ELECTRO MAGNETISM

1.How do electric appliances work?

Electrical appliances work due to the electric force.
Electrical force does work in displacing the charges.
Electric force Is independent of the state of rest or the motion
of the charged particle.
Electric motor, washing machine are some of the examples of
electric appliances.
2.How do electromagnets work ?
Ans. An electromagnet acquires the magnetic properties only when
electric current is passed through the solenoid.
Once the current is switched off, it almost loses its magnetic
properties as retentivity of soft iron is very low.
The strength of the electromagnet depends upon numoer of turns
per unit length of the solenoid and the current through the
solenoid.
3.Is there any relation between electricity and magnetism ?
Ans. The first evidence that, there exists such a relationship
between electricity and magnetism, was observed by Oersted.
When current carrying conductor, parallel to the axis of the
needle, and the needle was deflected, which was much against his
expectations.
On reversing the direction of the current the needle moved in
opposite direction.
4.Can we produce magnetism from electricity ?
Ans. We can produce magnetism from electronic current.
Ampere, with his Amperes swimming rule, explained the direction
of electric current and the deflection of magnetic needle.
1.Are the magnetic field lines closed? Explain.
Ans. The magnetic field lines appear to be closed loop, but we
can't conclude that, lines are closed or open loops by looking at
the picture of the field lines.
bcause the alignment of lines, that are passing the-bar magnet
should be considered.
If we observe the field lines by a solenoid, the field lines out
side the solenoid are continuous with those in side.
Outside the solenoid the direction of the field lines is from
north to south while inside, the direction is from south to
north.
Thus the magnetic field lines are closed loops.

2.See figure magnetic lines are shown. What is the direction of

the current flowing through the wire ?
Ans. The magnetic lines are in anticlockwise direction.
Hence the direction of current is in upward direction
i.e., out of the page.

3.A bar magnet with North Pole facing towards a coil moves
as shown in figure. What happens to the magnetic flux
passing through the coil?
Ans. The magnetic flux passing through the coil.induces current
in the coil. This current is called induced EMF.
This induced EMF is equal to the rate of change of magnetic flux
passing through it.
4.A coil is kept perpendicular to the page. At P, current flows
into the page and at 9 it comes out of the page as shown in
figure. What
is
the direction of magnetic field due to the
coil ?
Ans. To know the direction of magnetic field,we use right hand
rule i.e., *whenyou curl your right hand fingers, in the
direction of current, thumb gives the direction of
magnetic field.
According to this, the direction of magnetic field is as shown in
the following figure.
5.The direction of current flowing in a coil is shown in figure.
What type of magnetic pole is formed at the face that has flow of
current as shown in figure?
Ans. North. Since the current in the coil flows in anti clockwise
direction, north pole is formed at the face
we are watching.
6.Why does the picture appear distorted when a bar magnet is
brought close to the screen of a television? Explain.
Ans. Picture on a television screen is due to motion of the
electrons reaching the screen.
These electrons are affected by magnetic field of bar magnet.
This must be due to the fact that the magnetic field exerts a
force on the moving charges. This force is called magnetic
force. Due to this magnetic force,, the picture is distorted when
you remove the magnet, away from the screen, the motion of
electron is not affected by the magnetic force and the picture
will be normal.

symbol 'X* indicates the direction of a magnetic field into the

page.
perpendicular to the magnetic field. What is the magnitude of
force experienced by the wire? In what direction does it act ? a
straight long wire carrying current, along its length is kept
f from the figure, a straight wire carrying currentwhich is kept
perpendicular to a uni- form magnetic field B. This 'B' is
directed into the page. Let the field be confined to the [length
L. We know that#the electric current means charges in motion.
Hence they move [with a certain velocity called drift velocity V.
The magnetic force on a single charge is given by F0 = qv B.
Let total charge inside the magnetic field be Q. So magnetic
force on the current carrying wire is given by
9
F = Qv B. (1)
le
le
3
The time taken by the charge (Q) to cross the field be
(2)
| L L
t = = v= T V t

j.\ (1) => F = =>

Y
(LB) (3)
We know that is equal to the electric current in the wire.
Magnetic field
IS
(3)
t
B out of paper
Right hand rule for positive charge
F = ILB.
Direction of the force : The direction of force can be find
by using right hand rule.
Fore finger^points towards the velocity of current, middle
fingei^ points to the direction of magnetic field (B), then the
thumb gives .direction of force when the three fingers are
stretched in such away that they are perpendicular to each other.
^0E3SB
close to th
*
Activity I the screen. I ue to the fact I lied magnetic pove the bai I
agnetic force I
eg (CJlL) I
Magnetic! field (B)
Explain the working of electric motor with a neat diagram.
1)
Consider a rectangular coil kept in uniform magnetic field
as shown in figure.
Switch on the circuity so that the current flows through the
coil. The direction of current is shown in the figure.
2)
The sides AB and CD of the coil are always at right angles
to the magnetic field.
3)
According to right hand rule, at AB the magnetic force acts
inward .perpendicular to the field of magnet^and on CD, it acts
outward.

Electromagnetism <
4)
The top view of coll is shown in the figure.
5)
The force on the sides BC and DA varies because they make
different angles at different positions of the coil in the field.
At BC, magnetic force pulls the coil upland at DA magnetic force

pulls it down.
5)
The net force acting on AB and on CD^ is zero because they
carry equal currents in the opposite direction. Similarly the sum
of the forces on sides^BC and DA is also zero. So, net force is
zero, on the coil.
7)
8)
But the rectangular coil comes into rotation^ in clockwise
direction because equal and opposite pair of forces?acting on the
two sides of the coil.
If the direction of current in the coil is unchanged* it rotates,
upto half rotation in one direction and the next half in the
direction opposite to previous like to and fro motion.
If the direction of current in the c oil is changed the coil will
rotate continuously in
one and the same direction. Anticlockwise
rotation
10) To achieve this, brushes Bj and B2 are used.
Split-ring
Commutato
Brushes
Current : (reverses at half turn)
9)
11)
These brushes are connected to the battery. The ends of the
coil are connected to slip rings Cj and C2 which rotate, along
with the coil.
12)
Initially Cj is in contact with Br and C2 is in contact
with B2.
13)
After half rotation, the brushes come into contact with the
other slip rings in such away that^the direction of current
through the coil is reversed. This happens every half rotation.
14)
Thus the direction of rotation of the coil remains the
same. This is the principle used in electric motor.
15)
In electric motors ^electrical energy is converted
intornechanical energy.
Flux density B
77
Parallel
conductors
Galvanometer
Let us arrange an apparatus as shown in figure.
. , _

,
,
,
Flow of
induced
2), It consists of a pair of parallel bare conduc- current
tors^which are spaced T meters apart in
9.
Derive Faradays law of induction from law of conservation
of energy.

