CALCULATIONS

Standardization of sodium hydroxide solution.

Titration 1
117.020
118.752
1.502
12.10

Mass of a beaker (g)

Mass of a beaker + KHP (g)
Mass of KHP
Volume of NaOH to

Titration 2
111.676
113.168
1.502
12.30

neutralise the KHP solution

(mL)

Molarity of sodium hydroxide solution in each titration.

Titration 1
Mole of KHP used in titration.
No. of mole of KHC8H4O4
= 1.502g KHC8H4O4

1mol KHC8H4O4
204.2g KHC8H4O4

= 0.0073556 mol KHC8H4O4

Moles of NaOH required to neutralize the moles of KHP.

No. of mole of NaOH
= 0.0073556 mol KHC8H4O4 x

1mol NaOH
1 mol KHC8H4O4

=0.0073556 mol NaOH

Molarity of NaOH solution.

Titration 3
114.565
116.066
1.501
12.60

Molarity =

mol NaOH

Litre of solution
= 0.0073556 mol NaOH
0.01210 L NaOH
= 0.6079 M NaOH

Titration 2
Mole of KHP used in titration.
No. of mole of KHC8H4O4

= 1.502g KHC8H4O4 x

1mol KHC8H4O4
204.2g KHC8H4O4

= 0.0073556 mol KHC8H4O4

Moles of NaOH required to neutralize the moles of KHP.

No. of mole of NaOH
= 0.0073556 mol KHC8H4O4 x

1mol NaOH
1 mol KHC8H4O4

=0.0073556 mol NaOH

Molarity =

mol NaOH

Litre of solution
= 0.0073556 mol NaOH
0.01230 L NaOH
= 0.5980 M NaOH

Titration 3

Mole of KHP used in titration.

No. of mole of KHC8H4O4
= 1.501g KHC8H4O4 x

1mol KHC8H4O4
204.2g KHC8H4O4

= 0.0073506 mol KHC8H4O4

Moles of NaOH required to neutralize the moles of KHP.

No. of mole of NaOH

= 0.0073506 mol KHC8H4O4 x

1mol NaOH
1 mol KHC8H4O4

=0.0073506 mol NaOH

Molarity =

mol NaOH

Litre of solution
= 0.007355 mol NaOH
0.01260 L NaOH
= 0.5834 M NaOH

Average molarity
0.6079+0.5980+0.5834
3
= 0.5964 M NaOH

Calculation for determining the acetic acid concentration in vinegar.

Volume of NaOH required to

Titration 1
6.30

neutralize vinegar (mL)

Titration 1
Moles of NaOH that reacted.
6.30 mL of NaOH x

1L
1000mL

= 0.0063 L NaOH

0.0063 L NaOH x 0.5964 mol NaOH solution

1L
= 0.00376 mol NaOH

The mole of CH2COOH neutralized by moles of NaOH.

0.00376 mol NaOH x 1 mol CH3COOH
1 mol NaOH
= 0.00376 mol CH3COOH

Molarity of the CH3COOH solution.

10 mL CH3COOH x 1L
1000mL
= 0.01 L CH3COOH solution

Molarity(M)
= 0.00376 mol CH3COOH

Titration 2
6.10

0.01L solution
=0.376 M CH3COOH

The mass of acetic acid solution.

0.01mL CH3COOH x 0.376 M CH3COOH x 60.06 g CH3COOH
1L solution

1 mol

= 0.2256 g CH3COOH
10 mL CH3COOH solution = 10.0g CH3COOH solution

Percentage of acetic acid in the solution

Percentage by mass of CH3COOH
= 0.2256 g CH3COOH x 100%
10.0 CH3COOH
= 2.256% CH3COOH

Titration 2
Moles of NaOH that reacted.
6.10 mL of NaOH x 1L
1000mL
= 0.0061 L NaOH
0.0061 L NaOH x 0.5964 mol NaOH solution
1L
= 0.003638 mol NaOH

The mole of CH2COOH neutralized by moles of NaOH.

0.003638 mol NaOH x 1 mol CH3COOH

1 mol NaOH
= 0.003638 mol CH3COOH

Molarity of the CH3COOH solution.

10 mL CH3COOH x 1L
1000mL
= 0.01 L CH3COOH solution

Molarity(M) = 0.003638 mol CH3COOH

0.01L solution
=0.3638 M CH3COOH

The mass of acetic acid solution.

0.01mL CH3COOH x 0.3638 M CH3COOH x

60.06 g CH3COOH

1L solution
= 0.2185 g CH3COOH
1
0 mL CH3COOH solution = 10.0g CH3COOH solution

Percentage of acetic acid in the solution

1 mol

Percentage by mass of CH3COOH

= 0.2185 g CH3COOH x 100% = 2.185% CH3COOH
10.0 CH3COOH

Average molarity of acetic acid , CH3COOH = 0.376 + 0.364

= 0.370 M

2
Average percentage by mass of acetic acid in vinegar , CH3COOH = 2.256+2.185
2
= 2.221%