Page 17

DESIGN OF DECK-SLAB
1.0

INTRODUCTION :
The deck-slab is designed as continuous over three supports with overhang on either side.
Live-load combinations of Class-A X 2 Lane loading ,Axle Load have been checked. Bending
Moments at various sections as shown below are found using STAAD-Pro software after calculating
effective load intensities for each case.

2.0

DESIGN DATA:
I Density of concrete

2.40 t/m3

ii Grade of concrete

M- 25

iii Reinforcement

iv Permissible stress in concrete

8.33 N/mm2

v Permissible stress in steel

200 N/mm2

vi Maximum permissible shear stress =

2.10 N/mm2

HYSD bars conforming to IS: 1786

vii Live Load

a) Class A x 2 Lanes
viii Impact Factor
=

3.0

50.0% For Class-A

REFERENCES:
i. IRC: 6 - 2000
ii. IRC: 21 - 2000

550
550

(other side)
C/L Carriageway
1

300
200
50

235
1

150
3

325
1500

325
1800

1800

Page 18

4.0

LOAD CALCULATION

a)

Dead Load:
(loads are calculated for one meter strip)
In cantilever portion,
Load is linearly varying in cantilever portion
At end
=
At 1-1
=
In intermediate portion,
Uniformly applied load

b)

0.48 t/m
0.6 t/m

0.564 t/m

=
=

0.3 t/m
0.396 t/m

0.180 t/m

SIDL :
Outer side,
S/W of Parapet/Side rail
Due to road kerb
U.D.L due to wearing coat = 0.075 x 2.4

0.3

0.3

0.15

0.15
0.396

0.55

0.18

0.396

0.55

Page 19

c)

Live load:
Transverse Positions for various Live load cases have been shown in proceeding
sheets.Effective load intensities are calculated & used in STAADPro 2007 as input to
analyse the deck-slab for various load cases.

4.0 CALCULATION OF EFFECTIVE LOAD INTENSITY

THICKNESS OF THE WEARING COAT
DEPTH OF SLAB
WIDTH OF SLAB ( c/c of diaphragm) b
EFFECTIVE LENGTH lo
VALUE OF a
CONTACT AREA:
CLASS A
WIDTH FOR OVERLAP
CLASS 70 R (Max. Axle Load)
WIDTH FOR OVERLAP
CLASS 70 R (T)
CLASS 70 R (Max. Axle Load)
WIDTH FOR OVERLAP

=
=
=
=
=
1
2
3
4

500
1.20 m
360
1.22 m
840
360
1.22 m

IMPACT FACTOR (%) :

CLASS A

0.550

0.95

0.075
0.235
18.460
1.80
2.6

250 (FOR LOAD

11.4

t)

260 (FOR LOAD

20

t)

4570 (FOR LOAD

70

t)

260 (FOR LOAD

20

t)

50

1.80
3.6
6.60

m
m
m
m

1.80
0.95

0.55

Page 20

LOAD CASE

LOAD

LOAD
WITH

Most Eccentric position for Class A x 2 lanes

CONTACT AREA

DISP.
ALONG
SPAN

beff.

0.550
0.550
0.550
0.550

1.12
1.12
1.12
1.12

1.060
1.393
1.393
1.393

1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2

IMPACT

P1
P2
P3
P4

5.70
5.70
5.70
5.70

8.55
8.55
8.55
8.55

1
1
1
1

500
500
500
500

250
250
250
250

EFF.
OVERLAPPIN LOAD
G
INT.
NO
YES
YES
YES

8.066
6.595
6.595
6.595

# indicates load is in cantilever portion

LOAD CASE

LOAD

LOAD
WITH

Class A single lane Eccentrically placed

CONTACT AREA

DISP.
ALONG
SPAN

beff.

0.550
0.550

1.12
1.12

1.060
1.393

1.2
1.2

IMPACT

P1
P2

5.70
5.70

8.55
8.55

1
1

LOAD CASE

LOAD

500
500

LOAD
WITH

250
250

5.70
5.70

8.55
8.55

CONTACT AREA
1
1

NO
YES

8.066
6.595

One Wheel of Class A single lane placed Centrally on span

IMPACT

P1
P2

EFF.
OVERLAPPIN LOAD
G
INT.

500
500

250
250

0.900
0.900

DISP.
ALONG
SPAN
1.12
1.12

beff.