Ans. 1)
uniform magnetic field of 'B\
3)
We can hold another bare conductor in such away that it is
in contact with the two parallel wires.
4)
A Galvanometer is connected to the ends of parallel
conductors to complete an electric circuit.
5)
Now if the cross conductor placed across parallel
conductors is moved to the left, galvanometer needle will deflect
in one direction.
'""4 Electromagnetism
T 5) If the cross conductor is moved to the right its needle
deflects in a direction opposite to the previous deflection.
6)
A current will set up in the circuit when there is an EMF
in the circuit. Let this EMF be e.
7)
According to principle of conservation energy this electric
energy must come from the work that we have done in moving the
cross wire.
8)
If we ignore friction, the work done by this applied force
= Fs (where s is the distance moved by corss conductor)
9)
The force applied on the cross wire by the field B is F =
BH (1)
10)
The work done by us in moving the cross wire converts into
electrical energy. So the work done is given by
W= Fs
Substitute (1) W = BIIS
(2)
11)
Now as we move the cross wire to the left, the area of the
loop decreases and the flux through the loop also decreases. The
decrease in the flux is given by
A<J> = Bl s (3)
From (2) & (3) *
W = (A<(>) I Let us divide both sides by At
= 1
W
At
We know that electric power is the product of current and emf or
voltage e = ^ is obviously equal to the induced emf.
(5)
W
At
f M
At
= power P
Electric power P = el Electric power P = I

12) Thus the electrical power generated in the circuit is equal

to the product of induced EMF and the current. Thus the
mechanical energy utilised to move the cross wire in

(Atb;
I.
one second is converted into electric power I
This is nothing but conservation of energy.
Divide (2) by At
(6)
W Fs BIIs At 1 At ~ At
Here gives the speed of the cross wire, Let it be v.
(7)
W
Electric power P = = FV = BIlv

C*
Class t
Electromagnetism
Power is also given as force times velocity From (5) and (6)
W if
M =EI ~*J WjM
e/ = B l/v => e = B 1v.
10.
The value of magnetic field induction which is uniform is
2T. What is the flux passing through a surface of area 1.5m2
perpendicular to the Held ?
Ans. Magnetic field induction B = 2T
Area A = 1.5 m2
Magnetic flux (J) = BA = 2T x 1.5 m2 = 3 wb.
11.
An 8N force acts on a rectangular conductor 20cm long
placed perpendicular to a magnetic field. Determine the magnetic
field induction if the current in the
conductor is 40A <EZ53
Ans. Force acting F = 8N
length of conductor I = 20 cm = 0.2 m Current I = 40 A.
3.
Magnetic field induction B = ?
We know F = BIL
= 1 Tesla.
ins.
=*B = I= 5!
1/
40
A

0.2

fn

12. Explain with the help of two activities that current

carrying wire produces magnetic field. ^6EE353!I (Activity
1
&
2)
Ans. (Activity - 1

1)
Take a thermocol sheet^and fix two thin wooden sticks of
height 1 cm which have small slit at the top of their ends.
14.
Ins.
2)
Arrange a copper wire of 24 gauge#so that it passes through
these slits^and make a circuit.
3)
This circuit consists of a 3 or 9V battery, key and copper
wire which are connected in series as shown in figure.
4)
Now. keep a magnetic compass^ below the wire bring a bar
magnet. Close to the compass.
5)
The needle in the compass deflects* This deflection is due
to magnetic field produced by bar magnet.
6)
Take the bar magnet far away from the circuit and switch on
the circuit. Observe the changes in compass.
7)
The compass needle deflects.
8)
This deflection is due to the magnetic field produced by
current carrying wire.
fttPfujAical Scimcz
==4- Electromagnetism
*4
I Take a
Ip Place
plank.
Stand
Compass
needle
j Wooden

#>^5
wooden plank and make a hole as shown in figure.
this plank on a table. Now place a retort stand on the

plank

P Pass a 24 gauge copper wire through hole of the plank^and

rubber knob of the retort f stand in such a way that the wire be
arranged in a vertical position and not touch the stand.
4) Connect the two ends of the wire to a battery via he flux*
switch.
23^*5) Place 6 to 10 compass needles in a circular path around
the hole so that its centre coincides with the hole. Use 3 (or) 9
volt battery in the circuit.
6) Now switch on. Current flows through the wire.
arks
ar to a| 7) We observe that the compass needles deflects in a In
theft particular direction.
8)
The deflection of compass needles is due to the magnetic
field produced by current carrying wire.
The two activities mentioned above proves that a magnetic field
is produced around a current carrying wire.
FHow do you verify experimentally that the current carrying
conductor experiences a force when it is kept in magneticfield ?
I 1) A copper wire is passed through splits of wooden sticks.
luces L & 2
have
/ ted ir

o the
2)
Connect the wire to 3 volts battery.
13) Close the switch to make the circuit current passes through
the wire.
4)
Bring the horseshoe magnet near the wire.
5)
Then a force is experienced on the wire.
6)
Reverse the polarities of the magnet, then the direction of
the force is also reversed.
7)
The right hand rule helps the direction of flow of current
and the direction of current.
Explain Faradays law of induction with the help of activity.
1)
Connect the terminals of a coil to a sensitive
galvanometer as shown in the figure.
2)
Normally, we would not expect any deflection of needle in
the galvanometer because there is no EMF in the
r circuit.
3)
Now, if we push a bar magnet towards the coil, with its
north pole facing the coil, the needle in the galvanometer
deflects, showing that a current has been set up in the coil, the
galvanometer does not deflect if the magnet is at rest.
c&(JIL)
4)
If the magnet is moved away from the coil, the needle in
the galvanometer aggl deflects, but in the opposite direction,
which means that a current is set up in the <3 in the opposite
direction.
5)
If we use the end of south pole of a magnet instead of
north pole, the results i.e., {J deflections in galvanometer are
exactly opposite to the previous one.
6)
This activity proves that the change in magnetic flux
linked with a closed co| produces current.
7)
From this Faraday's law of induction can be stated as
"whenever there is a continuoui change of magnetic flux linked
with a closed coil, a current is generated in the coll* This
induced EMF is equal to the rate of change of magnetic flux
passing through |
Rotation
Brushes
15. Explain the working of AC electric generator with a neat
diagram.
Ans. 1) Consider a rectangular coil. Let it be held between the
poles of curve - shaped permanent magnet as shown in figure.
2)
As the coil rotates the magnetic flux passing through the
coil changes.
3)
According to the law of electromagnetic induction an
induced current is generated in the coil.
Direction of current:
1)
Consider initially the coil, positioned in such a way that
magnetic flux passes through it. When the coil is at rest in
vertical position, with side (A) of
coil at top position and side (B) at bottom position, no current

will be induced in it. I j this position, the current in the coil

is zero.
One complete cycle
No.pf revolution
Position of coil with respect to direction of magnetic flux
Zero emf coil vertical
Maximum emf, coil horizontal
Maximum
reversed
emf
pt_
10* CUe iter agai In the co
ts i.e., th
osed coi
ontinuou i the coil hrough i
E553
| 2) Wlien the coil is rotated in clockwise direction, current
will be induced in it flows from A to B. During the first quarter
of rotation, the current increases from zero to a maxin* mum and reaches peak value when the coil is in horizontal
position.
p3) If we continue the rotation of coil, current decreases during
second quarter of the rotation and once again becomes zero. When
coil comes to vertical position with side B at top and side A at
bottom. During second part of the rotation. Current generated
follows the same pattern as that in the first half, except that
the direction of current is reversed.
Using induced current :
1)
The ends of the coil are connected to two slip rings and
two carbon brushes are . arranged in such a way that they press
the slip rings to obtain current from the coil.
2)
When these brushes are connected to external device like
T.V etc., we can make them work with current supplied from ends
of carbon brushes.
3)
This current is called Alternating Current (AC), in \yhich
the direction of charge flow reverses periodically.
Explain the working of DC generator with a neat diagram.
1)
Consider a rectangular coil. Let it be held between the
poles of curve - shaped permanent magnets as shown in figure.
:ed in it.
2)
As the coil rotates the magnetic flux passing through the
coil changes.
3)
According to the law of electromagnetic inductipn, an
induced current is generated in the coil.
4)
If two half slip rings are connected to the ends of the

coil as shown in figure, this generator works as DC generator to

produce DC current.
Working :
1)
When the coil is in vertical position the induced current
generated during the first half rotation, rises from zero to
maximum and then falls to zero again.
t
/ : / No.of
\ j / revolution _
A
,
1
v
<U
fi

<u
xao
IV* Position of coll and commutator with respect to direction of
magnetic flux
Zero emf
deuce
{427)
f=
$cimce. ( CJli.) $
2)
As the coil moves further from this position, the ends of
the coil go to other slip ^
3)
Hence, during the second half rotation, the current is
reversed in the coil itself, tj current generated in the second
half rotation of the coil is identical with that durfl the first
half of the direct current (DC), for one revolution.
4)
Hence, this current is called direct current (DC).
II. ASKING QUESTIONS AND M/U<lNG MVPpTHEgS
17.
Rajkumar said to you that the magnetic field lines are open
and they start at non pole of bar magnet and end at south pole.
What questions do you ask Rajkumar 1 correct him by saying field
lines are closed ?
Ans. 1) If the magnetic field lines, start at north pole and end
at south pole, where do tl lines go from south pole ?
2)
What is happening within the bar magnet ?
3)
Are the magnetic field lines passing through bar magnet ?
4)
What is the direction of magnetic field lines inside the
bar magnet ? (Recall th solenoid activity).
5)
Can you say now, that the magnetic field lines are open ?
18.

