made numerous successful concert Ga bars and the Arm enians ; and they were formerly
tours, especially in southern Russia, aud settled at liable to acts of persec ution which resulted in reduOdessa, although he lived for a short time at Ham cing them to a state of misery, ignorance, and degraburg (1848) and London (1856).
dation. A riot against them occurred in T ehcran
As a pianist Tedesco was distinguished for his as late as May 16, 1897. The Alliance I sraelite
0

Tehina
Tefxeira

THE JEWISH ENCYCLOPEDIA

Universelle has accomplished a g reat d eal toward

removing this condition of affairs hy betterin g the
position of the Jews in th e com munity and by establishing schools for the ed ucation of th e chiluren.
The Alliance report for 1904 shows a combined attendance of nearly 400 pupils at the two schools,
estab!islwd six years previously for boys and for
girls. The occupations of the J ews in Tcheran, as
else wh ere in Persia, are largely those of trarlers,
sil versmiths, wine-merchants, and petty d ealers.
T eheran has a total population of 250,000, including
about 5,000 J ews.
BmLIOGRAPHY: Curzon, PM"Ria and the P ersian Que.Unn, i.
300 -3"3, London, 1892 ; Benjamin, Pe1sia and tlte Persian.<,
Boston, 188(; : Basset, Land oj the Imams, New York, 188i;

74

who asked him to have pity on him and bring him

in to the town, where his wants might receive the necessary atte ntion. This placed Tel.iina in a quandary:
he was afrniu if he left his bundle he mi g ht lose all
his Sab:.iath provisions; aud if he did not aiu the sick
man, h e (Tcl.iina) would he uccounteti as gui lty of
death. His !Jetter impulses proving vi cto rious, he
carried th e sick man to a safe pl~ce , and th en wcut
bac k for hi s bundle. Meanwhi le it had grown dark;
am! the people, seein g him carry a bundle on Sabbath
eve, wondered, saying, 'Is this Ab!Ja T el.iina the
Pious?' T elJina him self was in doubt as to whet her
he Imel really violated th e Sabbath, when ~a miracle
happened: God caused th e St.Ill again to shine forth
to show that the Snbbath had not yet beg un , as it is
Wilson, Pers1:an L'ife anrr CnstnmH, New York, 1895: Brugsr.h,
Jin Lande cler Sonne. Be rlin, 1886; Univers I sraf>Ule, Aug.
wri tte n (Mal. iii. 20 [A. V. iv. 2]): ' But unto you
12, 1904; Bulletin de !'All'iance Israelite, 1897, p. 76.
that fear my name slml I th e sun of righteo usness arise
J.
A. V. W. J .
with healin g in his wings. ' " Later the punctiliou ~
TEJ:IINA, ABBA (called also Te~ina ben Essene became a fi erce Zealot (see ZEALOTS).
Perisha ["the Pharisee"] or J:lasida ["the pious
Eleazar ben Dinai is mentioned by Josephus sevone"]): A leader of the Zealots. To gether with eral times, while Tel.1ina is not. H e has been
ELEAZAR BEN DIN AI, he is mentioned in the remark - identified with t he A lexa nder mentioned togeth er
able dictum of J ohanan ben Zakkai cqncernin g th e with Eleazar b. Diuai by th at author (Josephus,
Zealots: "Since
"B. J." ii. 12,
the murderers
4; see ELEAZAR
have in creased,
IlENDIKAI); but
the expiation
Alexand er apceremony of th e
pears to be iden'eglah 'arufah
tical with Am[the h e if er
r a m, cited as
whose neck is
companion of
broken f o r a
Ren Din a i in
murder the pcr"Ant." xx. 1, \'; 1
p et rat or of
(comp. Cant. H.
which is uniii. 5: "In the
known ; Dent.
<lays of Amram
xxi. 1-9] has
[ ?] and in the
come into abeyd ays of Ben
ance because of
Dinai they atth e many murtempted to !Jring
d ers by th ese
about the Mesonly too well sinui c time by
known Zealots.
violence"; see
Such murderers
Gratz, "Gosch."
are Eleazar ben
3d ed., iii. 4i:ll ),
Dinai and T ewhereas it is
Synagogue of Asher tbe Physicia n at Telleran.
I.iina, who 'vas
quite possible
(From a photograph by E. N, Adler,)
formerly call ed
that T el.1ina is
' the Pharisee '
id ent i ca l with
and later on received the name of 'the Murd erer'"
'Avvtf3a~ who was executed by order of Farlus
(Sotah ix . 9; Sifre, De ut. 205).
(.Josephus, "Ant." l.c.; Gratz, l.c. p. 278).
K.
This T el}ina bas apt ly been identified by D crenTEJ:IINNAH.
Sec
DEVOTIONAL
LrTEllATUim.
bourg (" Essai sur l'Histoire et la Geographic de la
TEITELBAUM, MOSES: Austrian I:Iasid;
Palestine d'Apres Jes Thalmncls et !es Autres
di ed July 17, 1841. Accorcling to Low, h e signed
Sources Rabbiniqu es," i. 279-280, P aris, 1867) with
hi s nam e Tamar, this being the equivalent of
the Abba T ehina H asida of .E cc l. R ix. 7. Dercnbourg, howe.vcr, tak es the epithet "I:Iasid " to be Teitelbaum, whi ch is the Yiddish for Dattelironical; but be ignores the very nature of the pasbaum ="palm-tree." He oftlciatecl as rab!Ji , first
in Przernysl, and late r in Satoralja-Ujhely, to
sage to which h e refers and which is as foll ows:
which latter place h e was called in 1809. In
"Tcl)ina the E ssene [I.Jasid] with the ti tle Abba
[see Kohler, "Abba, Fat her," in "J. Q. n." xiii.
Uj hely he founded a I:Iasicli c congregation which
567-575] , r eturning to his native town on Friday was independent of th e Galician leaders. Ju 1822
afternoon shortly before the beginning of t he Sab- Teitelbaum was suspected of having supplied
bath, and ca rrying upon his shoulder a bundle con- amul ets to certain J ew ish cul prits who had
taining t he provisions for hi s household for the been cast into prison for libel , in ord er to assist
tllem in escaping. 'Vhcn called upon to vindicate
Sabbath, m et a disease-stricken man unable to move,