3 Primary Stages Comprising Quality Control of Concrete Construction - Civilblog

11/13/2015
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Suryakanta | June 27, 2015 | Concrete, Concrete Technology,
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Quality control of concrete construction
QUALITY CONTROL OF
CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION
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Quality of concrete construction on site can be accomplished in

http://civilblog.org/2015/06/27/3primarystagescomprisingqualitycontrolofconcreteconstruction/
1/7
11/13/2015
three distinct stages as follow

1. Quality control before concreting
2. Quality control during concreting
3. Quality control after construction
STAGE-1 (QUALITY CONTROL

BEFORE CONCRETING)
This stage of quality control consists of two steps.
1. Checking of specification requirements regarding excavation,
forms, reinforcement and embedded fixtures etc.
2. Control test on concrete ingredients (i.e. on cement,
aggregate & water)
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Quality of cement is ascertained by making compressive strength
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tests on cement cubes. However for effective control cement:

Should be tested initially once for each source and
subsequently once for every two months
Should be protected from moisture
Should be retested after 3 months of storage, if long storage
in unavoidable
Should be rejected if large lump are found in cement bags.
AGGREGATE
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CONCRETE LABORATORY
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Concrete aggregates should confirm to specified values as per

standard specification.
3 METHODS
OF
The quality of concrete is affected by different physical and

mechanical properties of aggregate, i.e. shape, grading,
properties of aggregated should be tested before using it for
DETERMINING
WORKABILITY OF
CONCRETE
concrete production.
October 29, 2015
durability, specific gravity and water absorption etc. these
The quantity of deleterious materials and organic impurities
EFFECT OF
should also be tested.

Bulking of sand is also an important property in several ways. It
COMPACTION ON
2/7
11/13/2015
gives wrong results when volume batching is done. It increases

water cement ratio which in turn reduces strength.
ENGINEERING
PROPERTIES OF SOIL
October 28, 2015
For effective control aggregates:

Are required to be tested once initially for approval of source
Should subsequently be tested once or twice daily for
moisture content and allowance should be made for
moisture content of aggregates.
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STRUCTURES
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WATER
impurities, it is necessary to store water for some time to allow
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them to settle down. In case of doubt concrete cubes made with
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The quality of water should be checked for the requirements as

specified in respective standard. Chemical analysis shall be
conducted for approval of source. In case of suspended
this water are tested. Average 28 days compressive strength of at

least three cubes or cylinders or specified size, prepared with
water proposed to be used shall not be less than 90% of the
average strength of three similar concrete cubes prepared with
distilled water.
STAGE-2 (QUALITY CONTROL

DURING CONCRETING)
Careful supervision during concrete manufacture is necessary for
all concreting operations such as batching, mixing, transporting,
laying, compacting and curing. Following precautions should be
taken during concreting operation.
SAND
EQUIVALENT
VALUE SOIL
& FINE
AGGREGATES (ASTM-D2419)
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TENSILE
STRENGTH
OF
HYDRAULIC
CEMENT MORTARS
(ASTM-C-190)
October 15, 2015
1. The concrete mix should be designed in the laboratory with

the materials to be used on site.
Next
2. As far as possible concrete should be batched by weight. If

weight batching is not possible, then volume batching may
be permitted through proper supervision in the presence of
engineer in charge.
3. During mixing the mixer should be charged to its full
capacity. The materials should be fed in proper sequence.
The speed of the mixer should be range from 15 to 20
revolutions per minute. The mixing time should not be less
than 2 minutes in any case. Segregation should be avoided
3/7
11/13/2015
while unloading the concrete from the mixer.

4. Workability of concrete is an important property of concrete
while concrete is in its fresh state. Therefore slump test or
compaction factor test should be performed to check
workability of concrete. About three tests should be carried
out for every 25 m3 of concrete.
5. Care should be taken so that no segregation takes place
during transportation of concrete.
6. Concrete should not be dropped from a height of more than
1 m. if the drop height exceeds 1 m chutes should be used.
7. To avoid rehandling of concrete it should be placed at its
final position as far as possible.
8. Vibrators should be used for compacting concrete. The
insertion spacing of internal vibrators should not be more
than 0.6 m. It should be drawn out slowly so that no holes
remain in the concrete. The frequency of vibrators should
not be less than 7000 cycles/minutes.
9. Curing should be done for a specified period so that
concrete develops requisite strength. Concrete should be
covered with hessian as soon as it becomes hard.
10. The form work should correspond to final form of the
structure. It should be checked before concreting is started.
The inside of the forms should be cleaned and oiled. The
forms should be removed after the specified period.
11. Concrete should be protected from hot and cold weather at
early ages. Concreting should not be done at temperature
below 4.50C and above 400 In very hot weather water and
aggregates should be cooled. Retarders of approved quality
can be used.
12. In very cold weather water and aggregates should be heated.
Accelerators of approved quality can also be used.
STAGE-3 (QUALITY CONTROL AFTER

CONSTRUCTION)
Once the concrete is laid and compacted, compression tests are
made on the cubes made out of this concrete. For ordinary
concrete, cubes are made out of the concrete made at work site.
The hardened concrete has to be checked for trueness in
dimensions, shape and sizes as per design specification. General
surface appearance of concrete should also be checked.
4/7
11/13/2015
Dimensions are ascertained by different measurements.

Reinforcement should have adequate concrete cover and if the
reinforcement is visible in part of a structure, the part should be
rejected or necessary actions should be taken accordingly.
Concrete strength is normally to be ascertained from cube or
cylinder samples tested at 28 days. In case the strength obtained
is less than the specific minimum, one or more of following steps
may be taken.
Load test and measurement of deflection and / or strain (the
quality of the structure can then be ascertained by
calculating back the concrete strength)
Cutting cores from the structures and testing them for
strength
Non destructive tests like Schmidt rebound hammer or
ultrasonic pulse velocity test. These tests give only a very
rough idea and are primarily used to ascertain the
uniformity of construction.
Chemical analysis of hardened concrete.
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BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
QUALITY
10 DIFFERENT
DIFFERENCE
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FOR BURNT
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SCAFFOLDING,
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HOW TO REPAIR CORRODED R...

Quality control of concrete construction

Quality of concrete construction on site can be accomplished in

three distinct stages as follow

STAGE-1 (QUALITY CONTROL

Quality of cement is ascertained by making compressive strength

tests on cement cubes. However for effective control cement:

Concrete aggregates should confirm to specified values as per

The quality of concrete is affected by different physical and

October 29, 2015

durability, specific gravity and water absorption etc. these

The quantity of deleterious materials and organic impurities

should also be tested.

gives wrong results when volume batching is done. It increases

For effective control aggregates:

impurities, it is necessary to store water for some time to allow

them to settle down. In case of doubt concrete cubes made with

October 19, 2015

The quality of water should be checked for the requirements as

this water are tested. Average 28 days compressive strength of at

STAGE-2 (QUALITY CONTROL

1. The concrete mix should be designed in the laboratory with

2. As far as possible concrete should be batched by weight. If

while unloading the concrete from the mixer.

STAGE-3 (QUALITY CONTROL AFTER

Dimensions are ascertained by different measurements.

No Comments | Apr 6, 2014

No Comments | Apr 6, 2014

CONCRETE IN HOT WEATHER

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Your email address will not be published. Required fields

WHAT ARE THE

CLAY FLY ASH

SOILS & ROCKS

COPYRIGHT 2015 CIVILBLOG.ORG. REINFORCING CIVIL ENGINEERS

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