As shown in figure both coil and bar magnet moves in

the same direction. Your friend is arguing that there is no

change in flux. Do you agree with his statement? If not what

doubts do you have? Frame questions about the doubts you have
regarding change in flux.
Ans. Agree : Yes. I will agree.
1)
The induced EMF will not produce when the coil and magnet
are moving in the s direction with same velocity.
2)
Hence my friend's argument is correct.
Disagree :
1)
What happens if both magnet and coil move in same direction
?
2)
What happens if both magnet and coil move in opposite
direction?
3)
What is the direction of the current in the coil ?
4)
If both move in same direction, is there any linkage of
flux with the coil ?
5)
When 'N' pole is moved towards the coil what is the
direction of current ?
6)
If magnet is reversed, what is the direction of current in
the coil?
(42gJ=
~
tePfajAical
Science (
^ Electromagnetism
pgs
the
ml
| III. EXPERIMENTATION AND FIELD INVESTIGATION
I
What experiment do you suggest to understand Faraday's law ? What
items are required? What suggestions do you give to get good
results of the experiment? Give
^JESSES
precautions also.
Aim : To understand Faraday's law of induction.
Materials required : A coil of copper wire, a bar magnet,
Galvanometer etc.
3rth LT tQ
539
the
Bocedure :
1)
Connect the terminal of a coil to a sensitive galvanometer
as shown in the figure.
2)
Normally we would not expect any deflections of needle in
the galvanometer because there is to be no electroI motive force in this circuit.
th<
3)
Now if we push a bar magnet towards the coil, with its
north pole facing the coil, we observe the needle in the
galvanometer deflects, showing that a current is set up in the
coil.
4)
The galvanometer does not deflect if the magnet is at rest.
5)
If the magnet is moved away from the coil, the needle in
the galvanometer again deflects, but in the opposite direction,
which means that a current is set up in the coil, in the opposite

direction.
6)
If we use end of south pole of a magnet Instead of north
pole in the above activity, the deflections are exactly reversed.
7)
This experiment proves "whenever there is a continuous
change of magnetic flux linked with a closed coil, a current is
generated in the coil".
Precautions :
| 1) The coil should be kept on an insulating surface.
sam
i 2) Bar magnet should be of good magnetic moment.
3)
The centre of the Galvanometer scale must be zero.
4)
The deflections in the galvanometer must be observed while
introducing the bar magnet into the coil and also while
withdrawing it. .
I How can you verify that a current carrying wire produces a
magnetic field with the
I help of an experiment ? ^522539
I Experiment:
1)
Take a thermocol sheet and fix two thin wooden sticks of
height 1 cm which have I small slit at the top of their ends.
21 Arrange a copper wire of 24 gauge so that it passes through
these slits and make a circuit.
JL
Electromagnetism
" "T
3)
This circuit consists of a 3 or 9V battery, key and copper
wire which are connect
series as shown in figure.
4)
Now, keep a magnetic compass below the wire bring a bar
magnet. Close to the compass.
5)
The needle in the compass deflects. This deflection is due
to magnetic field produced by bar magnet.
6)
Take the bar magnet far away from the circuit and switch on
the circuit. Observe the changes in compass.
7)
The compass needle deflects.
8)
This deflection is due to the magnetic field produced by
current carrying wire.
21. Collect information about generation of current by using
Faraday's law.
Ans. Faraday's law is useful in generation of current.
1)
According to this law, the change in magnetic flux induces
EMF in the coil.
2)
He also proposed electromagnetic induction.
2
Ai
3)
Electromagnetic induction is a base for generator, which
produces electric current.
4)
Transformer also works on the principle of electromagnetic
induction, which is help ful in transmission of electricity.
5)
Hence Faraday's law is used in the generation and
transmission of current.

22. Collect information about material required and procedure of

making a simple elec- trie motor from internet and make a simple
motor on your own.
Ans. Aim : Preparation of a simple electric motor.
Materials required : A wire of nearly 15 cm, 1.5V battery, iron
nail, strong magnet, paper clip.
Procedure :
1)
Attach the magnet to the head of the iron nail.
2)
Attach a paper clip to the open end of the magnet.
3)
Now attach the other end of the nail (Free end) to the cap
(positive terminal) of the batteiy.
4)
Now connect the negative terminal of the batteiy and the
head of the iron nail through a wire.
5)
We observe that the paper clip rotates.
Another model: %
<vy
Materials required : 1.5 m enamelled copper wire (about 25
gauge), 2 safety pins.1
batteiy. magnets, rubber bands or bands cut from cycle tube.
(430}
(
=SSS!^3>1iyAical Science
^procedure :
^ Electromagnetism
71# Hw coil diametrically outwards
1)
Wind copper wire on the batteiy nearly 10-15 turns to make
a coil.
2)
Remove the coil and fix the ends as shown in the figure.
.
3)
Scape the insulation completely on one end of the
| coil.
4)
Scape the insulation on top, left and right of the other
end. The botton should be insulated.
5)
Now complete the electric motor as shown in the figure.

DwIOMOMiMIM IfMMtftMMD

6)
We observe the rotation of coil.
Collect information of experiments done by Faraday.

Experiment - 1
1)
Connect the terminals of a coil to a sensitive
galvanometer, as shown in the figure.
2)
Normally, we would not expect any deflection of needle in
the galvanometer because there is no EMF in the circuit.
3)
Now, if we push a bar magnet towards the coil, with its
north pole facing the coil, the needle in the galvanometer
deflects, showing that a current has been set up in the coil, the
galvanometer does not deflect if the magnet is at rest.
4)
If the magnet is moved away from the coil, the needle in
the galvanometer again deflects, but in the opposite direction,
which means that a current is set up in the coil in the opposite
direction.
5)
If we use the end of south pole of a magnet instead of
north pole, the results i.e., the deflections in galvanometer are
exactly opposite to the previous one.
6)
This activity proves that the change in magnetic flux
linked with a closed coil, produces current.
p From this Faraday's law of induction can be stated as "whenever
there is a continuous change of magnetic flux linked with a
closed coil, a current Is generated in the coil". This induced
EMF is equal to the rate of change of magnetic flux passing
through it.
Science (Jt.) ft

E)
Experiment - 2
due to motion of the current carrying coil C2.
1)
Prepare a coil of copper wire C1 and connect the two ends
of the coil to a galvanometer.
2)
Prepare another coil of copper wire similar to C2 and
connect the two ends of the coil to a battery via switch.
3)
Now arrange the two coils C2 and C2 nearby as shown in the
figure.
2

4)
Now switch on the coil C2. We observe a deflection in the
Galvanometer connected to the coil Cj.
5)
The steady current in C2 produces steady magnetic field. As
coil C2 is moved towards the coil Cx, the galvanometer shows a
deflection.
6)
This indicates that electric current is induced in coil C,.
7)
When C2 is moved away, the galvanometer shows a deflection
again, but this timeij the opposite direction.
8)
The deflection lasts as long as coil C2 is in motion.
9)
When C2 is fixed and Oj is moved, the same effects are
observed.
10)
This shows the induced EMF due to relative motion between
two coils.