1.570
1.570

1.2
1.2

EFF.
OVERLAPPIN LOAD
G
INT.
YES
YES

6.173
6.173

INPUT FILE: STUP27M.STD

1. STAAD PLANE 20M DECK SLAB ANALYSIS OVER 3 GIRDERS
2. INPUT WIDTH 72
3. UNIT METER MTON
4. JOINT COORDINATES
5. 1
.000
.000
.000
6. 2
1.500
.000
.000
7. 3
3.200
.000
.000
8. 4
5.100
.000
.000
9. 5
6.600
.000
.000
10. MEMBER INCIDENCES
11. 1
1
2
12. 2
2
3
13. 3
3
4
14. 4
4
5
15. MEMBER PROPERTY INDIAN
16. 1 TO 4 PRI YD .2 ZD 1.
17. CONSTANT
18. E CONCRETE ALL
19. DENSITY CONCRETE ALL
20. SUPPORT
21. 2 TO 4 PINNED
22. LOAD 1 DEAD LOAD
23. SELFWEIGHT Y -1.
24. MEMBER LOAD
25. *WEARING COURSE
26. 1 UNI GY -.18 .55 1.5
27. 4 UNI GY -.18 0. .95
28. 2 3 UNI GY -.12
29. *HANDRAIL
30. 1 CON GY -.3 .15
31. 4 CON GY -.3 1.25
32. * ROAD KERB
33. 1 UNI GY -.3 0. .55
34. 4 UNI GY -.3 .95 1.5
35. LOAD 2 LIVE LOAD ( MOST ECCY. POSITION - 2 LANES)
36. MEMBER LOAD
37. 1 CON GY -8.366 .85
38. 2 TO 4 CON GY -6.663 .55
39. LOAD 3 LIVE LOAD ( MOST ECCY. POSITION - 1 LANE)
40. MEMBER LOAD
41. 1 CON GY -8.366 .85
42. 2 CON GY -6.663 .55
43. LOAD 4 LIVE LOAD ( CENTRALLY PLACED - 1 LANE)
44. MEMBER LOAD
45. 1 CON GY -6.259 .9
46. 2 TO 4 CON GY -6.259 .9
47. PERFORM ANALYSIS

48. PRINT SUPPORT REACTIONS

SUPPORT REACTION
SUPPORT REACTIONS -UNIT MTON METE
STRUCTURE TYPE = PLANE
JOINT LOAD
FORCE-X
FORCE-Y
FORCE-Z
MOM-X
MOM-Y
2
1
0.00
2.50
0.00
0.00
0.00
2
0.00
15.62
0.00
0.00
0.00
3
0.00
15.72
0.00
0.00
0.00
4
0.00
11.15
0.00
0.00
0.00
3
1
0.00
-0.36
0.00
0.00
0.00
2
0.00
1.94
0.00
0.00
0.00
3
0.00
-0.86
0.00
0.00
0.00
4
0.00
1.35
0.00
0.00
0.00
4
1
0.00
2.43
0.00
0.00
0.00
2
0.00
10.80
0.00
0.00
0.00
3
0.00
0.17
0.00
0.00
0.00
4
0.00
12.54
0.00
0.00
0.00
************** END OF LATEST ANALYSIS RESULT **************

MOM Z
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

49. PRINT MEMBER FORCES ALL

MEMBER
FORCES
ALL
MEMBER END FORCES
MEMBER
1

LOAD
1
2
3
4

1
2
3
4

1
2
3
4

STRUCTURE TYPE = PLANE

ALL UNITS ARE -- MTON METE

JT

AXIAL

SHEAR-Y

SHEAR-Z

TORSION

MOM-Y

MOM-Z

1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.00
1.22
0.00
8.37
0.00
8.37
0.00
6.26

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.00
-1.06
0.00
-4.60
0.00
-4.60
0.00
-3.13

2
3
2
3
2
3
2
3

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

1.28
-0.19
7.25
-0.59
7.35
-0.69
4.89
1.37

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

1.06
0.26
4.60
0.12
4.60
0.30
3.13
0.04

3
4
3
4
3
4
3
4

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

-0.17
1.25
2.52
4.14
-0.17
0.17
-0.02
6.28

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

-0.26
-1.01
-0.12
-3.66
-0.30
0.00
-0.04
-5.63

4
5
4
5
4
5
4
5

0.00
1.18
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2
0.00
6.66
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
3
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
4
0.00
6.26
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
************** END OF LATEST ANALYSIS RESULT **************

