Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Type of consumable
Tensile strength of the material used
Position of use
Type of coating and current
Consumable
Prefix
Type Of Welding
Common
Electrodes
Stick welding
electrode
SMAW
E6010,E7018
Solid wire
ER
MIG/GMAW
ER5056,ER308
FCAW
E70C-6,E71T-8
TIG electrode
WX*
TIG
WL15,WC20
ER
TIG
ER308,ER4043
Rod gas
RG
Oxy-fuel welding
RG-65,RG-60
Notes:
*X=L for lanthanated, C for ceriated, T for thoriated, Z for zircoinated
Table. 1.1
The classification shown in table is rather a concise classification, for more detailed
classification you can check the AWS standard reports available online. Here we are
only going to study stick welding electrodes used in SMAW.
Positions of use
All positions
Flat only
Table 1.3
Types of Current:
Alternating current (AC)
Current changes its polarity depending upon the frequency of AC
current. In America the polarity changes 120 times per second, current is 60Hz. In
Pakistan polarity changes 100 times per second, current is 50Hz.
Direct current electrode positive(DCEP or DC+)
DCEP or reversed polarity is used for deeper penetration.
Direct current electrode negative(DCEN or DC-)
DCEN or straight polarity is used for faster melt-off and deposition
rate.
E6010
E6010 electrodes are characterized by a deeply penetrating, forceful, spray-type arc
and readily removable, thin, friable slag which may not seem to completely cover the weld
bead. Fillet welds usually have a relatively flat weld face and have a rather coarse, unevenly
spaced ripple. The coverings are high in cellulose, usually exceeding 30% by weight. The
other materials generally used in the covering include titanium dioxide, metallic deoxidizers
such as ferromanganese, various types of magnesium or aluminum silicates, and liquid
sodium silicate as a binder. Because of their covering composition, these electrodes are
generally described as the high-cellulose sodium type.
These electrodes are recommended for all welding positions, particularly on multiple-pass
applications in the vertical and overhead welding positions and where welds of good
soundness are required. They frequently are selected for joining pipe and generally are
capable of welding in the vertical position with either uphill or downhill progression.
The majority of applications for these electrodes is in joining carbon steel. However, they
have been used to advantage on galvanized steel and on some low-alloy steels. Typical
applications include shipbuilding, buildings, bridges, storage tanks, piping, and pressure
vessel fittings. Since the applications are so widespread, a discussion of each is impractical.
Sizes larger than 3/16 in [5.0 mm] generally have limited use in other than flat or horizontalfillet welding positions.
These electrodes have been designed for use with dcep (direct current, electrode positive).
The maximum amperage that can generally be used with the larger sizes of these electrodes
is limited in comparison to that for other classifications due to the high spatter loss that
occurs with high amperage.
E7018M
Electrodes are similar to E7018-1H4R electrodes, except that the testing for
mechanical properties and for classification is done on a groove weld that has a 60 degree
included angle and, for electrodes up to 5/32 in [4 mm], welded in the vertical position with
upward progression. The impact test results are evaluated using all five test values and
higher values are required at 20F [30C]. The maximum allowable moisturein-coating
values in the as-received or reconditioned state are more restrictive than that required for
E7018R.
E7018M is intended to be used with dcep-type current in order to produce the optimum
mechanical properties. However, if the manufacturer desires, the electrode may also be
classified as E7018 provided all the requirements of E7018 are met.
In addition to their use on carbon steel, the E7018M electrodes are used for joining carbon
steel to high-strength low-alloy steels and higher carbon steels. Fillet welds made in the
horizontal and flat welding positions have a slightly convex weld face, with a smooth and
finely rippled surface. The electrodes are characterized by a smooth, quiet arc, very low
spatter, and medium arc penetration.