V. COMMUNICATION THROUGH DRAWING, MODEL MAKING

25. Draw a neat diagram of an A) generator.
Ans.
24. Draw a neat diagram of electric motor.
Name the parts.
Ans.
Anticlockwise
rntah'nn
m VI. APPRECIATION AND AESTHETIC SENSE, VALUES
... V-.-A
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How do you appreciate Faradays law, which is the consequence of
conservation of
Energy ?
^ESSI
1)
Law of conservation of energy says energy neither be
created nor be destroyed, but : can be converted from one form to
another.
2)
Faradays law says whenever there is a continuous change of
magnetic flux linked | with a closed coil, a current is generated
in the coil. This induced EMF is equal to the 1 rate of change of
magnetic flux passing through it.
3)
We have to do some work to move the magnet through a coil.
This work produces energy.
4)
This energy is converted into electrical energy in the
coil.
5)
In this way conservation of energy takes place in
electromagnetic induction.
How do you appreciate the relation between magnetic field and
electricity that Rianged the life style of mankind ?
Kl) Changing life style of mankind is a result of many
inventions, utilising a lot of scien- , tific principles.
2)
Scientists all ways going on searching for new principles
and new applications to make our life more comfortable.
3)
If you consider electricity, right from amber stone to
nuclear power, so many changes have been incorporated.
4)
The idea of Oersted and Faraday that current carrying wire
produces electricity and electromagnetic induction, enable us to
use electric motors, generators, fans, mixers, grinders,
induction stoves etc.
5)
All these appliances makes our life more comfortable. Hence
Faraday and Oersted rendered a lot of servies in this field.
I
VII. APPLICATION TO DAILY LIFE, CONCERN TO BIODIVERSITY
Give a few applications of Faradays law of induction in daily
life.
The daily life applications of Faraday's law of induction are
I)
Generation of electricity 2)
Transmission of electricity
3)
Metal detectors in security, checking 4)
The tape
recorder

[5) Use of ATM cards 6)

Induction stoves
7j Transformers
8)
Induction coils (spark plugs in automobiles)
H
Break system in railway wheels
10) AC and DC generators
II)
Wind mills etc.
[Which of the various methods of current generation protects
nature well? Give l^mples to support your answer.
<Esg
|1) Nowadays current is generated in so many ways like Hydel
power, thermal power,
| wind power, nuclear power, power from garbage, solar power,
etc.
feSqence(JlL)ft'

*10* Clas,
Electromagnetism
2)
Each system has its own advantages and disadvantages.
3)
Hydel and thermal power generation is the most commonly
used methods.
4)
If you consider Hydel power, it uses a lot of water stored
at a very higher places. Water is non-renewable source. Ground
water level is decreasing day by day due to less rain fall,
because of Global warming which is a consequence of pollution.
Therefore this Hydel power must be used only in rainy season.
5)
Thermal power is produced from coal. Coal is also a nonrenewable source and also it is limited to a certain area. The
process of production involves a lot of pollution by means of
ash. Nowadays .some measures are taken by the managements to
reduce pollution by utilising the ash in the production, of
cement and bricks. But the major source i.e., coal is non
renewable. So this is also does not protect nature.
6)
The alternate power generating system like wind power,
solar power protects nature wind power and solar power are
renewable sources. But they have some limitations like, nonavailability at all times, more production cost, less storage
capacity etc. Researches should be done in reducing the cost of
productions and increasing the storage capacity.
7)
The other sources like nuclear power, power from tides.
Geothermal electricity etc., are to be improvised and they have
to be brought into the wide usage. Then the nature will be
protected well.
ArTi\/iffci ~
(AS - 3)

1.
Show that the magnetic field around a bar magnet is three
dimentional and its strength and direction varies from place to
place.
Ans. 1) Take a sheet of white paper and place it on the
horizontal table.
2)
Place a bar magnet in the middle of the sheet.
3)
Place a magnetic compass near the magnet it settles to a
certain direction.
4)
Use a pencil and put dots on the sheet on either side of
the needle. Remove the
compass. Draw a small line segment connecting the two dots. Draw
an arrow on it
from south pole of the needle to north pole of the needle.
5)
Repeat the same by placing the compass needle at various
positions on the paper. The compass needle settles in different
directions at different positions.
6)
This shows that the direction of magnetic field due to a
bar magnet varies from place | to place.
7)
Now take the compass needle to places far away from magnet,
on the sheet andj observe the orientation of the compass needle
in each case.
8)
The compass needle shows almost the same direction along
north and south places far from the magnet.
9)
This shows that the strength of the field varies with
distance from the bar

I o) Now hold the compass a little above the table and at the top
of the bar magnet.
er
in
|| i) We observe the deflection in compass needle. Hence we can
say that the magnetic field is three dimensional i.e., magnetic
field surrounds its source.
12) From the above activities we can generalize that a. magnetic
field exists in the region surrounding a bar magnet and is
characterized by strength and direction.
Activity - 3
^0E3E9
it
ay
ce
or
re
is
;c.
he
I Explain the process of tracing magnetic field lines.

| 1) Place a white sheet of paper on a horizontal table.

12) Place a compass in the middle of it. Put two dots on either
side of the compass needle. Take it out. Draw a line connecting
the dots which shows the North and South of the earth. Magnetic
field lines
f 3) Now place a bar magnet on the line drawn in such a way that
its north pole points towards the geographic north.
he
4)
Now place the compass at the north pole of the bar magnet.
Put a dot at the north pole of the compass needle.
[5) Now remove the compass and place it at the dot. It will point
in other direction. Again put a dot at the north pole of the
compass needle.
6)
Repeat the process till you reach the south pole of the bar
magnet.
3)
Its
7)
Connect the dots from 'N' of the bar magnet to 'S' of the
bar magnet. You will get a curved line.
|8) Now select another point from the north pole of the bar
magnet. Repeat the process for many points taken near the north
pole.
9)
You will get different curves as shown in the figure.
10)
These lines are called magnetic field lines. They are
imaginary lines.
(AS -3)
Activity -4
the n it
per.
ace
and
h at
net
straight wire carrying current.
Wooden
plank
Stand
Compass
needle
2)
1)
Take a wooden plank and make a hole as shown in figure. Place
this plank on the table.
Now place a retort stand on the plank as shown in figure.
Pass a 24 gauge copper wire through hole of the plank and rubber
knob of the retort stand in such a way that the wire be arranged
in a vertical I position and not touch the stand.
; Connect the two ends of the wire to a batteiy via
switch.
Hfp f LMAftDescribe an activity to find magnetic field due to Pftiat is its

direction ?
1)

Electromagnetism

10th g^.L
F
5)
Place 6 to 10 compass needles in a circular path around the
hole so that its centjS coincides with the hole.
6)
Use a 9V batteiy in the circuit. Switch on current flows
through the wire.
7)
We notice that they are directed as tangents to the circle.
8)
The magnetic field around the wire is circular in shape.
This can be verified by sprinkling iron filings around the wire
when current flows in the wire.
9)
The direction of magnetic field around the wire will be as
shown in the following figure *

to
Current out of the page Current into the page
10) The direction of the magnetic field around the current
carrying wire can be determined by right hand thumb rule
i.
e., grab the current carrying wire with your right hand in
such a way that thumb is in the direction of current, then the
curled fingers show the direction of magnetic field as shown in
the figure.