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

50. SECTION 0.88 MEMBER 1

51. PRINT MEMBER SECTION FORCES LIST 1
MEMBER
SECTION FORCES
LIST
MEMBER FORCES AT INTERMEDIATE SECTIONS
MEMB

LOAD
1
1
2
3
4

SEC
0.88
0.88
0.88
0.88

SHEAR-Y SHEAR-Z
-1.12
0.00
-8.37
0.00
-8.37
0.00
-6.26
0.00

ALL UNITS ARE -- MTON METE

MOM-Y
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

MOM-Z
0.86
3.20
3.20
2.08

************** END OF LATEST ANALYSIS RESULT **************

52. SECTION 0.09 0.5 0.91 MEMBER 2 3
53. PRINT MEMBER SECTION FORCES LIST 2 3
MEMBER

SECTION

FORCES

LIST

MEMBER FORCES AT INTERMEDIATE SECTIONS

MEMB

LOAD
2

SEC

SHEAR-Y

SHEAR-Z

ALL UNITS ARE -- MTON METE

MOM-Y

MOM-Z

0.09
0.50
0.91
0.09
0.50
0.91
0.09
0.50
0.91
0.09
0.50
0.91

1.18
0.73
0.29
7.25
0.59
0.59
7.35
0.69
0.69
4.89
4.89
-1.37

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.86
0.15
-0.22
3.43
0.41
-0.03
3.41
0.32
-0.19
2.34
-1.27
-0.26

0.09
0.50
0.91
0.09
0.50

-0.27
-0.71
-1.15
2.52
-4.14

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

-0.23
0.13
0.82
-0.53
-0.06

1.01
0.00
3.66
0.00
0.00
0.00
5.63
0.00

0.91
0.09
0.50
0.91
4 0.09
0.50
0.91
************** END
54. FINISH
3

-4.14
-0.17
-0.17
-0.17
-0.02
-0.02
-6.28
OF LATEST

0.00
0.00
2.99
0.00
0.00
-0.27
0.00
0.00
-0.15
0.00
0.00
-0.03
0.00
0.00
-0.04
0.00
0.00
-0.02
0.00
0.00
4.62
ANALYSIS RESULT **************

Page 22

7.0

SUMMARY OF DESIGN MOMENTS

SECT.

1-1
2-2
3-3

LIVE LOAD MOMENTS

HOGGING
SAGGING

3.20
0.41
2.99

0.00
1.27
1.93

DEAD LOAD MOMENTS

& SIDL MOMENTS
HOGGING
SAGGING

0.86
0.15
0.82

0.00
0.23

For Cantilever portion

Dead Load Moment at section 1-1
Live-Load Moment
8.0

0.86
3.20

tm
tm

DESIGN OF REINFORCEMENT

DIA. OF MAIN REINF.

DIA. OF DISTRIBUTION REINF.
DEPTH OF SLAB - AT INTERM. SECTION.
DEPTH OF SLAB - AT CANTIL.SECTION.
CLEAR COVER TO REINFORCEMENT
EFF. DEPTH FOR MAIN STEEL - AT INTERM. SECTION.
EFF. DEPTH FOR MAIN STEEL - AT CANTIL. SECTION.
EFF. DEPTH FOR DISTRIB. STEEL - AT INTERM. SECTION.
EFF. DEPTH FOR DISTRIB. STEEL - AT CANTIL. SECTION.
MIN. REINFORCEMENT
GRADE OF CONCRETE
MPERM. BENDING COMP. STRESS
CONSTANT
j,
CONSTANT
Q,
SECT.

DESIGN MOMENTS

MAIN STEEL
AT
BOTTOM

12
10
235
250
40
189
204
178
183
2.82
25
8.33
0.902
110

DISTRIB. MOMENTS

mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
cm2
N/mm2
N/mm2
t/m2

DISTRIBUTION STEEL
AT
AT
TOP
BOTTOM

HOGGING

SAGGING

AT
TOP

HOGGING

SAGGING

1-1

4.06

0.00

10.82

0.00

1.13

0.00

3.36

0.00

2-2

0.56

1.27

1.61

3.65

0.15

0.38

0.47

1.16

3-3

3.81

2.16

10.96

6.21

1.06

0.63

3.24

1.91

DEPTH REQUIRED AT SECTION 1-1 =

DEPTH REQUIRED AT
INTERMEDIATE-SECTIONS
=
SECT.
AT

1-1
2-2
3-3

MAIN STEEL
TOP

12#@ 200 +
12#@200C/C
12#@ 200 +
12#@200C/C
12#@ 200 +
12#@200C/C

PROVIDED
AT BOTTOM

191.7 mm

< Provided ,Hence O.K.

185.7 mm

< Provided ,Hence O.K.

