DYNAMICS Is that branch of Mechanics that

consider the study of the effect of forces to bodies

that are in motion.

KINEMATICS OF
RECTILINEAR MOTION

Two Major Divisions/ Branches of Dynamics:

Engr. Jerome Famadico

11/12/2015

1. KINEMATICS defines the motion of a particle

or body without consideration of the forces
causing the motion.

2. KINETICS relates the force acting on a body to

its mass and acceleration
Prepared by:
Engr. Jerome Jordan F. Famadico, CE

The term body denotes a system of particles

which form an object of appreciable size.

- Is the time rate of change of displacement

-Velocity is considered positive when the
displacement X is increasing with time t and
negative when it is decreasing with time t.

-Displacement is positive (+) when to the right of

the origin O and negative (-) when to the left.

Engr. Jerome Famadico

Velocity () (m/sec) :

-The displacement of a particle is the vector

distance travelled from an origin to the position
occupied by a particle on its path.

Engr. Jerome Famadico

The term particle usually denotes an object at

point size.

Displacement (S) (meter) :

Acceleration (a) (m/sec2) :

-Acceleration is positive when accelerating and
negative when decelerating.

Engr. Jerome Famadico

Difference between Particles and Bodies:

Engr. Jerome Famadico

Instructor

-In case of free-falling-bodies, a is replaced by

g which is constant (9.81 m/sec2)
-If the motion is non-uniform, its velocity is
changing with time and therefore we have
acceleration.

1.

V = Vo + at

2.

s = Vot + () at2

3.

V2 = Vo2 + 2as

Standard Signs:
1. The initial direction of motion represents the positive
direction for displacement, velocity, and acceleration.
2. Negative value obtained in applying the equation would
mean that velocity is directly opposite to the initial
direction of motion.
3. Negative value of displacement would indicate that the
position of the moving particle is to be measured back
from the origin of displacement.
4. If the particle is moving along a straight line and return
to its starting position, displacement will be zero.

SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
1. The car in the Figure below moves in a straight line such
that for a short time its velocity is defined by v = (3t2 + 2t)
ft/sec, where t is in seconds. Determine its position and
acceleration when t = 3 s. When t = 0, s = 0.

V
Vo
a
t
s

= final velocity (m/s)

= initial velocity (m/s)
= acceleration (m/s2)
= time (sec)
= displacement (m)

KINEMATICS OF RECTILINEAR MOTION:

Tabulation of Formulas:
Required
t=?
a=?

Given
A, Vo, V
t; Vo; V
t; Vo; s
Vo; V; s

Formula
t = (V Vo)/a
a = (V Vo)/t
a = (2s 2Vot)/t2
a = (V2 Vo2)/2s

Vo = ?

t; a; V
t; a; s
a; V; s

Vo = (V at)
Vo = (s/t) (at/2)
Vo =

V=?

t; a; Vo
a; Vo; s

s=?

t; a; Vo
a; Vo; V
t; Vo; V

V2 - 2as

V = Vo + at
V=

Engr. Jerome Famadico

KINEMATICS OF RECTILINEAR MOTION:

Engr. Jerome Famadico

Where:

Engr. Jerome Famadico

The Three Kinematic Equations:

Engr. Jerome Famadico

Translation motion on which a straight line passes

through any two particles on a body which is
always parallel to its position. If the path is straight,
the motion is called rectilinear motion. If the path is
curved, the motion is called curvilinear motion.

KINEMATICS OF RECTILINEAR MOTION:

V2 + 2as

s = Vot + (at2)
s = (V2 Vo2)/2a
s = (t) (Vo + V)

SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
2. A car starts from rest and travels on a straight road with a
constant acceleration of 6 m/sec2 for 4 seconds. After which
it maintains a constant speed for 2 seconds. Finally, it
decelerates at 8 m/sec2 until it stops. Determine the total
distance and average speed of the car.

Engr. Jerome Famadico

RECTILINEAR TRANSLATION :

Engr. Jerome Famadico

11/12/2015

SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
5. A stone is thrown upward from the ground with a
constant velocity of 15 m/sec. One second later another
stone is thrown vertically upward with a velocity of 30
m/sec. How far above the ground will the stones be at the
same level?

SAMPLE PROBLEMS:

4. A car was travelling at a speed of 50 mph. The driver saw

a road block 80 m ahead and stepped on the brake causing
the car to decelerate uniformly at 10 m/s2. Find the
distance from the roadblock to the point where the car
stopped. Assume perception reaction time is 2 seconds.

6. A ball is thrown vertically upward with an initial velocity

of 3 m/sec from the window of a tall building. The ball
strikes the sidewalk at the ground level 4 seconds later.
Determine the velocity with which the ball hits the ground.

Engr. Jerome Famadico

SAMPLE PROBLEMS:

Engr. Jerome Famadico

3. Cars A & B approach each other on a straight road 450

meters apart. Car A has an initial velocity of 45 MPH and is
decelerating at a rate of 1.4 m/sec2. Car B has an initial
velocity of 12 MPH and is accelerating at a rate of 1 m/sec2.
When will the two cars meet and how far will each car
travel?

Engr. Jerome Famadico

SAMPLE PROBLEMS:

Engr. Jerome Famadico

11/12/2015