(AS - 3)
ply Circuit

Activity - 5
4. Trace the magnetic field due to circular coil.
6.
Ans. 1) Take a thin wooden plank covered with white paper and
make two holes on its surface as shown in the figure.
2)
Pass insulated copper wire (24 gauge) through the holes and wind
the wire 4 to 5 times through holes such that it looks like a
coil.
3)
4)
5)
3)
7)
The ends of the wire are connected to terminals of the battery
through a switch. Now switch on the circuit.
Place a compass needle on the plank at the centre of the coil.
Put dots on either sidi of the compass needle.
Again put compass at one of the dots, put other dot further.
Do the same till you reach the edge of the plank.
Now repeat this for the other side of the coil from the centre.
Then draw a line jointim the dots. We will get a field line of
the circular coil.
fsShyaical Scion* (
Po the same for the other points taken in between the holes. Draw
corresponding lines. Nfcfe will get field lines of the circular
coil.
TUT*
i by
K The direction of the field due to coil is de-termined by using
right hand rule, which states that, when you curl your right hand
fingers in the direction of current, thumb gives the direction of
magnetic field.
(AS - 3)
ure.
Activity - 6
Find the magnetic field due to a solenoid.
f l) Take a wooden plank covered with a white paper.
2)
Make equidistant holes on its surface as shown in the
figure.
3)
Pass copper wire through the holes. This forms a coil.
>
>
4)
Join the ends of the coil to a batteiy through a switch.
5)
Switch on the circuit. Current passes through the coil.
| 6) Now sprinkle iron filings on the surface of the plank
around the coil. Give a small jerk to it. An orderly Li pattern
of iron filings is seen on the paper. N

-3:
7)
The long coil is called solenoid. The field of solenoid is
shown in the figure.
1
1 1y tit
8)
The magnetic field lines set up by solenoid resemble those
of a bar magnet indicating that a solenoid behaves like a bar
magnet. The direction of the field due to solenoid is determined
by using right hand rule.
(AS-3)
[Activity - 8
Explain the result of magnetic force applied on a current
carrying wire by an
Experiment.
1)
Take a wooden plank. Fix two long wooden sticks on it.
These wooden sticks are split at their top ends.
>id
2)
A copper wire is passed through these splits and the ends
of the wire are connected to a batteiy of 3V, through a switch.
3)
Close the switch to make the circuit. Current passes
through the wire.
iin|
4)
Now bring a horseshoe magnet near the copper wire as shown
in the figure. Observe the deflection of the wire.
|) Change polarities of the horseshoe magnet. Again observe the
deflection. Repeat this by changing the direction of current in
the circuit.
&eience{Jll.)'l
-
Eg
When current passes through wire, it produces a magnetic field
and this field over- laps with the field by horseshoe magnet and
give a non - uniform field.
6)
7)
The field in between north and south pole of horseshoe magnet is
shown in the figure.
3)
4)
5)
6)
B*
8)
Field lines due to horseshoe magnet between its poles Let us
imagine a wire passing perpendicular to the paper. Let the
current pass through it. It produces magnetic field as shown in
the figure.

9)
The resultant field will be as shown below.
10)
We can see that the direction of the field lines due to
wire in upper part (of circular lines) coincides with the
direction of field lines of horseshoe magnet.
11)
The direction of field lines by wire in lower part (or
circular lines) is opposite to the direction of the field lines
of horseshoe magnet.
12)
So that the net field in upper part is strong and in lower
part it is weak. Hence a non - uniform field is created around
the wire.
13)
Therefore the wire tries to move to the weaker field
region.
(AS-5)
Becauj is in tH
mm
How *' We cs
the tan
8. Take a wooden base. Fix a soft iron cylinder on the wooden
base vertically. Wind copper wire around the soft iron as shown
in the figure. Now take a metal ring which is slightly greater in
radius than the radius of the soft iron cylinder and insert it
through the cylinder on the wood base. Now explain the behaviour
of metal ring when the ends of copper wire are connected to (i)
AC source and (ii) DC source.
Ans. When the ends of copper wire are connected to AC source :
1) Connect the two ends of copper wire to AC source and switch on
the currenttsPfupicai Scuuv*
Activity - 9

2)
T^e me^a^ Levitates due to net force acting on it is zero
according to Newton's Psecond law.
th
Class d overin the
HReason :
]) A-C. changes both its direction and magnitude in regular

intervals.
2)
Due to the magnetic field produced by current in the coil,
one end of the coil behaves I like North pole and the other end
behaves like south pole for certain time interval.
3)
For the next interval, the coil changes its polarties.
4)
Assume that the current flows in clockwise direction in the
solenoid as viewed from I the top. Then the upper end becomes a
south pole.
it pass
5)
An upward force is applied on the ring only when the upper
side of the ring becomes ' a north pole.
B)
It is only possible when there exists anticlock wise current
viewed from the top (in the | ring).
f) After certain intervals, solenoid changes its polarities, so
that the ring should also change its polarities in the same
intervals, y This is the reason why the metal ring is levitated.
phen the ends of copper wire is connected to a DC source :
1)
Now connect the ends of copper wire to a DC source.
P) When the current is allowed to flow through the solenoid, it
behaves like bar magnet.
So the flux is linked to the metal ring when the ^switch is on.
of p|
^Induced emf: avv >.V ^ 1 iH

'

s a noil
AS- 5
|3) At that instant there is a change in flux linked with the
ring. Hence the ring rises up. f] Thereafter, there is no change
in flux linked with coil, hence it fall down.
[>) If the switch is off, the metal ring again lifts up and falls
down. In this case also there is change in flux linked with ring
when the switch is off.
QUESTIONS GIVENJN THE
1 MARK QUESTIONS
I
Ik
ggr
SIIIF
&hy does the needle get deflected by the magnet ?(Page No. 259)
Because of strength of the magnetic field of the magnet, the
needle gets deflected since it I In the field.
How can we find the strength of the field and direction of the
field ? (Page No. 261) H can find the strength of the field with
magnetic flux and the direction of the field from k tatigent
drawn to the line of force.
e (~M~m$cienc (LAL)ft ~~

Electromagnetism #=="

B
3
nth r
I ^ J
; ip '
3.
Can we give certain values to magnitude of the field at
every point in the magn^i ! 3.
fleId?
(Page No. 2^ |
Ans. In uniform magnetic field it is same whereas in non uniform
magnetic field it Is different A113*
3.
Ans4.
Ans.
4.
What is the flux through unit area perpendicular to the
field ? (Page No. 2631 Ans. Flux density or magnetic induction.
5.
What happens when a current carrying wire is kept in a
magnetic field ?(PageNo. 266) Ans. It gets deflected and the
direction of deflection is given by right hand rule.
6.
What is the force on the wire if its length makes an angle
*0* with the magnetic field ?
Ans. F = Bqv sin 0 or F = Bil sin 0, where T is current.
(Page
No. 269) I
Here B = magnetic induction, q = charge, v = velocity of the
charge and '0' is the angle | ^ between direction of field and
velocity.
6.
Ans.
7.
What happens when a current carrying coil is placed in a
uniform magnetic field ?
(Page No. 271)
Ans. It gets deflected since magnetic lines of force are
perpendicular to the length of the coil.
8.
What happens when a coil without current is made to rotate
in magnetic field ?
7.
(Page No. 273) Ans.
Ans. When the coil rotated due to the change in magnetic flux
electricity is generated.
8. )
9.
Can you apply conservation of energy for electromagnetic
induction ? (Page No. 276)
Ans. 1
A. Yes we can apply. The mechanical energy is converted into
electrical energy.
I
10. Could we get Faraday*s law of induction from conservation of
energy ?
Ans. Yes we can get. Here we have to ignore the friction
everywhere.
(Page No. 277)1 9.
>
Ans. 1
11. How could we use the principle of electromagnetic induction
in the case of using ATM card when its magnetic strip is swiped
through a scanner ?
(Page No. 280)
Ans. If the card is moved through a card reader then a change in
magnetic flux is produced in one direction, which induced
potential or EMF. The current received by the pickup coil goes