AT

DISTRIB. STEEL PROVIDED

TOP
AT BOTTOM

8# @ 200 C/C

10# @ 200 C/C

10# @ 200 C/C

12 # @ 150 C/C

8# @ 200 C/C

8# @ 200 C/C

12 # @ 150 C/C

10# @ 200 C/C

8# @ 200 C/C

9.0 DESIGN OF DIAPHRAGM :

9.1 Design of End Diaphragm :
Dead Load Analysis :

0.28

Load from the hatched area will constitute

the local effect.
1.8 m
Self weight of Diaphragm =

1.8 m

2.45 t

Deck slab & Wearing coat = ( 5.5 x 0.28 + 1/2 x 1.8 x 0.9 x 2 ) x 0.234 x 2.4
=
1.32 t
Wearing coat = ( 5.5 x 0.28 + 1/2 x 1.8 x 0.9 x 2 ) x 0.075 x 2.2
=
Total load = 6.21+ 1.49 + 0.29 =

4.19 t

This load is assumed as a uniform load over a length of 5.0m

U.D.L = 4.19 / 3.6 =

1.16 t/m

Load outside deck slab etc. outside the hatched area will be carried by the main girder
and transmitted directly to the bearings without causing any bending moment and
shear forces in the diaphragm.
Total D L effect is as below
1.16 t/m
A

B
1.8 m

C
1.8 m

Maximum + Ve moment = 0.07 x 1.84 x 1.8 =

Maximum - Ve moment = 0.125 x 1.84 x 1.8 =
Maximum shear force
= 0.55 x 1.84 x 1.8
=

0.26 tm
0.47 tm
1.15 t

0.42 t

Live Load Analysis :

o

Parts of live load in 45 influnce area will only go to the diaphrm. Parts outside this area will go
directly to the main girder and will not cause any B.M and S.F in the diaphragm. Class A x 2 lanes
will cause max. effect.
Case I : Placing One track in the mid span

TR - I

TR - I
0.90 m

0.90 m

beff for 5.7t load along traffic dirn

=
0.82 m
A

1.8 m

1.8 m

Load from each Track = 1.5 x 5.7

=
8.55 t
0.82
1.18
0.5
Reaction at A

RA = 8.55 x (0.406 - 0.094 ) =

2.67 t
[Coefficients are taken
from " STEEL DESIGNERS
MANUAL"]

Max. span moment = 2.67 x 0.9

=
2.40 tm
Max. support moment = 2.67 x 1.8 - 8.55 x 0.9 =
Shear force at B = 2.67 - 8.55 =

-2.89 tm
-5.88 t

Summary of Design moment and shear force :

Moment at support
Moment at mid span

3.36 tm
=

2.66 tm

Maximum shear force =

7.04 t

Overall depth available near outer girder location = 1.6 - 0.1 =

Effective depth = 1500 - 50 - 12 - 10 =
Width of beam =

1428 mm
325 mm
2

Moment of resistance = 110 x 0.325 x 1.828 =

=
=
51.05 tm

Area of steel required = 3.79 / ( 2 x 0.902 x 1.828 )

-2

But minimum steel = 0.2 x 32.5 x 142.8 x 10

=
Provide 5 nos 20 # bars both at top and bottom.
Provide 2 L 10 # stirrups @ 200 c/c all through

1.5 m
1.428 m
0.325 m
>>
1.31 sq.cm
9.282 Sq.cm

3.36 tm

Jacking condition.
Reaction at end bearing due to dead load and SIDL =
Reaction at inner bearing due to dead load and SIDL =

31.92 t
31.92 t

End cross girder will be designed for jack lifting . BM & SF Ref. STAAD Output Jack lifting file
1. STAAD PLANE JACK LIFTING ANALYSIS OF GIRDERS

INPUT FILE: 20 M _Diaphragm.STD

2. START JOB INFORMATION
3. ENGINEER DATE 01-SEP-12
4. END JOB INFORMATION
5. INPUT WIDTH 79
6. UNIT METER MTON
7. JOINT COORDINATES
8. 1 0 0 0; 2 0.6 0 0; 3 1.2 0 0; 4 1.8 0 0; 5 2.4 0 0; 6 3 0 0;
7 3.6 0 0
9. MEMBER INCIDENCES
10. 1 1 2; 2 2 3; 3 3 4; 4 4 5; 5 5 6; 6 6 7
11. DEFINE MATERIAL START
12. ISOTROPIC CONCRETE
13. E 2.17185E+007
14. POISSON 0.17
15. DENSITY 23.5616
16. ALPHA 1E-005
17. DAMP 0.05
18. END DEFINE MATERIAL
19. CONSTANTS
20. MATERIAL CONCRETE ALL
21. MEMBER PROPERTY INDIAN
22. 1 TO 6 PRIS YD 1.965 ZD 0.325
23. SUPPORTS
24. 2 3 5 6 PINNED
25. LOAD 1 DEAD LOAD
26. SELFWEIGHT Y -1
27. JOINT LOAD
28. 1 FY -31.923
29. 4 FY -31.923
30. 7 FY -31.923
31. PERFORM ANALYSIS
32. PRINT SUPPORT REACTION
JACK LIFTING ANALYSIS OF GIRDERS
SUPPORT REACTIONS -UNIT MTON METE
STRUCTURE TYPE = PLANE
----------------JOINT

LOAD
2
3
5
6

1
1
1
1

FORCE-X FORCE-Y
FORCE-Z MOM-X
MOM-Y
MOM Z
0
58.09
0
0
0
0
8.61
0
0
0
0
8.61
0
0
0
0
58.09
0
0
0

************** END OF LATEST ANALYSIS RESULT **************

33. PRINT MEMBER FORCES ALL

0
0
0
0

JACK LIFTING ANALYSIS OF GIRDERS

MEMBER END FORCES
STRUCTURE TYPE = PLANE
----------------ALL UNITS ARE -- MTON METE
(LOCAL )
MEMBER LOAD
1

JT

AXIAL

SHEAR-Y SHEAR-Z TORSION MOM-Y

-31.92
0
0
38.19
0
0

1
2

0
0

2
3

0
0

19.90
-13.63

0
0

3
4

0
0

22.23
-15.96

4
5

0
0

5
6

6
7

0
-21.04

0
0

0
0

21.04
-10.98

0
0

0
0

0
0

10.98
0.48

-15.96
22.23

0
0

0
0

0
0

-0.48
-10.98

0
0

-13.63
19.90

0
0

0
0

0
0

10.98
-21.04

0
0

38.19
-31.92

0
0

0
0

0
0

21.04
0

************** END OF LATEST ANALYSIS RESULT **************

34. FINISH
Max. hogging moment at support =
Max. sagging moment at span =
Max. shear force =

21.04

t-m

0.5

t-m

38.2

Cross girder will be designed as continuous rectanguler deep beam

Effetive span ( l ) =

1.32 m

Over all depth ( D ) =

1.60 m

l/D =
Lever arm z =

0.83
0.66

< 1
As per Cl. 29.2 IS 456 -2000

0.26
Bottom reinforcement =
Minimum Reinforcement required is ,

cm
9.28

Providing

16
20.11

# in five layers.
cm

11.14
16

cm
# in five layers.

10
No. dia
Ast provided =

Top reinforcement =
Providing
10
No. dia

MOM-Z
0
0

cm

Ast provided =

20.11

cm

Reinforcement shall be provided as per Cl 29.2 IS:456-2000 and is shown in drawing.

For Shear
Providing 2 Legged # 16 stirrups
Asw = 59.93 x 10000
s
200 x 202.8 x 2.0

6.69 cm/m

Providing 2 -Legged 16 # stirrups @150 c/c

9.2 Design of Intermediate Diaphragm :
Self weight of Diaphragm =

2.43 t

Self weight of Deck Slab and Wearing coat

= 2 x 1/2 x 1.8 x 0.9 x 2 x 0.234 x 2.4

1.82 t
1.8

U.D.L = ( 2.43 + 1.82 ) / 3.6 =

1.8

1.18 t/m

The support of the intermediate diaphragm will act as a spring , hence reaction = (2.43 + 1.82 ) / 3
=
1.42 t
1.18 t/m
Dead load bending moment At A = 0
A
B
C
At B =1.18x0.9-1.42x0.9/2 =
0.80 tm
1.8 m
1.8 m
At C = 1.18x1.8-1.62x1.8/2 =

0.64 tm

Dead load shear force

At A =
At B =
At C =

1.42 t
0.35 t
-0.71 t

Live Load :
Parts of live load in 45o influnce area will only go to the diaphrm. Parts outside this area will go
directly to the main girder and will not cause any B.M and S.F in the diaphragm.
Live load on diaphragm from each track = 1.5 x 5.7 =
Reaction = 2 x8.6 /3

5.7 t

Maximum L.L moment = 5.7 x 1.8 - 8.6 x 0.9 =

Design moment =
d eff. = 1950-62-10 =

8.6 t

2.6 tm
3.20 tm

1878 mm
=
Width =

Area of steel required = 3.20 / ( 2 x 0.902 x 1.478 ) =

Provide 4 nos 20 # bars both at top and bottom.
Provide 2 L 10 # stirrups @ 200 c/c all through

1.878 m
325 mm
0.95 Sqcm

0.325 m