through signal amplification and translated into binary code, so

that it can be read j 10. }
by computer.
*
^
^APDmONA^PMrBDNSiy
1>
n
1 MARK QUESTIONS
1. Who proposed that a magnetic field is present at a current
carrying wire
12. \
| IAS-4
Ans. Hans Christian Oersted proved that electricity and magnetism
were related phenomeffli and also prove that a current carrying
wire possesses magnetic field.
440]
~ ^r5%>ica Saew* (^1 N
==af Electromagnetism
>2)
at.
>3)
56)
tic
>9)
gle I ?
f WI**n * magnetic compass is kept near a current carrying wire,
what happens ? Why?
(AS-1)
| When a magnetic compass is kept under a current carrying wire
the needle of compass deflects. This deflection is due to the
magnetic field, possessed by current carrying wire.
|| How is a magnetic field characterized ? (AS-1)
|| The magnetic field exists in the region surrounding a bar
magnet and is characterized by I its strength and direction.
I What is the direction of magnetic field lines ?(AS-1)
||, Magnetic field lines starts from North pole of bar magnet and
ends at South pole. These r are imaginary lines.
What is the use of magnetic field lines ?(AS-1)
Magnetic field lines help us
1)
To understand the nature of the field.
2)
The tangent drawn to the field line at a point gives the
direction of the field.
K Why the magnetic field drawn is non-uniform ? (AS -1)
[1%s. The magnetic field drawn with the help of magnetic field
lines is non-uniform because
1.
-1
the strength and direction both change from point to
point.
I.
When will be the magnetic field uniform ?
(AS -1)
f3ps. The magnetic field will be uniform if both strength and
direction are constant throughout the field.
76
I.
Define magnetic flux. Mention its S.I. units.
(AS -1)

ms. The number of lines passing through the plane

of area
'A' perpendicular to the field is
called magnetic flux, denoted by 0.
77
The S.I. unit of magnetic flux is Weber1,
i.
What is magnetic flux density ? (AS-1)
jus. The magnetic flux through unit area, which is
perpendicular
to
the magnetic field is
known as magnetic flux density (B) or magnetic field induction.
B =
The unit of (B) is "Weber/m2" or 'Tesla".
Write the formula for magnetic flux passing through an area A,
with an agnle 0. (AS-1) The flux through the plane of area A,
with an angle 0 is given by (j) = BA cos 0. fl. What is the flux
through the plane taken parallel to the field ? (AS -1)
The flux passes parallel to the field. Then 0 = 0
(AS- 1)
|.\ 4> = BA cos 0 = BA cos 0 =><|> = BA H What do you conclude
about magnetic field lines after conducting experiment with
solenoid ?
Magnetic field lines are closed loops. fd Science (CJIL) ft
X Indicates the direction of B and It Is Into the page
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
B
XXX
F = qv B.
14.
What is the magnetic force on moving charge when there is
an angle 0 between th directions of field 'B' and velocity V ?
(AS-]
Ans. When there is an angle between direction of field and
velocity, the magnetic force expc rienced by charge is given by F
= qvB sin 0.
15.
What is the magnetic force on the charge moving parallel to
a magnetic field ? (AS-]
Ans. When charge moves parallel to the magnetic field the value
of 0 becomes 0.
F = qv B sin 0 = qvB sin 0 = 0 Thus the charge experience no
force.
16.
What is the direction of magnetic force acting on a moving
charge ?
(AS-1)
Ans. Keep your right hand fingers along the direction of velocity
of moving charge and next curl your fingers towards the direction

of magnetic field, then the thumb gives the direction of magnetic

force.
17.
What is the direction of force acting on a negative charge
moving in a field ? (AS-1
Ans. First find the direction of force acting on a positive
charge moving in a field, using righ hand rule and then reverse
its direction. This new direction is the direction of foro acting
on the negative charge..
18.
What is the force on the current carrying wire of length L,
placed in a magnetic field such that its length makes an angle 0
with the magnetic field ? (AS-1
Ans. Let '0' be the angle between direction of current and
magnetic field. Then the force actln on the current carrying wire
is given by
F = ILB sin 0
19.
What is the principle of electric motor ? (AS-II
Ans. Electric mortor is a device working on the principle of
force acting on the current carrying coil when kept in a
magnetic field.
The motor converts electrical energy into mechanical energy.
2,0. Write the Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction. (AS1)
Ans. Whenever there is a continuous change of magnetic flux
linked with a closed coll, a current is generated in the coil.
21. Write Lenz's law. (AS-1)
Ans. Lenzs law states that "the induced current will appear in
such a direction that it opposes the changes in the flux in the
coil".
Sde*&
Electromagnetism
13. Calculate the force experienced by a charge moving in a
magnetic field *nd perpej dicular to the field ?
Ans. Let the charge q move with a velocity V perpendicular to the
magnetic field 'B\ The value of magnetic force on the moving
charge can be found experimentally as

Electromagnetism
(AS-7)
ff0w a metal detector works ?
Il During security check, people are made to walk through a large
upright coll of wire which produces a weak A.C. magnetic field.
If we are carrying any significant quantities of Iron, the
magnetic flux linked with the large coll changes and the induced
current generated In coil triggers an alarm.
What is the principle of generator ? (AS-1)
Generator works on the principle of electromagnetic induction. It
converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.
^What is the difference between AC generator and DC generator ?
(AS-1)
| 1) In an AC generator, the ends of coil are connected to two
slip rings.
2)
In a DC generator the ends of coll are connected to two half
slip rings.
[What are the characteristics of AC current ?
(AS-1)
[ 1) AC current changes the direction of charge flow
periodically.
2)
AC possesses certain frequency.

How would you demonstrate the presence of an induced emf in the

absence of a Galvanometer? (AS-3)
. Replace the galvanometer by a small bulb, the kind one finds in
a small torch light. The relative motion between the coil and
magnet will cause the bulb to glow and thus demonstrate the
presence of an induced current.
On what factors the magnetic induction at the centre of the coll
depends ?(AS-1) It depends on current, number of turns and radius
of the coil.
Name the instrument on which Ampere's law is used.
(AS-7)
Tangent galvanometer
Which is more dangerous AC or DC ?
(AS-7)
AC is more dangerous.
In D.C. motor what type of magnetic field is produced by concave
cylindrical magnets ? (AS-1)
Radial
What is the use of galvanoscope ?
(AS-1)
It detects the flow of current.
State two serious hazards of electricity.
(AS-7)
1)
If a person touches the live wire he gets severe shock
which may prove fatal.
2)
Short-circuiting can cause a spark which may lead to fire
in a building.
Why earthing of electrical appliances is recommended ? (AS-7)
To protect the user from any accidental electrical shock caused
due to leakage of current.
Why is a spark produced at the place of short circuit ? Why is
the spark of white : colour ?
(AS-7)
/
j The resistance of circuit decreases, and a sudden flow of large
current heats up the live wire and vaporises the metal. This
cause spark. The metal of wire becomes very hot and naturally
emit white light.
Science
(443
Electromagnetism += =
-^=========sss= .. - i 10th
1
35.
Is the magnetic field formed in a solenoid is uniform or
non-uniform ?
Ans. It is non-uniform.
36.
What is electromagnetic induction ? (AS-1| Ans.
Mechanical energy can be converted into electrical energy by
moving a magnet inside J
coil.
37.
Mention two uses of solenoid.
(AS-7) Ans. It is used in
electric bells, fans and motors.
38.
Is electromagnetic field a vector or a scalar ? (AS -1)
Ans. It is a vector quantity.
39.
Mention applications of electromagnetic induction.
(AS7] Ans. It is used in devices which convert mechanical energy
into electrical energy.
40.
In an electric bell which is attracted towards

electromagnet ? (AS-1) Ans. Armature.

as
17.
us.
18.
os.
9.
41.
What is Maxwells right hand screw rule ?
(AS-1) Ans. The
directions of current is the direction in which the tip of the
screw advances and
direction of ration of the screw gives the direction of magnetic
lines of force.
42.
What type of energy transformation take place in electric
generator ?
(AS-1) Ans. Electrical energy from mechanical
energy.
43.
Where the electromagnets are used ? (AS-7) Ans. In
electric generators and televisions.
44.
What is electromagnet ?
(AS-1) Ans. When current
carrying conductor is wind over a magnetic material like soft
iron it gets
magnetized.
45.
If the strength of the electric current increases, does the
magnetic field increase or decrease ? (AS-2)
Ans. Magnetic field also increases.
1.
os.
46.
What are different types of power stations ?
(AS-1)
Ans. Electrical energy is produced in different power stations
from mechanical energy of water,
heat energy and nuclear energy.
47.
If the current in the coil is in anti-clockwise then what
would be the face of the coil?
(AS*!]
Ans. It behaves as north pole.
48.
If the current in the coil is in clockwise then what would
be the face of the coil ?
(AS-1)
2.
Ans. It behaves as south pole.
49. What is the frequency of the AC. supplied in your house ?
(AS-7)
s.
Ans. It is approximately 50 Hz.
50. What type of current is generated in electric power
station ? (AS- M
Ans. Alternating Current.
51. What happens to the magnetic field at the centre on
increasing current through
the solenoid ? (AS-D
I
Ans. Decreases in strength.
M>t is the shape of magnetic lines due to straight current
carrying conductor ?
m
(as - i)

Bey are concentric circles.

(Which Instruments detects small currents ? (AS-1)
galvanometer.
What is a transformer ?
(AS-1)
)
)
)
| It is a device which increases or decreases the voltage.
What is the relation between tesla and ampere-meter ? (AS-1)
j l Tesla = 1 NA_1m_1.
State two ways by which speed or rotation of rotation of electric
motor can be Increased.
(AS -1)
11) By increasing strength of the current.
2)
By increasing number of turns in the coil.
What happens if an iron piece is dropped between two poles of
strong magnet ?
(AS-2)
I Eddy current is produced in it. These eddy currents oppose the
motion of the piece of [iron. So it falls as it is moving through
a viscous liquid.
If a copper rod carries a direct current, then where will the
magnetic field in the conductor ?
(AS-1)
It will be both inside and outside the rod.
In what form the energy in a current canying coil is stored ?
(AS-1)
It is stored in the form of magnetic field.
2 MARKS QUESTIONS
carrying (AS-1)
How can we find the direction of magnetic field due to straight
wire [current ?
[The direction of magnetic field due to straight wire carrying
[current, can be determined by right hand thumb rule.
L)
Ti
1)
[h
1)
"If you grab the current carrying wire with your right hand, in
such a way that thumb is in the direction of current, then the
curled fingers show the direction of magnetic field."
How can we find the direction of magnetic field due to coil or
solenoid, purrent ?
[The direction of the field due to coil or solenoid Canying
current can be determined by using right
' 1
hand rule.
{445]

| "When you curl your right hand fingers in the Section of

current, thumb gives the direction of gHetlc field"
Science (JIL) ft *
2.
The magnetic flux inside a coil of 400 turns changes for
0<w|) each single turn with time as shown in figure. Determine
the maximum induced emf generated in the coil. Is there any
change in induced EMF from t = 0.1 second to 0.3
second?
<IH3 (AS-1)
0| on o.2 0.3 OX^S
Sol. From the given graph, the increase in magnetic flux through
one turn of coll in o.]j second is 0.001 Wb. According to
Faraday's law. the maximum induced emf generated in the coil is
given by.
E = N A<D/At
Substituting the values, we get e = 400(0.001/0.1) = 4V
From graph, there is no change in magnetic flux through coil from
t = 0. Is to 0.3s hence no emf is generated.
3.
Find the length of the conductor which is moving with a
speed of 10 m/s in thei direction perpendicular to the direction
of magnetic field of induction 0.8T, if it! induces an emf of 8V
between the ends of the conductor.
(AS-1)
Sol. Given that B = 0.8T, v = 10 m/s and = 8V.
Using = Bhr
8 = 0.8(0(10)
I (length of the conductor) = lm
4.
A circular coil of radius 10 cm, 500 turns and resistance
2Q is placed with its plane, perpendicular to the horizontal
component of the earth's magnetic field. It is rotated about its
vertical diameter through 180 in 0.25 sec. Estimate the
magnitudes oi the EMF and current induced in the coil.
(Horizontal component of the earth's
(AS-3)
magnetic field at the place is 3.0 x 105 T).
Sol. Earth's magnetic field 'B' = 3.0 x 105 T
Area of the coil = nr2 = n x 102 nr2, (radius =10 cm = 10_1 m)
Initial flux through the coil
Q
(Initial)
= BA cos 0 = (3.0 x 10-5) x (k x 102) x cos 0 = 3tc x \Qr7 wb.
(since the plane of coil is perpendicular to the magnetic field,
the angle is zero) Final flux after rotation
Qinnan = BA cos 0 = 3.0 x lO"5 x n x 10* x cos 18 = - 3h x 10~7
wb.
Total flux = (3tc x 107) - (- 3tc x 10"7) = 6tc x 10'7 wb.
The value of estimated emf in
_T A<|>
671 x
10"7
= N. -f = 500 x = 3.8 x 10-3 V.

At
0.25
The value of estimated current is 3.8 xlO"3
1 R '
= 1.9 x 10"3 A.
2Q
Choose the correct aiiswer.
Electromagnetism
I vr
mm
3s
in th IT, if i [AS -1
plan* rotate ides < earth ASo)
&(| \|fhich converts electrical energy into I jnechanical energy ?
(T.Q.)
[
]
j in 0. I yv) motor
B)
battery
D) switch
C) generator
Which converts mechanical energy into electrical energy ?
(T.Q.) [ J
A)
motor B)
battery
C) generator
D) switch
The magnetic force on a current carrying wire placed in uniform
magnetic field if the wire is oriented perpendicular to magnetic
field, is
I (T.Q.) [
1
A)
0
B) ILB
C)
2ILB D)
ILB/2
Magnetic field is produced by the flow of current in a straight
wire. This phenomenon was discovered by [ ]
A)
Coulomb
B) Oersted
C)
Faraday
D)
Maxwell
5.
The magnetic field produced due to circular wire at its
centre is [
]
A)
at 45 to the plane of the wire
B)
at 60 to the plane of the wire
C)
in the plane of wire
D)
perpendicular to the plane of wire
p. At the centre of magnet, the magne-tism is
[
1
A)
zero
B)
same as at the poles
C)
maximum
D)
minimum fco Science (~Ai.)'t
7. Which of the following instruments works by electromagnetic
induction?
A)
Dynamo
I
1
B)
Moving coil galvanometer
C)
Telephone receiver
D)
Simple motor

8. A DC generator is based on the principle of [

]
A)
magnetic effect of current
B)
heating effect of current
C)
energy dissipation
D)
electromagnetic conduction
9.
Dynamos and motors are based on
A)
Faraday's law and Ampere's [
] force law respectively
B)
Ampere's force law and Faraday's law respectively
C)
Faraday's law
D)
Ampere's force law
10.
For making strong electromagnet, the material of the core
should be [
]
A)
brass .
B)
laminated steel strips
C)
soft iron D) steel
11.
A soft iron bar is introduced inside a current carrying
solenoid. The magnetic field inside the solenoid [
)
A)
will increase
B)
will remain unaffected
C)
will become zero
D)
will decrease
12. The magnetic field lines inside a cur-rent carrying solenoid
are (
]
A)
straight
B) circular
C)
parabolic D) curved
_
if449
' Electromagnetism
13.
A device for producing electric current is called
I
1
A) Generator B) Voltmeter
C) Galvanometer D) Ammeter
14.
A rectangular coil of copper wire is rotated in a magnetic
field. The direction of the induced current changes once in each
[
1
A)
one revolution
B)
one fourth revolution
C)
half revolution
D)
two revolutions
15.
The frequency of direct current is A) zero B)
50 Hz [
]
C) 60 Hz
D)
100 Hz
16.
The frequency of household supply of A.C in India is [
]
A) zero
B)
50 Hz
C)60 Hz
D)
100 Hz
17.
Who invented electric generator ?
A) Oersted B)
Coulomb
[ J
C) Rutherford
D) Michael Faraday
18. The SI unit of magnetic field induction
is
[
]
A) weber/m2
B) tesla
C) weber - m2
D) weber

19.
Magnetic flux is the product of magnetic field induction
and
A)
magnetic moment [
j
B)
area
C)
magnetic intensity
D)
resistance
20.
The charge is moving along the direction of magnetic field.
Then force acting on it is [
i
A)
maximum
B)
minimum
C)
zero D)
2 times
(450>
21.
A current carrying wire of length I jJ placed perpendicular
to a iuiif0rJ magnetic field B. Then the force act* on the wire
with current I Is
A)
F = B i
B) F = BI ( |
C) B = fF D) F = Bll
22.
Faradays law of induction is the consequence of
( j
< A) law of conservation of energy
B)
law of conservation of mass
C)
law of conservation of area
D)
law of conservation of volume
23.
The magnetic field inside a
J
is uniform.
[
]
A)
current canying conductor
B)
solenoid
C)
coil
D)
magnet
24.
The magnitude of the induced current depends on the rate of
change of
in the coil. I
1
A) area
B)
magnetic flux
C)
force applied D) no charge
25.
An AC generator is provided with
1
slip rings which rotate with
the coil.
A) one
B)
three
C)
two D)
four
26.
The moving part of the electric motor
is called
I
I
A) magnets B)
shaft
C)
armature
D)
carbon
brushes
j
27.
When current flows anti-clockwis* l0 a loop, the magnetic
polarity of the
face is
I
I
A) north
B)
south
C)
east D)
west
28.
Inside the long solenoid the
jj
field lines are
B) curved
D) perpendicular
ekfPRyaical Sdau ((r^ M

A)
circular
C)
parallel
1 1 the
I fl
ent
ol
in
he
magnetic field is a
Quantity. [
j
J a) vector
B) scalar
C)
dimensionless D) unit less SI unit of magnetic field
strength is
[ 1
A) tesla
B)
weber
IC) amp/m2 D)
volt
WL> law gives direction
I of induced current. [
]
A) Faraday's
B) KirchofFs
I C) Lenz's
D)
Lorenz
The laws of induction were given by
I |l f
1
A) Faraday B)
Kirchoff
| C) Lenz D)
Lorenz
The relation between Weber and Tesla is
[
1
A)
weber.m2 = tesla
B)
wb = tesla x m2
C)
m2/wb = tesla
D)
wb = tesla
J. Choose the correct matching answer.
ltl|i) 1 Magnetic field lines
2.
Electric motor (DC)
3.
Flemming left hand rule
4.
Maxwell's right hand grip rule
| A) 1-B, 2-A, 3-C, 4-D I C) 1-B, 2-C, 3-D, 4-A
i) 1. Electric generator (AC)
2.
Solenoid
3.
Dynamo
4.
Electric generator (DC)
A)
1 -B, 2-A, 3- C. 4-D
C)
1-B, 2-C, 3-D, 4-A
bit Science (LJiLJ'Cf
34.
The energy resides in a current carrying inductor in the
form of
[ 1
A)
resistance B) heat
C)
magnetic field D) thermal energy
35.
The direction of motion of a conductor, kept in a magnetic
field is given by
II

A)
KirchofFs rule B) Lenz's law
C)
Flemming's left hand rule
D)
Flemming's right hand rule
36 The direction of magnetic field lines along a current carrying
conductor is given by
[
]
A)
Flemming's left hand rule
B)
Flemming's right hand rule
C)
Maxwell's right hand rule
D)
Maxwell's left hand rule
37. Which of the following consists soft iron core ? [
]
A)
electric generator B) solenoid
C)
dynamo
D)
electric
motor
A)
Direction of magnetic field lines [ ]
B)
North to South
C)
Pair of slip rings
D)
Direction of motion of a conductor in a magnetic field
B)
1-B, 2-A, 3-C, 4-D
D)
1-B, 2-A, 3-D, 4-C
A)
Electromagnetic induction
B)
Two slip rings
C)
Two half split rings
D)
Soft iron core
B)
1-B, 2-A, 3-C*4-D
D)
1-B, 2-D, 3-A, 4-C
I I
=[4Sl]
*10* Cl,
Electromagnetism ill) 1. Dynamo rule
2.
Magnetic field
3.
Electromagnet
4.
Magnetic flux
A)
1-B, 2-A, 3-C, 4-D
C)
1-B, 2-C, 3-D, 4-A
iv) 1. Force on moving charge
2.
Tesla
3.
Permanent magnet
A)
Gauss
B)
Flemming's right hand rule
C)
Weber
D)
Microphones
B)
1-B, 2-A, 3-C, 4-D
D)
l-B, 2-A, 3-D, 4-C
A)
BI1
B)
Bqv
C)
NA"1 nr1
4.

Force on a current carrying conductor D) Alnico

A)

1-B, 2-A, 3- C, 4-D

C)
1-B, 2-C, 3-D, 4-A
n. Fill in the blanks.
1.
The SI unit of magnetic field induction is
(T.Q.)
2.
Magnetic flux is the product of magnetic field induction
and
(T.Q.)
3.
The charge is moving along the direction of magnetic field.
Then force acting on it is (T.Q.)
B)
1-B, 2-A, 3-C, 4-D
D)
1-B, 2-A, 3-D, 4-C
4.
A current carrying wire of length L it placed perpendicular
to a uniforn magnetic field B. Then the force acting on the wire
with current I is
(T.d
5.
Faradays law of induction is the consequence of (T.Q.)

II. 1) weber/m2
4) F = Bil 5)
/ANSWERS
1)
A
2)
7)
A
11) A
12)
17) D
21) D
22)
27) A
31) C
32)
37) B
38) i) C ii)
3) zero

(or) Tesla 2)
conservation

area
of
energy

C
8)
A
18)
A
28)
A

3)
D
13)
A
23)
C
33)

4)
A
14)
B
24)
A
34)

B
5)
10) c
B
15)
20) C
B
25)
30) A
C
35)

iii) D

iv)

B
9)
A
19)
D
29)
B

6)

16)

26)

36)